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Teeth are good indicators of environmental exposure to heavy metals and of nutritional status. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to compare the content of trace elements in primary and permanent teeth. For this purpose, primary teeth were collected from 64 children and 112 permanent teeth were collected from 40-to 60-ye...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... pulp occupies the centre of each tooth and consists of soft connective tissue (Fig. 1). Adult individuals normally have 32 pulp organs in the permanent teeth, while primary teeth contain 20 pulp organs. 16 The primary and permanent teeth pulps have a number of characteristics that are morphologically similar. Each pulp organ resides in a pulp chamber that is surrounded by dentin and which contains the peripheral ...
Citations
... The standard solutions were made by a chemist and included roughly 1000 µg/ml of the specific element. For every ingredient that needed to be examined, the standard solutions were diluted appropriately to create the working standard solutions [6]. Sample analysis: Three analytical techniques were used: First, we used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (JMS-01222, JOEL-Japan). ...
... As a result, the concentrations of (Ba) and (Sr) were depleted in the various areas. In this study primary teeth were collected from 5 to 12 years old children and permanent teeth from 12 to 18 years old adults the same was done by Shashikiran et al., [4] while Amr and Helal, [6] used primary teeth collected from 5 to 12 years old children and permanent teeth from 12 to 40 years old adults which were far from the main interest in pedodontics. Sample preparation and wet ashing were the same in all studies that measured trace element concentrations in enamel samples [4,8,10,11]. ...
... Sample preparation and wet ashing were the same in all studies that measured trace element concentrations in enamel samples [4,8,10,11]. Many studies [4,10,12,13] Halling et al. [12], (Burguera et al., [13] Tanaka et al., [10] and Shashikiran et al., [4] carried out Sample analysis using atomic absorption spectrometry as it was time-consuming for large routine scale analysis and very wide-spread technique, while Amr and Helal, [6] and Hare et al., [14] used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry as It is an effective method that enables the multi-element ultra-trace analysis of a large range of samples, others Gierat-Kucharzewska et al., [15] Falla-Soteloet al., [3] and Gierat-Kucharzewska and Karasiński, [16] used X-ray fluorescence gaining The advantages that there is no need for sample preparation (the material can simply be placed in the beam), and that it is a nondestructive technique. In the present study, sample analysis were carried out by three analytical techniques for the same samples to gain the benefits and overcome the disadvantages of each technique alone. ...
Introduction: The crown of the tooth is coated in dental enamel, the toughest substance in the human body and is made up of many trace elements and small inorganic substances in various amounts. It is still early to determine how crucial trace elements are to preventing and reducing tooth caries. Aim: The present in vitro study aimed to investigate and compare some trace element concentrations (Ba, Sr, Ni, and Ti) in carious and sound enamel of permanent and primary teeth. Methodology: This study investigates and compares some trace element concentrations (Ba, Sr, Ni, and Ti) in the sound and carious enamel of primary and permanent teeth. A total of 50 primary teeth and 75 permanent teeth. The specimens were allocated into four groups: Group A: 25 sound primary teeth. Group B: 25 carious primary teeth. Group C: 25 sound permanent teeth. Group D: 25 carious permanent teeth. Sample preparation and wet ashing were undertaken, and finally, sample analysis was carried out by three analytical techniques: (XRF), (AAS) and (ICP-MS). Results: there was a remarkable variance between the groups regarding Ba, Sr, and Ti mass% (P <0.01). There was a substantial difference between the groups regarding Ba, Sr, and Ti concentration (P <0.01). Conclusion: (Sr) was higher in sound permanent teeth than in sound primary teeth and more in all carious groups. Also (Ba) was higher in carious teeth therefore (Ba) was positively associated with caries. (Ti) are positively associated with caries.
... With the increased use of lasers in dentistry, the LIBS technique has been used in several dental applications, such as elemental analysis of teeth and amalgam, detection and removal of caries. The elemental composition of dental tissue can be analyzed with techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) [12,13] and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [14], which provide outstanding limits of detection (LOD) for analyte concentrations. However, these are methods that require the decomposition of the material in appropriate mineral acids, which may result in the loss of important elements. ...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using the originally developed Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) laboratory setup for the qualitative analysis of human tooth tissues and tooth restorations. Plasma was induced by the infrared TEA (Transversally Excited Atmospheric) CO2 laser in the air under atmospheric pressure. Optical emission spectra with sharp and well-resolved spectral lines and a negligibly low background were obtained. The results of the qualitative analysis showed the presence of various elements in the tooth tissues (P, Ca, and Mg), as well as trace elements within restorations such as Zn, Sn, Cu, Ag, and Hg. The estimated temperatures of plasma for composite, dentin, and amalgam were 21,000 K, 16,200 K, and 13,300 K respectively. The electron density deduced from the Stark-broadening line profiles varies from 8.5 × 10¹⁷ cm− 3 for amalgam, 2 × 10¹⁸ cm− 3 for composite, and 1.9 × 10¹⁸ cm− 3 for dentin. The surface of the tooth tissue was imaged with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), showing that dentin contains pores, cavities and bubbles. The results indicated that the alternative and cost-effective LIBS system can be used as a useful tool for further research on laser-induced plasma in dentistry. These insights are useful in the field of laser dentistry, where lasers are commonly utilized to treat teeth.
... Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is an exquisitely sensitive method for the detection of very low concentrations of elements relevant to toxicology in biological and other samples [15]. More importantly for the current study, ICP-MS is well accepted to evaluate metal levels in oral tissues and saliva, as well as the leaching of metals from relevant materials [11,12,16,17]. Cell death and altered proliferation are important markers for cytotoxicity, and most relevant bioassays entail measurements of global changes in populations of cultured mammalian cells [18]. ...
Subtle toxic effects may be masked in traditional assays that average or summate the response of thousands of cells. We overcome this by using the recent method of single cell tracking in time-lapse recordings. This follows the fate and behavior of individual cells and their progeny and provides unambiguous results for multiple simultaneous biological responses. Further, single cell tracking permits correlation between progeny relationships and cell behavior that is not otherwise possible, including disruption by toxins and toxicants of similarity between paired sister cells. Notably, single cell tracking seems not to have been previously used to study biomaterials toxicity. The culture medium was pre-conditioned by 79 days incubation with orthodontic brackets from seven separate commercial sources. Metal levels were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Metal levels varied amongst conditioned media, with elevated Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu and often Mo, Pb, Zn, Pd, and Ag were occasionally found. The effect on human dermal fibroblasts was determined by single cell tracking. All bracket-conditioned media reduced cell division (p < 0.05), while some reduced cell migration (p < 0.05). Most bracket-conditioned media increased the rate of asynchronous sister cell division (p < 0.05), a seemingly novel measure for toxicity. No clear effect on cell morphology was seen. We conclude that orthodontic brackets have cytotoxic effects, and that single cell tracking is effective for the study of subtle biomaterials cytotoxicity.
... It is a multi resolution decomposition technique and uses the deterministic features of the teeth. A Circular Hough Transform to reveal teeth boundaries and DCT as a feature extractor is used in [7]. Off gaze images are worked on by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which helps to solve the limitations of Gabor filters in [8]. ...
Biometric authentication system uses some technique that measures the physical and biological characteristics of human to identify individuals and thus provide security to a system against fraud or intrusion. Common biometric authentication processes are vulnerable and possibility for imitation. Teeth are an important biological entity that plays a major role in forensic research to identify an individual whom cannot be identified visually. There are different algorithms used in biometric authentication. This paper proposes a unique method to recognize the human teeth by using a combination of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to extract significant features and an improved version of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) for feature selection is employed to search the feature vector space in order to obtain optimal feature subset to increase the performance rate. A combination of image pre-processing techniques like background removal, gamma intensity correction and Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter are used to help in correct feature extraction. Using the shift invariance property of DFT, a circular feature extraction technique and the energy compaction property of DCT, a circular sector feature extraction method is presented. Experimental results on IvisionLab/dental-image standard database are shown which exhibit promising performance of the teeth recognition system.
... Shojaeepour et al. [13] used 2 M hydrochloric acid for assessment of iron adsorption by AAS. However, we used 65% nitric acid for complete dissolution of specimens [26,27]. The reported rate of elements present in the tooth structure is widely variable in the literature ranging from 0 to 157 ppm or even higher; this variability depends on the age, geographical location, race and many other factors [28]. ...
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the color change of primary teeth following exposure to an experimentally synthesized liposomal nano-encapsulated ferrous sulfate drop compared with the commercially iron drops.
Materials and methods
In this in-vitro study, liposomal nano-encapsulated ferrous sulfate (lipo-nano-ferr) drop was first synthesized. Next, 110 extracted primary anterior teeth were randomized into two equal groups (sound and demineralized). Each group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (n = 11) and exposed to Irofant, Feroglobin, Sideral, and lipo-nano-ferr drops for 540 cycles. One subgroup was remained in artificial saliva as the negative control. Tooth color was analyzed before and after the interventions visually, and the rate of iron adsorption was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy/scanning electron microcopy (EDS/SEM). Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and LSD test.
Results
Iron adsorption was significantly higher by the demineralized specimens than the sound specimens in all subgroups (P < 0.001). A significant difference was noted in iron adsorption among the four subgroups in each of the sound and demineralized groups (P < 0.001). Iron adsorption in the lipo-nano-ferr subgroup was significantly lower than that in Irofant and Feroglobin groups (P < 0.001). The visual inspection results were similar to AAS results. EDS-SEM showed that the atomic percentage of iron in Sideral and lipo-nano-ferr groups was significantly lower than that in Irofant and Feroglobin groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Use of nano-encapsulation technology in production of iron drops can significantly decrease the resultant tooth discoloration, causing a clinically negligible color change.
... The fluoride also has a positive correlation with cadmium reaching to 0.305 and this element founded in emigrates, phosphate fertilizers, minerals waste, dyes industry, also present as trace amount in food (e.g. vegetables, potato, wheat and barley) also presented in liver and kidney tissue, this element has a connection with dental caries and this fact explain the relation of dental caries with content of Cd inside the tooth (Arora et al., 2008;Amr and Helal, 2010). ...
The study involved the determination of fluoride and other elements like Mn, Na, Mg, Si, K, Ca, Fe, Al, Cl and some trace elements (Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sr, As, Co, Cu, Mo and Se) in 220 teeth samples with age group ranging from 6-45 year. The average concentration of fluoride in samples were less than the global average, and the total contents of fluoride in the children deciduous teeth are relatively higher than that of permanent teeth. The infection rate of dental caries in children seen in age between 6-11 years and increasing after the age of 12 due to certain environmental factors, age, water and food quality, so there is a strong relationship between the rising amount of fluoride concentration in the area and reducing the rate of dental caries. The study also determines the different limits and importantly the optimum value of fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kirkuk City which is done by correlation with the mean value of the maximum daily temperature of the city over the last five years, and also taking in consideration that human gets the fluoride from a different source such as food, air and tooth paste, so we correlate our finding with the rate of fluoride taken from other sources which not greater than 6mg/day, according to World Health Organization (WHO), in order to avoid the hyper fluorosis (excess fluoride).
... The elements of Pb and As were traced only in ancient teeth, and the detection of elements like Ba, Se, and Te was limited to modern teeth only. Results show that present study results are consistent with previously published research [42][43][44][45]. The presence of some toxic elements like Pb and As in ancient teeth may be due to military affiliations of the victims or due to actual variations in their dietary sources, environmental exposures. ...
Teeth store crucial information needed for medical, environmental, genomics, public health, and forensic anthropological research work. The prolonged forensic utility of teeth is ensured by their extended postmortem longevity as they can resist almost all sorts of chemical, biological, and physical degradations or destructions. The main aim of the present investigation was to utilize the discriminant functions and regression equations generated from the elemental profile of known teeth for estimating sex and age of unknown human skeletal remains excavated from an abandoned well at Ajnala (Amritsar, India). The written records mentioned that 282 Indian mutineer soldiers were killed in July 1857, their cadavers were dumped in the disused well, and then a religious structure was built over the periphery of the said well. These human remains, along with some contextual items, were excavated non-scientifically in April 2014. Preliminary results obtained from application of different forensic anthropological techniques like stable isotope, pulp-tooth area ratio, and mtDNA analyses have indicated that these remains belonged to adult males. In present study, the elemental concentrations of 100 mandibular molars of known age and sex were estimated from wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer (WD-XRF) analyzer. The statistical equations so generated from elemental concentrations of known teeth were applied to estimate the probable age and the sex of unknown mandibular teeth (N = 100) collected from Ajnala skeletal assemblage. The elements Pb and As were detected in ancient teeth only whereas the detection of elements like Ba, Se, and Te was limited to modern teeth samples only. When the statistical equations so generated were applied to elemental concentrations of Ajnala teeth, it was found that 96% teeth belonged to adult males and the remaining ones were classified to be that of females. Though sexual differences were observed in concentrations of majority of elements, statistically significant differences were found in elemental concentrations of very few teeth. Age estimates of unknown teeth were found in the age ranges of 19 to 48 years. Thus, the trace elemental analysis results supported the written records that the victims were adult males. The cross-validated application of elemental profiles of known teeth for establishing the identity of unknown teeth is the first forensic anthropological study reported from India. Though the obtained accuracy levels were not found within acceptable forensic threshold limits, the present study results may guide future researches involving human hard tissues. It may be concluded that trace elemental concentrations of teeth may be influenced by the factors like age and sex of an individual and thus cannot be used for accurate and reliable forensic sex or age estimations. Dental trace elemental composition can be used as a forensic tool only if used in conjunction with other morphological or molecular analysis of the unknown dental remains.
... [3] Hence, both qualitative and quantitative detection is essential. Several techniques have been developed for analyzing teeth including laser-induced fluorescence [4], polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography [5], optical path-length spectroscopy [6], cone beam computed tomography [7], and digital radiography [7], inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) [8] and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) [9], etc. In such techniques, the whole tooth or a part of the tooth has to be taken for examination, resulting in loss of information regarding the relationship between spatial location and concentration. ...
... Factors that influence metal bioaccumulation include nourishment, chemical forms of the metal and their binding sites, age, sex, genetic inheritance, and environmental quality (Nowak and Kozłowski 1998). The presence and absence of trace elements in the environment influence their availability to humans ( Brown et al. 2004;Amr and Helal 2010). Certain metals are necessary for proper bodily function. ...
The main purpose of this study was to identify the concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) and some metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in tooth samples collected from humans living in the Rize province of Turkey. It was found that the activity concentrations ranged from 8.1 to 114.51 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra, from 10.44 to 97.3 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²³²Th and from 14.53 to 489.27 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K. The mean activity concentration values of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in tooth samples were higher than the average world values for bones. Furthermore, when the metal concentrations were examined, there was no regular increase or decrease according to age or sex. The results of the metal analysis on the tooth samples were compared with the results of similar studies and were generally found to be consistent.
... The remaining section of each tooth (i.e. not prepared for microhardness testing) was digested to detect Pb levels, using modifications of the method described by Amr and Helal (2010) to meet equipment specifications, by the Trace Metals Unit at the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories. The concentrations of Pb were optimized using a standard 193 lr solution at a concentration of 10 ppb in 2% HNO 3 . ...
... In contrast to results from an animal model which suggested that Pb exposure during enamel formation results in decreased microhardness thus potentially increasing risk of dental decay, we found no association between Pb levels and tooth microhardness in 46 exfoliated human primary teeth. The Pb levels observed here are lower, but overlap in range to those reported in a 2010 Egyptian study of 64 healthy primary teeth, where the average levels were 1200 AE 840 ppb (range 340e4,010) [18]. This may be due to the relatively small sample size included in each study and differences in exposure between the United States and Egypt. ...
Objectives
Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with dental caries. Whether Pb affects tooth microhardness, is unclear. Our objective was to assess whether Pb concentration is associated with microhardness.
Methods
Exfoliated primary teeth were collected from 46 volunteers. Teeth were sectioned, one half of each tooth was tested for enamel Knoop microhardness. The remaining half was digested and Pb measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer.
Results
The correlations between Pb levels and microhardness were very low, and were not statistically significant at p < 0.05.
Conclusions
Previous exposure to high levels of Pb was not associated with decreased tooth microhardness.
Clinical significance
This study assessed whether Pb in deciduous teeth is associated with tooth microhardness. As this was not the case, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms behind the association between lead exposure and tooth decay.
