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The present study is designed to assess the potential benefits of controlled delivery of silver sulfadiazine from collagen scaffold (SSDM-CS) in infected deep partial thickness burn wounds in which epidermis is lost completely and the entire papillary dermis and most of the recticular layer of the dermis is lost. Infection induced by inoculating 10...
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Context 1
... second degree burn wound was created by an instrument designed by us using commercially available solder rod (500 g) (Fig. 1). The edge of the solder rod was cut and replaced by a circular iron disc of thickness 1.25 cm and diameter of 3 cm. A thermal sensor was connected to the non-contacting surface and the temperature was observed through a digital read-out. The desired temperature was attained by electrically heating the solder rod and temperature was ...
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... of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by densitometry (Fig. 10) exhibited both active and inactive forms of enzymes at various post-burn days. MMP-1levels were found to be high during initial days of healing (3-6) in all the groups [ Fig. 10(A)]. MMP-1 linearly decreased with time in both the non-infected groups, whereas level of expression showed variation in both the infected groups. Group 4 ...
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... of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by densitometry (Fig. 10) exhibited both active and inactive forms of enzymes at various post-burn days. MMP-1levels were found to be high during initial days of healing (3-6) in all the groups [ Fig. 10(A)]. MMP-1 linearly decreased with time in both the non-infected groups, whereas level of expression showed variation in both the infected groups. Group 4 exhibited significant increase in MMP-1 levels until day 9 (group 4 vs. groups 1 and 2) and it decreased on par with the noninfected group, which was statistically insignificant (p 5 ...
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... (group 4 vs. groups 1 and 2) and it decreased on par with the noninfected group, which was statistically insignificant (p 5 0.05293, p < 0.05). Comparison within groups does not show significant level of expression of MMP-1 on day 15 (group 1 vs. group 2, p 5 0.0881and group 3 vs. group 4, p 5 0.1389). In groups 1, 2, and 4, expression of MMP-2 [ Fig. 10(B)] increased gradually with time till day 9, after which it rapidly declined, whereas infected control group showed variable expression levels until day 18. Rats in group 4 (SSDM-CS treated) exhibited higher levels of MMP-2 until day 9 and the level significantly decreased from day 12 onward in comparison with group 1 (p 5 0.0013). MMP-9 ...
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... which it rapidly declined, whereas infected control group showed variable expression levels until day 18. Rats in group 4 (SSDM-CS treated) exhibited higher levels of MMP-2 until day 9 and the level significantly decreased from day 12 onward in comparison with group 1 (p 5 0.0013). MMP-9 expression was high during initial days in all the groups [ Fig. 10(C)]. Infected groups (3 and 4) exhibited high level of expression than the noninfected groups throughout the study. It can be observed that group 3 exhibited 2.5-fold higher levels in comparison with other groups and its expression was observed even on day 18. Collectively in all the groups, expression of MMP-9 was found to be predominant ...
Citations
... It can slow down collagen deposition, angiogenesis and the development of granulation tissue. Burn injuries are considerably more difficult to heal than other types of wounds due to the significantly longer recovery period and greater associated financial demands [3]. The use of the existing synthetic medications for wound healing is still limited due to their unfavourable side effects and allergic reactions. ...
One of the most prevalent worldwide problems that affect all ages and genders is skin burn. The goal of our study was to assess the ability of curcumin nanoparticles to cure a rat burn model. Three formulations were selected after several tests were performed including investigation of encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential measurements. In vitro release was achieved on the three selected formulations. The effectiveness of the chosen formulation for healing was evaluated. The induced burn wound was smeared, starting just after excision, once daily with curcumin nanoparticles for 18 days. Our findings revealed that curcumin nanoparticles improved the burn healing potential by augmenting the skin regeneration indices as evidenced by enhancing the new production of hyaluronic acid and collagen type I. Additionally, curcumin nanoparticles could increase levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and alpha smooth muscle activity while drastically reduced the skin's tumour necrosis factor content, revealing a significant potential for burn healing process that also reflected in the histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Finally, our results demonstrated that curcumin nanoparticles revealed a significant potential for burn healing than curcumin alone due to its potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
... Most commercial products are not catered towards wounds with active infection. Such wounds progress to requiring systemic antibiotic therapy; however, this also has complications such as systemic toxicity, associated with end organ damage [25]. Additionally, systemic therapy does not penetrate well into ischemic or necrotic tissues. ...
An evolving field, nanotechnology has made its mark in the fields of nanoscience, nano-particles, nanomaterials, and nanomedicine. Specifically, metal nanoparticles have garnered attention for their diverse use and applicability to dressings for wound healing due to their antimicro-bial properties. Given their convenient integration into wound dressings, there has been increasing focus dedicated to investigating the physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of these nanoparticles as well as their incorporation into biocomposite materials, such as hydrogel scaffolds for use in lieu of antibiotics as well as to accelerate and ameliorate healing. Though rigorously tested and applied in both medical and non-medical applications, further investigations have not been carried out to bring metal nanoparticle-hydrogel composites into clinical practice. In this review, we provide an up-to-date, comprehensive review of advancements in the field, with emphasis on implications on wound healing in in vivo experiments.
... [3][4][5] For burns and scalds, Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) is one of the commonly used clinical drugs, which have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and analgesic effects. 6 However, in recent years, with the emergence of problems such as the abuse of antibiotics and the increased antibacterial drug resistance. Wounds become more difficult to heal, and severe infections can lead to septic shock or multiple organ failure, especially in developing countries. ...
... These medications usually have toxic side effects. 6,39 Herbs are increasingly used in the treatment of burns and scalds and have a significant advantage in promoting the regeneration of wound tissues. 40,41 Herbal treatments for scalds provide an effective treatment option in the clinics. ...
Background
Platycodon grandiflorus could significantly improve the pathological results of cutaneous scald injury, reduce the release of inflammatory factors and promote angiogenesis. This study investigated the wound healing effect of luteolin, an active component of P. grandiflorus, on induced cutaneous scald injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
Methods
The protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. QRT-PCR was adopted to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and VEGF. Histopathological changes of scald wounds were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cell viability and migration ability were detected by CCK-8 assay and scratch assay.
Results
Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that luteolin promoted wound healing of cutaneous scald injury. Gene Oncology (GO) functional analysis and rescue experiments showed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) was the critical target of luteolin in treating cutaneous scald.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that luteolin is an effective component of P. grandiflorus and is effective in the treatment of cutaneous scald injury.
... It can delay granulation tissue formation, reduce angiogenesis and decrease collagen reorganization. Furthermore, due to its significantly prolonged period of rehabilitation, the healing of burn injuries is more difficult than that of ordinary wounds and is also associated with higher economic costs [4]. ...
Purpose: To evaluate the healing efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparation Zaoxiu Burn Ointment (ZBO) on experimental burns in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each: control group, silver sulfadiazine (SSD)-treated group, moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO)-treated group and ZBO-treated group. ZBO, SSD and MEBO were applied topically twice daily for 7 days. SSD and MEBO were used as reference control. The observation of wound area contraction and histological analysis of wound tissues were performed. The effect of ZBO on MMPs, VEGF and Type-III collagen proteins of wound tissue in rats were determined by Western blot. Results: After 10 days of topical treatment with ZBO, ZBO-treated group showed faster reduction in wound area in comparison with control groups (p < 0.01). MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF and type-III collagen expression of the wound tissue increased significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control burn wounds in rats. The ZBO had no cytotoxic effect on BHK-21 cell line. Histological results showed an overall early recovery and regeneration in ZBO-treated group when compared with control group. Conclusion: ZBO possesses significant wound-healing activity in full-thickness burn wounds in rats, and can potentially be developed for the treatment of burns patient in future.
... that of ordinary wounds and it is also associated with higher economic costs [4]. ...
Purpose: To evaluate the healing effect of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.). extract (PGE) on experimental burn wounds in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each: control group, silver sulfadiazine (SSD)-treated group, moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO)-treated group and PGE-treated group. PGE, SSD and MEBO were applied topically twice daily for 7 days. SSD and MEBO were used as reference control. External observation of wound area contraction and histological analysis of wound tissues was performed respectively. The effect of PGE on matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Type-III Collagen proteins of wound tissue in rats were analysed by Western blot. Results: After 10 days of topical treatment with PGE, PGE-treated group showed faster reduction in wound area when compared with control groups (p < 0.01). Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), VEGF and type-III collagen expressions in the wound tissue increased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with the control burn wounds. Histological results showed an overall early recovery and regeneration in PGE-treated group when compared with control group. Conclusion: PGE possesses a significant wound-healing activity in full-thickness burn wounds in rats. Therefore, it can potentially be developed for the management of burns.
... Whereas high mean scores in the number of structure collagen (2.66), Table 2 Pathological scores based on the severity of the parameters. (3) were seen in Col-CH (3:1) group (P < 0.05), the group treated with CH 1% indicated the high mean score for chronic inflammatory cell infiltration (3). In addition, the lowest average scores (2.11 and 2.354) were seen in silver sulfadiazine treated and control groups respectively along with incomplete epithelialization. ...
Background
The present study focused on burning as one of the main causes of mortality with detrimental economic and social effects in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of collagen-chitosan gel extracted from Scomberomorus guttatus and shrimp skin in the treatment of second degree burn healing among rats.
Materials & method
To fulfill the purpose of the study, chitosan and collagen were extracted respectively from shrimp and Scomberomorus guttatus skin waste by the acid-based method and were evaluated by using Pico Tag, SDS-PAGE. The burn wound healing efficiency of marine collagen-chitosan gel was examined in vivo using rats. Three different ratios of collagen and chitosan blend (Col-CH, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were prepared to obtain the most effective Col-CH gel for burn wound healing and were compared to the animals treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment. Healing burn wound was studied by measuring wound surface area with Image J and histopathologic examination was carried out based on the mean of epithelialization, fibroblastic cells, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, structure collagen and the amount of collagen on days 15 and 25 post-burn.
Results
The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that the extracted collagen was type I and it was composed of two α (α1 and α2) chains. Amino acid analysis showed a much higher glaycin content in extracted collagen which amounted to one-third of the total amino. The wound surface measurement showed a significant reduction in wound size in the group treated with Col-CH (3:1) compared to silver-sulfadiazine treated group on 15th and 25th days. Histopathological findings represented a high score in epithelialization, collagen, collagen structure, fibroblast cell and a decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration in Col-CH (3:1) treated group on 25th day. The most obvious finding of the present study is that chitosan-collagen gel (3:1) represented a better efficacy compared to sulfadiazine in burn wound healing on day 25 post-burn.
... Although several topical preparations are present on the market for management of wounds and burn-wounds, there is still an obvious lack of suitable drugs since most of the available products have antimicrobial activity rather than a wound healing effect. In addition, they can lead to probable negative effects on healing and even toxicity, as in the case of silver sulfadiazine on fibroblasts [10], neutropenia, methaemoglobinemia and renal toxicity [13,14]. Medicinal plants can act as wound healing agents because of their variety of different constituents like alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, which are potentially able to improve the healing process of wounds. ...
... Silver sulfadiazine, an antibacterial agent, introduced as the gold standard in topical burn treatment was found to cause side effects such as delaying the wound healing process [16,17], and toxicity to host cells [18]. Moreover, silver sulfadiazine has systemic complications such as neutropenia, methemoglobinemia and renal toxicity [13,14]. The silver released from its commercial products was reported to cause transient leukopenia secondary to bone marrow suppression [17] and cytotoxic effects on both keratinocytes and fibroblasts [19]. ...
Wound healing is a complex process of integrated and overlapping phases resulting in the restoration of structural and functional integrity of injured tissues. Wounds and burn wounds represent a significant burden on the patients and health care professionals worldwide. There is still an obvious lack of suitable wound healing drugs since most of the available products can have some side effects and limitations. Traditional medicine has been practiced by the indigenous people of Yemen from antiquity until today. However, many of herbal and non-herbal products, used for wounds treatment, have not been the subject of any scientific investigation. Hence, the aim of this study was to document and scientifically evaluate the claimed wound healing efficiency of twelve herbal and non-herbal remedies (nine plants, one mineral (potassium alum), one marine product (cuttlefish bone) and one animal product (honey) used in Sana’a by indigenous people to treat wounds and burns. Searching electronic databases has indicated various experimental studies demonstrating four distinct pharmacological activities (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and promoting various phases of wound healing) displayed by the raw materials, extracts, chemical groups and some isolated compounds of the studied herbal and non-herbal remedies. Moreover, it has been found that the studied remedies do not produce serious side effects and can be considered generally safe upon appropriate topical usage. This study provides scientific data that support the wound healing efficiency of the studied remedies and thus lend some scientific justification for their traditional use in Sana’a for the treatment of wounds and burns. These herbal and non-herbal remedies can be considered as leads for future materials for wound healing and therefore further experimental and clinical studies are required to validate their effectiveness and safety.
... The topical antibacterial agent SSD is used primarily as a topical cream for serious burns. SSDs have displayed antiinflammatory characteristics; they strengthen the barrier to protect the skin from infections [89]. When employed to manage RD, the overall RTOG dermatitis grade of SSD was lower than that of the control group [90]. ...
Radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) refers to a frequently occurring complication of radiation therapy. Nearly 90% of patients having received radiation therapy underwent moderate-to-severe skin reactions, severely reducing patients' quality of life and adversely affecting their disease treatment. No gold standard has been formulated for RSIs. In the present study, the mechanism of RSI and topical medications was discussed. Besides, this study can be referenced for clinicians to treat RSIs to guide subsequent clinical medicine.
... Burn wounds are prone to bacterial growth and infection (Jahromi et al., 2018). Silver-based dressing material still seems to be the finest of choice for treating burn wound injuries and infections (Shanmugasundaram et al., 2009;Heo et al., 2013;Shao et al., 2017). However, the bioavailability of the drug delivered through cream based formulation is very low due to wash out with the exudates and lower absorption resulting in frequent dressing changes that would traumatize the new epithelial surface resulting in delayed wound healing (Sano et al., 1982). ...
... A temperature-controlled soldering rod attached with a circular iron disc of 10 mm diameter was used to impose second-degree burn injury on rat models (Shanmugasundaram et al., 2009). The disc was preheated to 82°C-86°C and allowed to stand for 20 min to stabilize the temperature. ...
... The regulation of growth factors and the proteinase activity by MMP's play a dynamic role in the reconstruction of wound. So, in this study the expression of MMP during the course of healing was assessed (Shanmugasundaram et al., 2009). The level of MMP-2 and 9 was seen to be high in the samples taken on day 4 in all the groups. ...
Electrospinning of Gelatin (G) and Poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (P) incorporated with anionic drug (AgSD) loaded
hydrotalcite (L) (L-AgSD) is carried out to fabricate a nanofibrous scaffold which would recreate the native
extracellular matrix suitable for cutaneous regeneration. The L-AgSD complex was augmented into electrospun
nanofibers of diameter 100–140 nm. The physiochemical (XRD, FTIR), morphological (SEM), mechanical
(tensile strength) and biological (in vitro andin vivo) properties of the developed wound construct were studied.
Antimicrobial studies reveal the potential activity against microbial infection. Studies on drug release kinetics
demonstrate a controlled release of 86% in 72 h.In vitro biocompatibility studies using NIH 3T3fibroblast cell
line showed excellent cell adhesion and cell proliferation indicating the biocompatible nature of the scaffold. The
matrix accelerated wound healing onPseudomonasinfected burn wound induced on rat models. The tailored
matrix is promising as an impending nanohybrid construct for burn wound injuries with controlled drug release
and antibacterial activity.
... Therefore, high vancomycin concentration requires to be used in order to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the infection sites which increase the antibiotic side effects. 13,14 In most of the surgical wound, bacteria survive inside the wound and can be resistant to antibacterial therapy and subsequently they can involve deeper tissues and lead to systemic pathogenesis. The liposomal vancomycin can be used directly at the infected wound, so vancomycin can be released directly at necrotic tissue and also lead to disrupting of intracellular and extracellular MRSA. ...
Background and aim
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of surgical infection, and its resistance to numerous conventional antibiotics makes treatment difficult. Although vancomycin is often an effective agent for the initial therapy of MRSA, clinical failure sometimes occurs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop better therapies. Here, we prepared some vancomycin-loaded nanoliposomes coupled with anti-staphylococcal protein (lysostaphin) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo efficacy as a topical MRSA therapy.
Methods
Vancomycin was encapsulated in liposomes, and the coupling of lysostaphin with the surface of liposomes was carried out through cyanuric functional groups. The bactericidal efficacies and a full characterization were evaluated. To define different nanoliposomal–bacterium interactions and their bactericidal effect, flow cytometry was employed. Finally, in vivo, the topical antibacterial activity of each formulation was measured against surgical wound MRSA infection in a mouse model.
Results
High encapsulation and conjugation efficiency were achieved for all formulations. All the formulations showed a significant reduction in bacterial counts (p<0.05). The targeted liposomes more effectively suppress bacterial infection in vitro and in vivo relative to equivalent doses of untargeted vancomycin liposome. The flow cytometry results confirmed liposome–bacterium interactions, which increased during the incubation time. The maximum binding rate and the bactericidal effect were significantly higher in targeted liposomes (p<0.05) compared with control liposomes.
Conclusion
Our data suggest a novel nano-vehicle (lysostaphin-conjugated coupled liposomal vancomycin) which could be used as a great topical antimicrobial construct for treatment of MRSA skin infections.
