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Scatter plot of 61 samples of Conocephalum conicum s.l. (41 of C. conicum –circles, and 20 of C. salebrosum –squares) in the 1 st and 2 nd PCA axes explaining 87.26% of total variation included in the 22
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Detailed analysis of 270 specimens of Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort., mainly from the POZW Herbarium revealed some diagnostic differences between two cryptic species originally detected on the basis of isozyme studies. Several diagnostic characters were found in the structure of the archegoniophore, sporophyte and sterile thallus. The most relia...
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... significantly with respect to 11 quantitative characters (Table 3). The PCA of 61 fertile samples based on 22 quantitative characters shows the existence of a distinct morpho-anatomical gap between the studied species. The studied samples were divided into two distinct groups corresponding to groups delimited on the basis of isozyme analyses (Fig. 2). The characters most strongly correlated with the 1 st PCA axis were 15, 2, 4, 3 and with the 2 nd PCA axis 20, 16, thus these characters were recognized as diagnostic ones (Table 3). Statistically significant Mahalanobis' distance between the species equal to 44.99 (p £ 0.001) and Length of thallus ''-'' ...
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... strong correlation between features of the archegoniophore and sterile thallus was also observed. All plants of cryptic species S had a longer stomatal apparatus in the archegoniophore 'head', were dull and had an uneven thallus surface (Tables 2, 3; Fig. 3b). In these plants the dorsal epidermis at, the junction of the air chamber walls with the epidermis, was distinctly lowered and the highest cells of the walls were inserted between the epidermal cells (Fig. 4d). ...
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... these plants the dorsal epidermis at, the junction of the air chamber walls with the epidermis, was distinctly lowered and the highest cells of the walls were inserted between the epidermal cells (Fig. 4d). The plants identified as cryptic species L had a smaller stomatal apparatus and a smooth shiny thallus surface (Tables 2, 3; Fig. 3a). The dorsal epidermis of these plants was usually flat, the highest cells of the air chamber walls only touching the epidermal cells (Fig. 4c) fig. 1 (FI!). ...
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... salebrosum Szweykowski, Buczkowska & Odrzykoski, sp. nov. (Fig. 7.2) Diagnosis. Facies dorsalis thalli obscura et aspera, marginibus inter cavitatis aeriferis distinctissimis. Thallus parvus, (2-)3-5(-9) cm longus, 5-12 mm latus, cavitatis aeriferis 4-5, rarissime 6 in thallis magnis, in seriebus inter costam et marginem thalli dispositis, marginibus hyalinis, angustatis, cellulis plus minusve elon- ...
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... distribution. Holarctic, with known locations in Europe including Scandi- navia, East Asia (Himalaya Mts., China, Japan) and North America, see Fig. 8.2, Appendix 2 and Szweykowski and Odrzykoski (1991). In Poland a rather frequent species, occurring from the northern lowlands (Wes- tern Pomerania, Masurian Lakeland) through the central plains to the higher elevations in mountains including Tatry Mts., Sudety Mts., Beskidy, and Bieszczady Zachodnie Ridges, where it grows also above ...
Citations
... Bryophyte species were identified by standard anatomical and morphological method using light microscopy-MSP-2 var. 2 (LOMO, Russia), Leica DM 500 (LeicaMicrosystems, Germany) and Axio Scope.A1 (Zeiss, Germany) microscopes. Identification was carried out according to several keys (Schljakov 1976(Schljakov , 1979(Schljakov , 1980(Schljakov , 1981(Schljakov , 1982Paton 1999;Damsholt 2002;Ignatova 2003, 2004;Szweykowski et al. 2005;Bakalin 2005;Potemkin and Sofronova 2009;Ignatov et al. 2017Ignatov et al. , 2018Ignatov et al. , 2020. The species names follow Hodgetts et al. (2020). ...
The study of plant-substrate interaction in biocrusts has focused less on bryophytes than on other phototrophs for a long time. Many authors, however, consider it as part of early stage of primary succession. The role of various bryophyte species in redeposition of chemical elements and organic deposition is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to estimate the influence of bryophytes on sandstone weathering. The data were collected on outcrops of Devonian sandstones in three locations in Northwest Russia. Devonian sandstones are inhabited by plenty of bryophyte species, and the composition of their moss-liverwort communities depends on the mineral composition of the sandstone. Red sandstones rich in metals (aluminium, iron, potassium) are occupied mainly by mosses. 0.2% calcium oxide in the substrate composition is already sufficient for the appearance of calciphilous species in moss communities. Liverworts prefer white, generally element-poor sandstones, but some calcicolous liverwort species may inhabit red ferruginous sandstones containing more than 0.2% calcium. The analyses reveal different changes in the contain of some elements under various bryophyte-dominated crusts. The four categories of communities according to the ability to deposit calcium and other metals are given. The composition of the organic matter under different bryophyte communities was analyzed to evaluate the degree of soil formation. The content of total organic matter does not exceed 1% and does not differ between categories. However, the average content of humic acids differs significantly. The results show the lowest rates of pedogenesis under communities of calcicoles.
... The sexuality of C. pungens remains unknown since no gametangia have been observed in the Costa Rican specimen. Szweykowski et al. (2005) detected two European species within Conocephalum conicum s.l. initially on the basis of isozyme studies, but later, diagnostic characters were found in the structure of the archegoniophore, sporophyte and sterile thallus. ...
... Cryptic species of bryophytes are particularly interesting. First, they are usually detected using genetic or biochemical methods, and then their morphological diagnostic traits are recognized, e.g., in the Conocephalum conicum complex (Szweykowski et al., 2005). is was also the case with Marsupella emarginata (Ehrh.) ...
Marsupella subemarginata Bakalin & Fedosov is a semi-cryptic Eurasian species. Recently, it has been found in the Far East (Kamchatka and Japan) and Swiss Alps, as well as the Giant Mountains (Sudetes, Czech Republic). The plant was also observed in the Carpathians for the first time. A revision of the herbarium collections of M. emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. consisting of 102 specimens from the Polish and Slovak Tatra Mountains revealed the occurrence of M. subemarginata at 24 localities, eight of which were in the Polish Tatras. Most of the localities of this species were concentrated in the High Tatras, and only four sites were discovered in the Western Tatras. Marsupella subemarginata has been briefly characterized morphologically and illustrated. The habitat requirements of the species have been described in detail, and the floristic composition of its phytocoenoses has been shown in a phytosociological table consisting of 10 relevés. Marsupella subemarginata is a valuable addition to the liverwort flora of Poland and Slovakia, which currently consist of 241 and 232 species, respectively. Currently, the liverwort flora of the Tatras comprises 195 species, including 185 species in Poland and 186 species in Slovakia.
... The cryptic speciation is well known to occur in all major lineages of liverworts [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In recent years integrative taxonomy approach led to description of several species of complex thalloids and leafy liverworts, previously considered as cryptic lineages distinguishable only on the basis of molecular markers [3,7]. ...
... The cryptic speciation is well known to occur in all major lineages of liverworts [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In recent years integrative taxonomy approach led to description of several species of complex thalloids and leafy liverworts, previously considered as cryptic lineages distinguishable only on the basis of molecular markers [3,7]. ...
... The lower number of MDCs was also identified for species of complex thalloid liverwort genera Marchantia and Conocephalum [27]. The liverwort model species Marchantia polymorpha and M. palaceae revealed 4076 MDCs, while recently described Conocephalum salebrosum [3] and C. conicum were characterized by 5878 MDCs. ...
The simple thalloid liverwort Apopellia endiviifolia is a widespread Holarctic species belonging to the family Pelliaceae. European populations of this species comprise two distinct evolutionary lineages named “species A”, known also as water form, and typical, mainly terrestrial forms named “species B”. Newly sequenced, assembled and annotated chloroplast genomes of six European specimens belonging to the two cryptic lineages occupying different microhabitats, revealed the structure typical for liverworts and previously sequenced reference. The plastomes of A. endiviifolia are 120,537–120,947 bp long with a structure typical for most plants, including a pair of IR regions (each of 9092–9207 bp) separated by LSC (82,506–82,609 bp) and SSC (19,854–19,924 bp) regions and consist of 121 unique genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 6 genes of unknown function (ycf genes), 4 ribosomal RNAs and 30 transfer RNAs. Comparative analysis of typical, terrestrial and water forms revealed 4971 molecular diagnostic characters (MDCs), which exceeds numbers found in many well recognized liverworts taxa. Moreover, beside the presence of evolutionary hotspots like ycf1 and ycf2 genes and several intergenic spacer like ndhB-psbM, rps4-ndhJ and ndhC-atpE, the molecular identification of Apopellia cryptic species was possible by almost 98% of 500 bp long frames simulating mini barcodes. The different ecological niches can be driven by different pressures of positive selection, which was detected in nine genes including ccsA, ndhD, ndhF, petA, psbB, psbC, rpoB, ycf1 and ycf2. Despite clearly genetic differences and ecological preferences, the current observation of morphological differentiation does not no allow to separate terrestrial and water forms into taxonomic species.
... Conocephalum salebrosum is a holarctic liverwort species (Szweykowski et al. 2005) with a distribution known so far to comprise Europe, including Scandinavia, East Asia and North America, reaching up to high latitudes. C. salebrosum occurs in big patches on mildly acid to basic, often humus rich soils on moist banks, rocks and stonework or on thin soil on limestone, typically on deeply shaded sites. ...
... In C. salebrosum a strong water loss of internal tissues is indicated. Possibly, the origin of the massive sheet was the hyaline thallus margin, or the junctions between air chamber walls and epidermis, which form distinct furrows in this taxon (Szweykowski et al. 2005). However, it was not possible within these observations to detect the water source for the ice sheets. ...
... Cette espèce est maintenant considérée comme absente d'Amérique du Nord (Szweykowski et al., 2005), et les plantes du Québec et du Labrador ainsi appelées dans le passé appartiendraient plutôt à l'espèce C. salebrosum. Szweykowski et al. (2005) proposent une clef permettant de distinguer les deux espèces, mais les caractères utilisés sont jugés peu fiables par Stotler et Crandall-Stotler (2017). ...
... Cette espèce est maintenant considérée comme absente d'Amérique du Nord (Szweykowski et al., 2005), et les plantes du Québec et du Labrador ainsi appelées dans le passé appartiendraient plutôt à l'espèce C. salebrosum. Szweykowski et al. (2005) proposent une clef permettant de distinguer les deux espèces, mais les caractères utilisés sont jugés peu fiables par Stotler et Crandall-Stotler (2017). (Jessup, 2017). ...
According to this update, the known liverwort flora of Quebec includes 218 species, and that of Labrador, 123 species. In the list, each accepted species name is followed by an indication of occurrence in either jurisdiction, a list of recent synonyms, references to relevant manuals, an account of reported subspecies and varieties, and notes on various taxonomic and distributional issues. The occurrence of Apopellia endiviifolia in Quebec, and in North America, is confirmed.
... Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. -This species was recorded for JJ [Horikawa 1935a], JN [Hong 1962a], GG [Hong 1962a], GW [Hong 1962a], All the provinces [Choe 1980, Kim andHwang 1991], however, this is mainly a European species (Szweykowski et al. 2005), whereas all reports from East Asia belong to Conocephalum salebrosum Szweyk., Buczk. et Odrzyk. ...
The liverwort and hornwort flora of the Korean Peninsula possesses some unique traits arising from the geographic position of the Peninsula, where the mainland flora meets insular flora. This flora is still not exhaustively studied, due not only to political reasons, but also because much less attention has been paid than to adjacent lands by hepaticologists. A checklist presented is based on a study of ca. 15,500 specimens collected by the authors and a review of relevant literature. This study provides the checklist of liverworts and hornworts known from Korea and the geographical distribution of each species within the peninsula. The liverworts and hornworts in Korean flora include 346 taxa (326 species, 16 subspecies and four varieties) in 112 genera and 50 families. Since 2007, 75 taxa of liverworts and four taxa of hornworts are reported as new to the Korean Peninsula, with a number of the new records arising following application of new taxonomic concepts that have become apparent over the last few decades. While compiling the checklist, 42 species, previously reported to Korea, are excluded from the Korean liverwort flora.
... Nelle due stazioni in Alta Valtellina cresce rispettivamente in una valletta nivale e sul terreno tra le rocce, in entrambe le situazioni in presenza di substrati dolomitici e in posizioni relativamente calde e assolate. (szweyKowsKi et al., 2005) e soltanto negli ultimi anni segnalato per la prima volta anche in Italia (poponessi et al., 2014). C. salebrosum è alquanto diffuso, almeno in Lombardia, dove si può considerare come una specie localmente abbondante. ...
The investigation provides records of liverworts in the order Marchantiales for Northern Italy, including new species for the regional flora (Lombardy: Conocephalum salebrosum, Mannia pilosa, Peltolepis quadrata and Riccia huebeneriana; Piedmont: Peltolepis quadrata and Riccia cavernosa; and Veneto: Asterella lindenbergiana). Furthermore, confirmations are reported for the flora of these three regions and Aosta Valley, and new records are provided for Mannia californica, only recently detected in Italy.
... The morphology of N. curvifolia is very charateric by its inflated leaves with two long, narrow, incurved lobes ended with long, slender teeth [14]. The well-developed morphological features are one of the reason of overlooked cryptic diversity, which often lead to description of new species [15][16][17]. Despite recent publication of several papers dealing with liverwort plastomes [4,5,9,10,18], the GenBank entries didn't include any representative of the Cephaloziaceae family. ...
... Intraspecific differentiation of N. curvifolia was not studied using morphological or molecular methods, but genetic distances between European and Asian samples suggest presence of geographical races or cryptic species, which are known in liverworts [17,36,39]. Application of integrative taxonomy approach enabled description of new species within genera like Conocephalum [15], Calypogeia [16] and Marsupella [40]. However in some cryptic species morphological characters are too blurry despite strong molecular, physiological and environmental differentiation, but this concerns mainly simple thalloids [37,41,42]. ...
The leafy liverwort Nowellia curvifolia is a widespread Holarctic species belonging to the family Cephaloziaceae. It is made up of a newly sequenced, assembled and annotated organellar genomes of two European specimens, which revealed the structure typical for liverworts, but also provided new insights into its microevolution. The plastome of N. curvifolia is the second smallest among photosynthetic liverworts, with the shortest known inverted repeats. Moreover, itis the smallest liverwort genome with a complete gene set, since two smaller genomes of Aneura mirabilis and Cololejeunea lanciloba are missing six and four protein-coding genes respectively. The reduction of plastome size in leafy liverworts seems to be mainly impacted by deletion within specific region between psbA and psbD genes. The comparative intraspecific analysis revealed single SNPs difference among European individuals and a low number of 35 mutations differentiating Europeanand North American specimens. However, the genetic resources of Asian specimen enabled to identify 1335 SNPs in plastic protein-coding genes suggesting an advanced cryptic speciation within N. curvifolia or the presence of undescribed morphospecies in Asia. Newly sequenced mitogenomes from European specimens revealed identical gene content and structure to previously published and low intercontinental differentiation limited to one substitution and three indels. The RNA-seq basedRNA editing analysis revealed 17 and 127 edited sites in plastome and mitogenome respectively including one non-canonical editing event in plastid chiL gene. The U to C editing is common in non-seed plants, but in liverwort plastome is reported for the first time.
... Although they share a number of important features, such as reticulate air chambers, complex air pore structures, differentiation of photosynthetic hairs, symbiosis with fungi (Carré & Harrison 1961), shape of appendages of ventral scales, endosporic germination of spores, high ratio of elater numbers to spores, a number of distinct differences exist between the two complexes. Table 2 showing differences among Conocephalum conicum (F, J and r types) and C. Borovichev et al. (2009) and Szweykowski et al. (2005). * 2 after Caver (1903) and Bolleter et al. (1905). ...
... Morphological deformations (becoming thin and small) and color changes are especially noticeable in plants growing in dim, dark places (Maybrook 1914). This has been previously reported in plants collected from a cave in the northern Isle of Man, uk (Paton 1993, Szweykowski et al. 2005. ...
... 8) Lower parts of the air pore apparatus of carpocephala vary in their length and structure even within the same type (Fig. 3, d & e), though they were reported to be stably different between C. conicum s. str. (L type) and C. salebrosum (Szweykowski et al. 2005). 9) epidermal layers of carpocephala are usually unistratose in C. salebrosum, and bistratose in all types of the C. conicum complex. ...
Inter-relationship among the cryptic species in the genus Conocephalum Hill was studied using rbcL + rps4 sequences as well as morphological features. Samples used in this study originated from 1) the long-cultivated strains from Europe, North America, and Asia used for previous allozymes and molecular studies and 2) newly gathered plants mainly from Japan and Taiwan used for both molecular and morphological study. For the C. conicum/ salebrosum complex, a total of six species were confirmed, including a new species previously recognized as R type or Chemotype III (Toyota 1994, Kim et al. 2001 Miwa et al 2009). The R type has unique volatile component and morphological features; presence of Methyl cinnamate in natural conditions and absence of mucilage cavity in the central part of thallus. As for the C. japonicum complex, three cryptic species formerly recognized by allozymes and molecular analyses were confirmed. These three species are remotely distant from all the members of the C. conicum/ salebrosum complex. Conocephalum japonicum is here reinstated in the genus Sandea Lindb., as Sandea japonica Steph. ex Yoshin.
