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In this paper a detailed performance analysis between two different models of Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) is performed. The first type being the normal Distributed Power Flow Controller using batteries and the second type obtained by utilizing an extra three phase converter in place of the batteries. The system in study is a Hybrid Sol...
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... shunt controller structure is shown in Fig. 5. The shunt converter injects a 3 rd harmonic current into the line by utilizing the neutral of a star-delta transformer as shown in Fig. 4. The series converters (numbered 1, 2, and 3) absorb the 3 rd harmonic content from the line. The leftover harmonic current is passed through the second star-delta transformer by connecting its neutral to the ground. The control structure takes I3dref and I3qref as the reference ...
Citations
... Work on simulations is done. [5] To maintain and enhance the quality and reliability of the power supply, new techniques for the operation and administration of the electrical grid are required due to the growing use of distributed generators and renewable energy sources. [6] In India, 37.5 GW of wind energy and 42.8 GW of solar energy were produced in the last few years, while Sri Lanka has more than 100 MW of installed solar capacity and more than 367 MW of total wind capacity. ...
... With the simulated power system used in their investigation, [4] the overall amplitude of voltage sag and swell of line RMS voltage at PCC were also noted. [5] It is evident from the proposed system's prototype hardware model that the inclusion of a controller raises the voltage at the PCC by 29.11%. [6] The integrating of renewable sources of energy into the grid is greatly aided by the modern power-electronic technologies. ...
For India's modernization and urbanization, the need for energy is increasing extremely quickly. Because they are abundant in nature, renewable energy sources might be viewed as more advantageous than traditional ones. Both solar and wind energy are abundant and may be regarded as reliable sources of energy production. For the modernization of isolated areas and the electrification of rural areas, hybrid solar and wind energy systems can be deployed. This work does simulation of a hybrid solar and wind power system that is linked to the grid. For this study, a simulated model is utilized to determine the sag, swell, source voltage, source current. Solar-generated dc electricity is transformed into ac power using a universal converter. The benefit of using universal inverter is used to raise the system's overall power quality and get the Uninterruptible power supplies.
... It consists of a two-converter series converter and an a-shunt converter, as shown in Fig. 5. A series converter is used to provide voltage harmonic compensation, and a shunt converter is used for current harmonic compensation for the load and microgrid [27]. This inverter control diagram was designed based on the current controllers in a double loop. ...
The main aim of this paper is to introduce a framework for the design and modelling of a photovoltaic (PV)-wind hybrid system and its control strategies. The purpose of these control techniques is to regulate continuous changes in the operational requirements of the hybrid system;currently, in power system networks, the distribution of energy plays a major role in maintaining power reliability in distribution systems. In this study, the proposed hybrid system was incorporated with a combined PV and wind energy system. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been proposed to achieve maximum efficiency from the designed system. In addition, this study focused on improving the stability of the hybrid system. To improve the power quality and transient stability of the proposed system, we introduce a novel control strategy called the distributed power flow controller (DPFC) implementation with an optimization technique called the lion optimization algorithm(LOA)technique. This LOA control technique was developed for the first time in the application of a DPFC controller in a grid-connected system. The control technique was developed using signals from the system parameters, that is, voltage and current. To tune these parameters, this study used fuzzy logic and lion optimization techniques. The proposed system with controllers was tested in MATLAB/Simulink and the results were compared.
... Electrical circuit models are the most widely used because they are able to describe the battery behavior with the help of electric elements. The common used representatives of electric equivalent circuit models of batteries are presented in Figure 7 [28,29]. The parameters of these circuit models are determined by the producers at the assumptions of normal states of battery operation. ...
... It is possible to add more RC networks to the battery model for improving model's accuracy, but it causes the increase of model complexity. In improved models, a dependence of the network elements on the SOC value was also proposed to achieve higher accuracy [29]. ...
... The circuit model of battery directly describes the behavior of a battery with using only terminal voltage, open circuit voltage, internal resistance, dis/charge current, and state of charge. This battery model is described by the following equations [29]: (20) where: vOC0-no load battery voltage; K-polarization voltage; Q-battery capacity; Aexponential component amplitude; B-time constant inverse; Rin-battery internal resistance. ...
The aim of the paper is the study of the Hybrid Renewable Energy System, which is consisted of two types of renewable energy systems (wind and sun) and is combined with storage energy system (battery). The paper presents the classification and review of architectures of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems. The considered Hybrid Renewable Energy System was designed as a multi-converter system with gearless Wind Turbine driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and with a Photovoltaic Array and Battery Energy System. The mathematical models of individual elements of a complex Hybrid Renewable Energy System were described. In the control of both systems of Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Photovoltaic array, the algorithms of Maximum Power Point Tracking have been implemented for higher efficiency of energy conversion. The energy storage in the battery has been managed by the control system of a bidirectional DC/DC converter. For the control of the Machine Side Converter and Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, the vector control method has been implemented. In the control system of the Grid Side Converter, the advanced method of Direct Power Control has been applied. The energy management strategies for optimal flows of electrical energy between individual systems of considered hybrid renewable energy system are developed and described. In order to determine the operation of proposed control systems, the simulation studies have been performed for different conditions of operation of individual elements of the complex hybrid system. The considered control methods and energy management strategies were tested thorough simulation studies for different wind speed variations, different sun irradiations, and different local load demands. The performed simulations are of practical importance in terms of proper operation requirements, design selection of components and energy management of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems.
In this work, a relative inspection is performed with distributed power flow controller (DPFC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) connected to a solar–wind hybrid system. The hybrid system consists of dual sources for renewable energy as solar and wind. Solar generation system followed by a boost converter is useful to raise the level of DC power from the solar energy. On the other hand, wind generation system followed by a diode rectifier and boost converter amplifies the energy received from wind source. Now DC obtained from both the sources is coupled to a common DC bus to get the DC link voltage which eventually is applied as input to the grid side two-level voltage source inverter (VSI). The grid side demands control actions and monitoring perfectly due to the presence of distortions, noise, power losses, etc. Reactive elements reduce these problems up to a certain extent, but it increases the possibility of sub-synchronous resonance phenomenon and extra inductive and capacitive losses. Moreover, the power factor is also affected considerably. Thanks to the emerging FACTS technology, which controls as well as increases the utilization of transmission lines to its full thermal limits. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the latest FACTS devices available today. It controls the power flow through the lines by varying line inductances, transmission angles and voltage magnitude. The disadvantage of UPFC is its immensely high rated three-phase series–shunt converters and the increased ripple content in output grid voltages and currents. These problems are overcome by a newly invented FACTS device, namely distributed power flow controller (DPFC), which uses small single-phase series and shunt converters. The paper studies the effect of incorporating UPFC and DPFC to hybrid solar–wind system. Additionally, working principle of both the devices was presented. At the end, results from MATLAB simulation are used to support the claim of DPFC being superior to UPFC.
KeywordsRenewable systemFACTS devicesDPFCUPFCSolar PV systemWind energy systemHybrid generation system
This paper provides a novel view of using the UPQC (Unified Quality Power Flow Controller) for voltage sag mitigation using Fruit Fly optimization (FFO) control component designed to compensate Real and Reactive Power for a hybrid system and discuss improved hybrid stability. Detailed analysis of the small-line signal of the hybrid model PV-Wind-battery model is considered for different loading conditions. The FFO algorithm is used to provide excellent performance for varying duty cycles. The simulation results show that UPQC has the ability to improve transmission capabilities and is very useful to use. The voltage is compensated 90% using the UPQC-based FFO algorithm. The proposed system also provides a minimum amount of complete harmonic distortion. The simulation results based on MATLAB / Simulink are supported to support the improved concept.
Renewable techniques have become more appealing for producing energy in village and moderately village regions because they reduce degradation of environment and provide a plentiful supply of free and environmental energy. Several research works have been carried out all over the planet to assess and investigate the feasibility of hybrid renewable resources (combination of two or more) with the electricity generation for usage in diverse implementation and livelihoods. An explanation of photovoltaic renewable energy systems is demonstrated in this paper.
