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Biological method of dark fermentative hydrogen will be a promising cost effective biogas for future generation. Dark fermentation has become more popular due to cost efficient and eco-friendly biological method for hydrogen production. In the present study the feasibility of operational conditions such as pH (4.5-7.0), temperature (30°C -60°C) wit...
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... mode UASB rector design. A 10 L working volume UASB reactor was designed with a working volume of 6 L. The schematic diagram of the UASB reactor is pre- sented in Figure 1. The UASB reactor contains the heat and acid treated sludge and to this the effluent was fed using a peristaltic pump. ...
Citations
... The liquid rises upwards and vented through another outlet. Biogas thus generated can be utilized for energy generation [7]. ...
Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology book series aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology. The field of advanced and applied Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology has not only helped the development in various fields in Science and Technology but also contributes the improvement of the quality of human life to a great extent. The focus of the book would be on state-of-the-art technologies and advances in Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology and to provides a remarkable opportunity for the academic, research and industrial communities to address new challenges and share solutions.
... 74 In this study, 331.3 ± 7.1 mL H 2 g −1 COD consumed with glycerol added and 299.7 ± 11.0 mL H 2 g −1 COD without were attained (Table 4). There is scarce literature regarding hydrogen production from brewery wastewaters, and the existing literature is difficult to compare as the brewery wastewaters were largely diluted and supplemented, normally with glucose, to attain a certain COD concentration (2-10 g L −1 COD initial), 35,36,71 whereas in other cases, hydrogen production is overlooked by the methane potential instead. 6 In a study using distillery effluent with the same initial COD as this study, 1156 ± 25 mL H 2 L −1 was reported, which is 5 to 6 times lower than the present work. ...
BACKGROUND
Among the methods to produce hydrogen biologically, dark fermentation stands out mainly due to its low operating requirements. Organic wastes, such as brewing industry waste slurries and glycerol, can provide a cost‐effective feedstock with the additional potential of generating value‐added byproducts, while addressing a wastewater treatment issue.
RESULTS
The hydrogen production potential in dark fermentation of a high‐strength brewery waste slurry was optimized with a selected seed sludge, initial COD concentration of 50–60 g L⁻¹, pH 6.4 and fermentation time of 30 h. The main end product was butyric acid, accounting for over 50% of the carboxylic acids. The efficiency of the process on the basis of volume of H2 obtained per gram of COD converted into organic acids was 393 ± 5 and 430 ± 6 mL without and with glycerol, respectively, and the molar ratio of H2 per mole of substrate was 71% of the theoretical molar yield when the fermentation is dominated by butyrate as the end product.
CONCLUSIONS
A proposed brewery sludge treatment system comprising dark fermentation followed by anaerobic digestion is promising and can be more advantageous than anaerobic digestion alone with an increase of 18.5% in energy potential. Alternatively, with recovery of valuable butyrate, a reduction in 4.5 kg of CO2 emissions per cubic meter of sludge treated can be achieved, with a 27% net loss in energy potential. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
... Many types of reactors are used in anaerobic systems, such as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB), and internal circulation anaerobic reactor (IC) etc. Compared to others, IC adopts the up-flow reactor principle and consists of two reaction chambers with a tri-phase separator in the upper part of each chamber [11,12]. The reflux tube connects the upper and lower reaction chambers and also constitutes the internal circulation of the reactants in the reactor, which also makes IC reactor one of the most effective anaerobic bioreactors. ...
The presented study studied the internal operation efficiency and inner microbial community diversity of different chambers of internal circulation (IC) reactor and system energy assessment for hydrogen production under ethanol type fermentation. Results showed that the first chamber of IC had the highest net COD removal efficacy (28.77%) and VFA biotransformation efficacy and highest microbial diversity than sludge mixing zone and the second reaction chamber. High-throughput sequencing results showed Firmicutes and Proteobacteria had the highest content on the phylum level. Ethanol type fermentation was established in 22 days with a maximum HPR of 1.31 L/L/day in IC reactor and system energy assessment calculated the output energy provided by hydrogen can’t afford the energy consumption of IC running, and hydrogen production was account for 12.06% of the total influent energy. These results may provide some new insights for mechanism understanding on the IC reactor application in future industrial wastewater treatment.
... The majority of PNSB grow only at levels less than 45 mg S L −1 , yet some species of Rhodobacter and Rhodoferax can tolerate sulfide concentrations up to 361 mg S L −1 . 42 In practice, sulfide will not be problematic as sulfate concentration, for example for brewery wastewater, is typical around 7 mg S L −1 . 43 It is unlikely that biological N 2 fixation by PNSB occurred, as nitrogen concentrations were never limiting (effluent ammonium > 150 mg NH 4 + N L −1 ). ...
... The chemical oxygen demand (COD) content in BW is typically in the range of 1000e20,000 mg/L [11,12], but concentrations up to 135,000 mg/L have been reported [13], with pH values from 3.3 to 7.3 [11,12]. The optimal pH for biohydrogen production using BW was reported in the range of 6e6.5 [14,15], decreasing considerably the efficiency at pH of 4.5 and 7 [14]. For NW, the COD concentration is typically in the range of 25,000e40,000 mg/L [16,17] with pH extremely alkaline, achieving values from 12 to 14 [16,18], which results from the nixtamalization, a thermal-alkaline process to cook maize grains using a solution of calcium hydroxide [18]. ...
... The chemical oxygen demand (COD) content in BW is typically in the range of 1000e20,000 mg/L [11,12], but concentrations up to 135,000 mg/L have been reported [13], with pH values from 3.3 to 7.3 [11,12]. The optimal pH for biohydrogen production using BW was reported in the range of 6e6.5 [14,15], decreasing considerably the efficiency at pH of 4.5 and 7 [14]. For NW, the COD concentration is typically in the range of 25,000e40,000 mg/L [16,17] with pH extremely alkaline, achieving values from 12 to 14 [16,18], which results from the nixtamalization, a thermal-alkaline process to cook maize grains using a solution of calcium hydroxide [18]. ...
... Compared to the other incubations, the pH values from 5.8 to 10.8 had a better impact on specific hydrogen production rates, which is consistent with the previous study using sucrose as a sole substrate, where the production was inhibited at pH values of 3, 11, and 12 [31]. Nonetheless, in addition to pH, the substrate composition may also impact the specific rates, due that a higher fraction of biodegradable organic matter (biochemical oxygen demand, BOD) can be found in BW [14,33] compared to NW [19,20], concerning the total content of organic matter. A fraction of organic matter present in NW has some extent of recalcitrance due to the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [34], defaulting the initial step of anaerobic digestion [35], requiring larges lag phases for the adaptation of microorganisms. ...
The capacity of a heat-treated sludge (HTS) to produce hydrogen from the mono- and co-digestion of corn (NW, pH 13.1) and brewery (BW, pH 3.8) wastewater was evaluated. The co-digestion of NW and BW was conducted with ratios (NW/BW) from 40/60 to 80/20 (vol/vol) at pH 6 and under different initial pH values (from 5.8 to 12.3) according to the substrates mixtures. With the initial pH adjusted to 6, the highest production (302 mL) occurred for the mono-digestion of NW, but hydrogen was produced in all incubations. For incubations under variable pH values, the highest hydrogen production was obtained with the ratio 60/40 (270 mL), followed by the ratio 65/35 (260 mL) with pH values of 10.8 and 10.4, respectively. The initial pH influenced the kinetic parameters, especially on maximum production and lag phase. For the ratio 60/40, with an alkaline pH value (10.4), the lag phase was delayed up to 122 h, but the highest volume of hydrogen was obtained with this condition. The Clostridium genus, present in all samples, could be associated as the main responsible for hydrogen production. Besides, the presence of Burkholderia genus, previously related to hydrogen production, was identified as the main involved in the culture at pH 10.8.
... pH was adjusted to 6.5. Anaerobic sludge from the UASB reactor of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant located at HMWWS (Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board, Amberpet) was used as inoculums(Vijaya Krishna et al. 2017). ...
Abatement of water pollution is being a major concern to be dealt with, as the scarcity of water for basic needs of human beings is increasing drastically. As a part of diminishing water pollution, treatment of industrial wastewater prior to disposal plays a paramount role. Due to the typical characteristics of pesticide, intermediate industrial waste water the treatment is also challenging issue. In this study three different sequential methodologies (Methodology-I: combined rotavapour distillation, fenton and anaerobic biological process, Methodology-II: combined rotavapour distillation, photo fenton and anaerobic biological process, Methodology-III combined coagulation, fenton, electro oxidation and anaerobic biological process) has been evaluated for the treatment of pesticide intermediate industrial wastewater. Among the three sequential methodologies opted in this study for the treatment of pesticide intermediate industrial wastewater, percentage removal of COD was 95% in methodology-1 (i.e. combined rotavapor distillation, fenton and anaerobic biological treatment).
... The system gave bioH 2 yield and H 2 production rate of 2.45 mol mol -1 sugar and 11.75 L L -1 POME d -1 respectively at HRT of 6 h. BioH 2 production is also achieved by using fluidized bed reactor due to improved mass transfer between biofilm and feedstock [102]. The reactor contains light material that can easily be made to float in the reactor upon which the microbes are immobilized to increase their solid retention time. ...
Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concern has compelled us to search for alternative fuel. Hydrogen is considered as a dream fuel as it has high energy content (142 kJ g−1) and is not chemically bound to carbon. At present, fossil fuel based methods for producing hydrogen require high energy input, which makes the processes expensive. The major processes for biohydrogen production are biophotolysis, microbial electrolysis, dark fermentation and photo fermentation. Fermentative hydrogen production has the additional advantages of potentially using various waste streams from different industries as feedstock. Novel strategy to enhance the productivity of fermentative hydrogen production include optimization in pretreatment methods, integrated fermentation systems (sequential and combined fermentation), use of nanoparticles as additives, metabolic engineering of microorganisms, improving the light utilization efficiency, developing more efficient photobioreactors, etc. More focus has been given to produce biohydrogen in a biorefinery approach in which, along with hydrogen gas, other metabolites (ethanol, butyric acid, 1–3 Propanediol, etc.) are also produced, which have direct/indirect industrial applications. In present review, various emerging technologies that enlighten biohydrogen production methods as an effective and sustainable on a large scale have been critically reviewed. The Possible future developments are also outlined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
... The temperature of column was 80C to 130°C at a rate of 30°C/min, then to 195°C at 10°C/min, and finally, stabilization at 220°C for 5 min. Nitrogen gas was used as the carrying gas [18,19]. ...
Rapid development of the industrial and domestic sectors has led to the rise of several energy and environmental issues. In accordance with sustainable development and waste minimization issues, biohydrogen production along with biomethane production via two-stage fermentation process using microorganisms from renewable sources has received considerable attention. In the present study, biohythane production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in a two-stage (Biohydrogen and Biomethane) fermentation process under anaerobic conditions. Optimization of high organic content (COD) distillery spent wash effluent (DSPW) with dilution using sewage wastewater was carried out. Addition of leachate as a nutrient source was also studied for effective biohythane production. The experimental results showed that the maximum biohythane production at optimized concentration (substrate concentration of 60 g/L with 30% of leachate as a nutrient source) was 67 mmol/L bio-H2 and with bio-CH4 production of 42 mmol/L.
Graphical Abstract
... Anaerobic mixed consortia were collected from a full-scale anaerobic bioreactor. Pretreatment was conducted by heating the consortia at optimized conditions, i.e., at 100 °C for 20 min and at acidic pH (3.0), which were placed in the dark condition for overnight to suppress the methanogenic bacteria ( Vijaya et al. 2016 0.005 g/L, MnCl 2 : 0.015 g/L, glucose: 3.0 g/L) under anaerobic environment at pH 7.0. The above pretreated enriched 24-h active culture was used for biohydrogen production. ...
The excessive utilization of fossil fuels consequently causes global climate change because of the emission of greenhouse pollutants. Hence, hydrogen is considered as the major energy carrier in the future because of its high conversion capability, recyclability and non-polluting nature. The present study focuses on the enhancement of fermentative biohydrogen production from high-organic-rich distillery spent wash under mesophilic conditions with optimization of substrate concentrations. The experimental results depict that 60 g/L substrate concentration was favorable for biohydrogen production with a biohydrogen yield of 0.6 L/L. Pretreatment of the substrate was one of the another specific objectives which was carried out through electrocoagulation using iron (Fe) (−)/Fe (+). The electrocoagulation showed the maximum biohydrogen yield of 1.4 L/L at 15-min reaction time under favorable substrate concentrations.
... In another study, Krishna et al. (2017) conducted a two-stage thermophilic and mesophilic process for biohydrogen and methane production using palm oil mill effluent (POME). The effluent from the thermophilic dark fermentation process which consisted mainly of acetate and butyrate were used for methane production under mesophilic conditions. ...
... The biohydrogen and methane yields were 215 L H 2 kg COD -1 and 320 L CH 4 kg COD -1 , respectively, with a total COD removal efficiency of 94% in the two-stage process. POME is produced at high temperatures (80-90°C) from the palm oil industry (Krishna et al. 2017). Therefore, its utilization as a substrate at thermophilic biohydrogen production process is beneficial because it eliminates the cooling step (Krishna et al. 2017). ...
... POME is produced at high temperatures (80-90°C) from the palm oil industry (Krishna et al. 2017). Therefore, its utilization as a substrate at thermophilic biohydrogen production process is beneficial because it eliminates the cooling step (Krishna et al. 2017). Furthermore, it favours a thermodynamic process and maintains low hydrogen partial pressure in the liquid-phase thereby increasing the energy conversion efficiency in two-stage process (Krishna et al. 2017;Kumar and Lin 2013;Noparat et al. 2012). ...
The challenges of climate change, dwindling fossil reserves, and environmental pollution have fuelled the need to search for clean and sustainable energy resources. The process of biohydrogen has been highlighted as a propitious alternative energy of the future because it has many socio-economic benefits such as non-polluting features, the ability to use diverse feedstocks including waste materials, the process uses various microorganisms, and it is the simplest method of producing hydrogen. However, the establishment of a biohydrogen driven economy has been hindered by low process yields due to the accumulation of inhibitory products. Over the past few years, various optimization methods have been used in literature. Among these, integration of bioprocesses is gaining increasing prominence as an effective approach that could be used to achieve a theoretical yield of 4 mol H2 mol⁻¹ glucose. In batch integrated systems, dark fermentation is used as a primary process for conversion of substrates into biohydrogen, carbon dioxide, and volatile fatty acids. This is followed by a secondary anaerobic process for further biohydrogen conversion efficiency. This review discusses the current challenges facing scale-up studies in dark fermentation process. It elucidates the potential of batch integrated systems in biohydrogen process development. Furthermore, it explores the various integrated fermentation techniques that are employed in biohydrogen process development. Finally, the review concludes with recommendations on improvement of these integrated processes for enhanced biohydrogen yields which could pave a way for the establishment of a large-scale biohydrogen production process.
