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Nomenclatural types of the basionyms of species of sequestrate relatives of Russula from Australia and New Zealand were studied and original descriptions emended. Illustrations of microscopic characters are provided for the first time for many species. Several recombinations are proposed, including: (i) Arcangeliella crichtonii comb. nov. (≡ Cystan...
Citations
... In Australia, the sequestrate taxa are relatively diverse, with 18 species of Cystangium and 14 of Gymnomyces described (Lebel 2003a, b). Macowanites is also a widespread and diverse sequestrate genus, comprising 24 species from North America (Singer and Smith 1960; Peters 1962; Smith 1962; Cazares and Trappe 1991; Trappe et al. 2002), three each from New Zealand (McNabb 1971; Lebel 2002b) and Europe (Singer and Smith 1960; Martín et al. 1999; Vidal 2001, 2004), two each from Western Australia (Bougher 1997; Lebel and Castellano 2002) and Mexico (Guzmán 1988), and one each from Israel (Moser and Aviz.-Hersh 1977) and Africa (Lebel and Trappe 2000). The type species, M. agaricinus, is known only from a single sporocarp described in 1876, making this taxon a high priority for future collecting and study (Lebel and Trappe 2000—generic type paper). ...
Australian taxa of the sequestrate genus Macowanites were examined by using LSU and ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and found to be paraphyletic within the agaricoid genus Russula. The type of the genus Macowanites, M. agaricinus, is described here as a generic synonym of Russula and an emended description of the genus Russula is provided. Descriptions and illustrations of nine new species, Russula albidoflava T.Lebel, R. albobrunnea T.Lebel, R. brunneonigra T.Lebel, R. galbana T.Lebel, R. pumicoidea T.Lebel, R. reddellii T.Lebel, R. rostraticystidia T.Lebel, R. sinuata T.Lebel and R. variispora T.Lebel, from Australia, are presented. Nomenclatural changes for five previously published Australasian species are also proposed.
... The nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is an important locus for molecular systematic investigations, and a number of phylogenetic studies have been conducted within the Tricholomataceae, contributing to the clarification of evolutionary relationships over a wide range of taxonomic levels (Hibbett et al 1997, Lebel andCastellano 2002). Thus Anderson et al (1989) demonstrated that the rDNA repeat in Armillaria is informative in terms of phylogeny, based upon restriction mapping. ...
Crinipellis perniciosa infects a diversity of hosts causing severe damage to T. cacao production in many Brazilian growing regions. We compared isolates of Crinipellis from different geographic origins and hosts in Brazil by structural analysis using light (LM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), as well as RFLP and sequence data based on the nuclear rDNA ITS region. Statistical analyses of morphometric data of basidia and basidiospores revealed a distinct group of isolates of Crinipellis obtained from Heteropterys acutifolia when compared to representatives from Theobroma cacao, Solanum lycocarpum and Heteropterys nervosa. A similar distinction also was observed based on sequence data of the ITS region such that combined results allowed for the segregation of a new species within the genus Crinipellis.
Current theories on the evolution of sequestrate (enclosed) basidiomes explain the origin of these forms in a gradualist adaptational process led by selective forces, such as drought and animal consumption. Paedomorphosis (the retention of juvenile traits) has been invoked as the phenomenon underlying sequestration, but many consequences of this process have not yet been explored. Our present interpretation of sequestrate morphologies, in light of Stephen Jay Gould’s characterization of neoteny (retention of juvenile features in an adult stage with mature reproductive structures) and progenesis (the onset of sexual maturity in a morphologically immature stage that does not reach the mature morphology observed in the ancestral form), both involved in paedomorphosis, implies that the origin of sequestrate basidiomes might constitute two distinct evolutionary processes. These two processes could be recognized among fungi by contrasting their morphological plasticity, phylogenetic diversification, and ecological patterns. The hypotheses discussed here provide new insights for interpreting and studying the evolution of sequestrate fungi.KeywordsGasteroidSecotioidProgenesisNeotenyHeterochrony
Bu makale Türkiye mikobiyotasına katkı sağlamayı
amaçlamaktadır ve Boletales takımına ait iki toprak altı tür, Sclerogaster candidus (Tul. &
C.Tul.) Zeller & C.W.Dodge ve Sclerogaster
compactus (Tul. & C. Tul.) Sacc., üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci
takson Trabzon’un Tonya ilçesinden Türkiye makromikotası için yeni kayıt olarak
rapor edilmiştir. İkinci takson için ise İstanbul (Beykoz, Çekmeköy ve Şile)’dan
yeni lokaliteler verilmiştir. Sclerogaster
candidus’un ekolojik, makroskobik ve mikroskobik özelliklerini içeren kısa
betimlemesi, ve her iki taksonun da makro ve mikromorfolojilerine ilişkin orijinal
fotoğrafları ve toplanma lokaliteleri verilmiştir.
Two new species of Russulaceae from China are herein described and illustrated based on their morphologies and phylogenies. A hypogeous gasteroid species, Lactarius sulphosmus sp. nov. and an agaricoid species, Russula vinosobrunneola sp. nov. are introduced. The latter is morphologically distinguished from R. sichuanensis, although the ITS-based phylogeny was unable to distinguish them. Therefore, a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the nLSU, ITS, mtSSU, and tef-1α gene sequences of Russula subsection Laricinae was carried out, which supports the assertion that they are different species.
Lactarius rubriviridis sp. nov., characterized by hypogeous, sequestrate basidiomes with red latex, green stains, and forcibly discharged, reticulate basidiospores is described and illustrated. During the Spring, the new species forms basidiomes associated with conifers at 1400–1800 m elevation in the Sierra Nevada, and is known from two specimens collected 19 yr apart. Comparisons with the putatively polyphyletic genera Arcangeliella and Zelleromyces, and an accounting of all known members of these genera are provided.
We undertook an overview of the physical and chemical quality of soil characteristics, features of morphology, distribution and mycorrhizal relationships of Tuberaceae in China. The topsoil is found to be limestone region, abundant organic matter and the soil type is determined to be sand-clay-slimy. Various characteristics are recorded including ascocarp features (hypogenous, like tubers) and color (peridium, glebe red tones, brown), time of appearance (October to April), host (Pinus, Rhododendron polifolium, Eragrostis piosa), habitat (basic soil, sand-clay-slimy, and semi-arid zone), fresh weight (8-150 g) and ascospore morphology (3-5 warty spherics, medium size). The relationship between truffle growth and weather, soil, vegetation are particularly elaborated. A general overview of the characteristic of many ecosystem factors of region is described, especially where truffles grow. In conclusion, the habitats of tuberaceae should be protected by turning those fields into natural protected areas.
Two new species of Russula are described from southwestern China based on morphology and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence analysis. Russula atroaeruginea (sect. Griseinae) is characterized by a glabrous dark-green and radially yellowish tinged pileus, slightly yellowish context, spores ornamented by low warts linked by fine lines, and numerous pileocystidia with crystalline contents blackening in sulfovanillin. Russula sichuanensis, a semi-sequestrate taxon closely related to sect. Laricinae, forms russuloid to secotioid basidiocarps with yellowish to orange sublamellate gleba and large basidiospores with warts linked as ridges. The rDNA ITS-based phylogenetic trees fully support these new species.
Six species of Cystangium, a genus of sequestrate taxa related to Russula, were collected in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) during autumn 2001. Two species, C. depauperatum Singer & A.H. Sm. and C. nothofagi (E. Horak) Trappe, Castellano & T. Lebel, were already known from this region, while four new species, C. domingueziae, C. gamundiae, C. grandihyphatum and C. longisterigmatum, are described, illustrated and a key to the species is provided. In addition, sequences of the ITS (rDNA) region were obtained to explore the phylogenetic relationships of our South American Cystangium species.
