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Schematic diagram of desulfurization of stabilization gases by ACHG-KSM method: K-1) extractor; H-1, H-2) pumps; X-1) refrigerator; T-1) heater; P-1) regenerator; E-1) tank for storage and preparation of alkaline solution.
Source publication
Processes involving the removal of sulfur compounds from gases and liquid petroleum products are analyzed. Economic expediency
of the implementation of low-waste methods of demercaptanization of gases, gasoline and kerosene cuts, gas condensates, and
light crudes with the polymeric catalyst KSM is substantiated. A complex desulfurization flow plan,...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... rendering of the high-molecular mercaptans and some of the organic sulfides, which remain in the condensate (or crude) harmless by oxidation in accordance with the Demer-KSP method (see Fig. 3); and, For small volumes of stabilization gases and a low hydrogen-sulfide content (Fig. 5), they can be treated by the method of desulfurization of associated casing-head gas on KSM catalysts (ACHG-KSM): chemosorption of the hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans by an alkaline solution. The sulfide-and mercaptide-saturated alkaline solution is regenerated by atmospheric oxidation on an KSM catalyst with periodic withdrawal of some ...
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Citations
... A characteristic of the last decade is the increased recovery and processing of hydrocarbon feedstock (HCF) with growing concentrations of mercaptans and total sulfur [1,2]. Due to the increased recovery of high-sulfur petroleums, the problems of removing sulfur compounds (including mercaptans) with elevated corrosion activity [3], toxicity, fetid odor, and capacity for poisoning catalysts [4], accelerating the wear of the process equipment and petroleum and gas pipelines, and inflicting environmental damage [5], are highly relevant. On the other hand, the high chemical activity of mercaptans allows us to remove them from HCF in a number of ways under milder conditions, compared to other sulfur compounds [6,7]. ...
... This situation can be convincingly illustrated by the example of hydrogen sulfide, which is known to be a toxic and corrosive substance, the content of which in the residual products of the secondary processing of high-sulfur raw materials often exceeds the established regulatory requirements [9,10]. For example, in the process of atmospheric distillation of high-sulfur gas condensate, the residue of atmospheric distillation (straight-run fuel oil) is obtained, containing the sulfur waste hydrogen sulfide and thiols, which are used as the main components of commercial fuel oil for heating. ...
... The further utilization of hydrogen sulfide and thiols into various useful sulfur-containing compounds depends on the processing method. One of them is the chemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and thiols in an organic medium using one-electron oxidants, sterically hindered o-benzoquinones (9). This variant leaded to the production of elemental sulfur and alkyldisulfides of a symmetric structure, which are separated for the purposeful use of alkyl disulfides and the attraction of sulfur in the three-component organic synthesis (11). ...
A logical-informational model of energy resource-efficient chemical technology for the utilization of hydrogen sulfide and low molecular alkanethiols, which are toxic and difficult to remove sulfur components of residual fuel (fuel oil), is proposed. Based on the IDEF1 methodology and existing knowledge about the technological processes of the demercaptanization of various hydrocarbon raw materials (oils, gas condensates), a scheme for the production of organic sulfur compounds from sulfur waste extracted from fuel oil has been modeled. For a sufficiently complete removal of hydrogen sulfide and low molecular weight alkanethiols, energy- and resource-saving stages of the technological process have been developed, which are implemented by ultrasonic and/or magnetic treatment of fuel oil. It is proposed to use the combined action of two alternative methods of processing fuel oil to increase the efficiency of cleaning fuel oil from sulfur components. For the first time, an approach has been developed to utilize unwanted sulfuric impurities contained in fuel oil by involving electric and microwave synthesis in green technological processes, to obtain practically useful organic sulfur compounds with biological activity. It is shown that the use of one-electron oxidant thiols and hydrogen sulfide in organic media leads to the synthesis of organic disulfides and elemental sulfur. Indirect (with the use of mediators) electrosynthesis contributes to the cyclic conduct of the technological process, an increase in efficiency and a decrease in energy consumption compared to the direct (on electrodes) initiation of sulfur components.
... The author concluded that the alkaline desulfurization is more effective in removing the pyritic sulfur from the coal. Akhmadullina et al. [14] conducted an analysis of the most existing methods employed for the demercaptanization of light hydrocarbon stock (LHCS) utilizing alkali oxides, hydroxides and salts. Demirbas et al. [15] presented strategies for crude oil desulfurization evaluated by reviewing desulfurization literature. ...
... The outcomes of a significant amount of research devoted to the problem of DF desulphurization are partially reflected in review articles and thesis researches having been published since the 2000s [1,2,4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. ...
... [12] Transition metal phthalocyanines (mainly cobalt phthalocyanine CoPc) are among the most popular and often studied catalysts for sodium sulfide oxidation. [13][14][15] The majority of the studies, reported in the current literature, have been carried out in a homogeneous phase. Heterogeneous catalysts offer undoubtedly a better technological solution to this problem. ...
The activity of heterogeneous catalysts of transition metal oxides and their mixtures deposited on the polymeric matrix in the oxidation of sodium sulfide was investigated. It is shown that mixtures of manganese oxide and other transition metal oxides have high catalytic activity. It was evident that the positive synergistic effect occurred in the combined action of two or more catalytically active transition metal oxides, and the maximum effect was observed in the mixture of three catalytic agents of transition metal oxides. Catalytic mechanism of transition metal oxides for sulfide oxidation was studied. The kinetics of formation of products of sodium sulfide oxidation was studied in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts based on phthalocyanine cobalt and transition metal oxides. The dependence of the rate of formation of products of sodium sulfide oxidation on alkali concentration was investigated. Some factors influencing the oxidation rate such as sulfide, oxygen and alkaline concentrations, antioxidant and oxidation products were investigated.
... Heterogeneous catalysts of transition metals combined with polymeric phthalocyanine have been applied for the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds. [5][6][7][8] Polymeric metal phthalocyanines and cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonates coordinately bound to polymers have been observed to be more effective than conventional cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonate catalysts. [4,9] However, the synthesis of metal phthalocyanines is time consuming [10][11][12] and cobalt phthalocyanine is too expensive for large-scale applications. ...
We investigate the physicomechanical properties of polymeric heterogeneous catalysts of transition-metal oxides, specifically, the specific surface area, elongation at break, breaking strength, specific electrical resistance, and volume resistivity. Digital microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis are used to study the surfaces of the catalysts. The experimental results show that polymeric heterogeneous catalysts of transition-metal oxides exhibit high stability and can maintain their catalytic activity under extreme reaction conditions for long-term use. The oxidation mechanism of sulfur-containing compounds in the presence of polymeric heterogeneous catalysts of transition-metal oxides is confirmed. Microstructural characterization of the catalysts is performed by using X-ray computed tomography. The activity of various catalysts in the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds is determined. We demonstrate the potential application of polymeric heterogeneous catalysts of transition-metal oxides in industrial wastewater treatment.
... Temperature, °C b c d technologies provide for additional removal of alkali from the product, regeneration of the alkali, and salvaging of the liquid wastes, which makes the processes more expensive. A r e l a t i v e l y n e w t e c h n o l o g y o f o x i d a t i v e d e m e r c a p t a n i z a t i o n b a s e d o n t h e u s e o f t h e catalyst MARC [14] is proposed. This technology makes it possible to perform demercaptanization directly in the flow of the petroleum product without introducing an alkali solution. ...
New heterogeneous catalytic systems based on Mn–Fe- and Co–Fe-organic cluster compounds deposited on water-free clinoptilolite
which manifest high activity in the course of demercaptanization of petroleum and petroleum products have been developed.
Key wordscatalyst–mercaptans–hydrogen sulfide–thiophene–demercaptanization
New photosensitizers based on tetracarboxy- and octacarboxy- ZnPc derivatives conjugated to natural polymers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are proposed. The tetracarboxy- and octacarboxy- ZnPc powders prepared by the direct condensation and hydrolysis were conjugated to chitosan (Ch). The ZnPc(COOH)4 and ZnPc(COOH)8 powders were solubilized in DMSO:H2O mixture solvent, ratio 1:1 and then self-assembled with degraded chitosan solution. The resulting ZnPc(COOH)4/Ch and ZnPc(COOH)8/Ch solutions were used for the investigation of the some photophysics properties. The UV-Vis spectra of both solutions show Q broad bands red shifted in comparison with unsubstituted of ZnPc in DMSO solution. At the excitation of the ZnPc(COOH)4/Ch with 643…702 nm a single band structure centered at 710 nm was revealed. For the (ZnPc(COOH)8/Ch, at the excitation with 363 nm and 707 nm the band centered only at 480 nm was observed. The fluorescence decay of (ZnPc(COOH)8/Ch shows 2.04 ns and 9.54 ns lifetimes of excited states, while for ZnPc(COOH)4/Ch indicates 2.77 ns.
This work is the first to assess the effect of the nature of the alkyl substituent of mercaptans, the concentration of the absorbent and the temperature on the chemosorption processes from isooctane. The temperature range of the experiment was from 30 to 70°C. The most effective absorption was observed at an alkali concentration of 1.91 to 9.3 mol/l and at 30 ÷ 70 °C. Low molecular weight ethyl mercaptan is effectively sorbed by 9.3 mol/l alkali, propyl mercaptan and butyl mercaptan - by 3.85 mol/l alkali, and branched isopropyl and isobutyl mercaptans by 3.85 mol/l alkali. Experiment times were 5 minutes.
