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An efficient method for growing carbon nanotubes (CNT s ) on the surface of continuously moving carbon fibres has been developed by a unique open-ended chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the morphological characteristics of CNTs grown on carbon fibre surfaces, and high-resolution transmiss...
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... experiment described in this paper was carried out using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers provided by Toray Inc. After removing the sizing agents at 450° C in an inert gas atmosphere for 90 mins, the continuous process involved in growing CNTs on carbon fiber surfaces is shown in figure 1. The carbon fibers were first electrochemically oxidized with current intensity of 0.4 A to promote uniform coating of the catalyst precursor. ...
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... A higher activation energy leads to the formation of more domains that are graphitic, with this possibly attributed to an improvement in the electrical conductivity of the porous carbon samples. [48][49][50][51] XPS measurements reveal that all of the starfish-derived porous carbon samples are N-doped. Ndoping provides the lone pair electron of nitrogen to improve the electron mobility of the porous carbon. ...
Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) can be used in broad applications, including portable electronics, high-power tools, and transportation. Such systems require more sustainable materials and a boosting of their electrochemical performance. Here, starfish, as an unusable destroyer of marine ecosystems, are transformed into functional nitrogen-doped carbon materials with high porosity toward high-performance EDLC electrodes. The synthesized starfish-derived carbon exhibits a surface area of up to 3122 m ² /g, a specific capacitance of up to 295.7 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and capacitance retention of 81.5% upon an increase in current density from 0.5 to 10 A/g.
Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are promising energy storage systems for large-scale applications. However, owing to the large diameter of K⁺, these batteries show limited electrochemical performance, particularly in terms of cycling stability. Thus, it is essential to design novel electrode materials for practical applications of KIBs. In this study, novel N-doped porous carbon nanofibers embedded with ultrafine ZnSe nanocrystals were successfully prepared as an advanced anode material for KIBs via electrospinning of a Zn-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) and subsequent thermal treatment. Numerous mesopores were generated within the nanofibers by the transformation of ZIF-8 nanoparticles into a hollow carbon frame during thermal treatment. The unique 1D structure provided sufficient active sites for K⁺ storage, shortened the diffusion path for ions, and enhanced the structural robustness of the electrode. The N-doped carbon matrix also effectively alleviated the mechanical stress in the ZnSe nanocrystals and improved the electrical conductivity. Consequently, the 1D porous nanostructured electrodes exhibited excellent long-term cycling stability for 1000 cycles when tested as anodes for KIBs, with a reversible capacity of 270 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and a high-rate capacity of 139 mA h g⁻¹ at 2.0 A g⁻¹.
