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| Savoryella grandispora (BRIP 20918, holotype). (a) Herbarium specimen. (b) Ascomata on host. (c) Section through an ascoma. (d) Peridium. (e) Ascus. (f) Apical ring. (g) Paraphyses. (h-j) Ascospores. Scale bars: (c) 200 µm, (e) 50 µm, (d,g) 20 µm, (f-j) 10 µm.
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Morpho-molecular and molecular clock analyses were conducted on Savoryellaceae in order to understand the placements of taxa in this family. Ascotaiwania and Neoascotaiwania formed a well-supported monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic analyses of concatenated partial 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, transcription elongation factor 1-α and RNA polymerase II ge...
Citations
... Savoryellaceae (Savoryellales, Sordariomycetes), with an estimated divergence crown age of 182 MYA [16], contains generally saprobic fungi on bamboos, palms, Pandanus, Machilus sp., Pinus sp., or other unidentified woody substrates in terrestrial, freshwater, marine, brackish water, and water-cooling towers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The family currently comprises six genera: Ascotaiwania, Bactrodesmium, Canalisporium, Dematiosporium, Neoascotaiwania, and Savoryella [17,23], which are characterized by immersed or superficial, globose to pyriform ascomata with paraphyses, two-to-eight-spored, clavate to cylindrical, unitunicate asci with an inamyloid apical ring, and ellipsoid, fusiform ascospores, with or without a gelatinous sheath, as well as a dematiaceous hyphomycetous asexual morph with globose to subglobose or obovate to oval conidia [24,25]. ...
... Savoryellaceae (Savoryellales, Sordariomycetes), with an estimated divergence crown age of 182 MYA [16], contains generally saprobic fungi on bamboos, palms, Pandanus, Machilus sp., Pinus sp., or other unidentified woody substrates in terrestrial, freshwater, marine, brackish water, and water-cooling towers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The family currently comprises six genera: Ascotaiwania, Bactrodesmium, Canalisporium, Dematiosporium, Neoascotaiwania, and Savoryella [17,23], which are characterized by immersed or superficial, globose to pyriform ascomata with paraphyses, two-to-eight-spored, clavate to cylindrical, unitunicate asci with an inamyloid apical ring, and ellipsoid, fusiform ascospores, with or without a gelatinous sheath, as well as a dematiaceous hyphomycetous asexual morph with globose to subglobose or obovate to oval conidia [24,25]. ...
Asexual and sexual morphs of saprobic bambusicolous fungi were collected from freshwater and terrestrial habitats in Sichuan Province, China. Taxonomic identification of these fungi was carried out on the basis of morphological comparison, culture characteristics, and molecular phylogeny. Multi-gene phylogeny based on combined SSU, ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tef1α sequence data was performed to determine their phylogenetic placement, and the result showed that these fungi belong to Savoryellaceae. Morphologically, four asexual morphs are similar to Canalisporium and Dematiosporium, while a sexual morph well-fits to Savoryella. Three new species, Canalisporium sichuanense, Dematiosporium bambusicola, and Savoryella bambusicola are identified and described. Two new records, C. dehongense and D. aquaticum, were recovered from the bamboo hosts in terrestrial and freshwater habitats, respectively. In addition, the nomenclatural confusion of C. dehongense and C. thailandense is discussed.
... It was formally published by Jaklitsch and Réblová (2015). Species in Savoryellales are saprobic on decaying wood from terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including marine, brackish, and freshwater environments (Minoura and Muroi 1978;Koch Jones and Hyde 1992;Chang et al. 1998;Hyde and Jones 1998;Abdel-Wahab and Jones 2000;Jones et al. 2016;Dayarathne et al. 2019). The type species Savoryella lignicola was described from Scots pine test blocks in a watercooling tower in the UK (Jones and Eaton 1969). ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... Besides, Ascotaiwania has monodictys-like [56], monotosporella-like [57,58] and trichocladium-like [56] asexual morphs. Dayarathne et al. [59] synonymized Neoascotaiwania under Ascotaiwania based on similar morphology and multigene phylogeny analysis. However, recent studies showed that Neoascotaiwania and Ascotaiwania were not congeneric [16,60]. ...
During a survey of freshwater fungi in Guizhou Province, China, six hyphomycetous collections were founded on decaying wood from freshwater habitats. These taxa were characterized and identified based on morphology, phylogeny, and culture characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1α sequence data indicated that our six isolates formed three distinct lineages and were distributed within Fuscosporellaceae and Savoryellaceae. They can be organized as three new species: Fuscosporella guizhouensis, Mucisporaaquatica and Neoascotaiwaniaguizhouensis. Fuscosporella guizhouensis and Neoascotaiwania guizhouensis have sporodochial conidiomata, micronematous conidiophores and dark brown conidia. The former possesses irregularly ellipsoidal conidia with apical appendages, while the latter has fusiform to obovoid conidia. Mucispora aquatica is characterized by macronematous conidiophores, elongating percurrently and dark brown, narrowly obovoid conidia. The detailed, illustrated descriptions and notes for each new taxon are provided, and the species of Fuscosporella is reported for the first time in China.
... Hongsanan et al. (2017) showed that Pleurotheciales clustered with Conioscyphales, Fuscosporellales and Savoryellales in a monophyletic clade within Sordariomycetes. Hence, they transferred Pleurotheciales to a newly introduced subclass Savoryellomycetidae based on phylogenetic analysis and the placement has been confirmed and accepted by Dayarathne et al. (2019) and Hyde et al. (2020a). ...
... The sexual morphs of Pleurotheciaceae share dark, papillate, perithecial, astromatic, immersed to superficial ascomata, unitunicate asci with a distinct nonamyloid apical annulus, and fusiform to ellipsoidal, septate, hyaline ascospores (Réblová et al. 2016;Luo et al. 2018a;Hyde et al. 2020a). The asexual morphs of Pleurotheciaceae are diverse in morphology, comprising acrodictys-like (Monotosporella), (Hyde and Yanna 2002;Sadowski et al. 2012), helicoön-like (Helicoascotaiwania, Dayarathne et al. 2019;Réblová et al. 2020), monodictys-like (Neomonodictys, Hyde et al. 2020b) and dactylaria-like taxa (Pleurotheciella, Phaeoisaria and Pleurothecium, Réblová et al. 2016;Luo et al. 2018a). Species in Pleurotheciaceae are cosmopolitan with a worldwide distribution and have been reported from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats (Réblová et al. 2016(Réblová et al. , 2020Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2017;Luo et al. 2018aLuo et al. , 2019Hyde et al. 2020a, b). ...
... The taxa used in the phylogenetic analysis were obtained from previous studies (Table 1) (Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2017;Luo et al. 2018aLuo et al. , 2019Dayarathne et al. 2019;Hyde et al. 2020b;Réblová et al. 2020;Boonmee et al. 2021;Dong et al. 2021) and downloaded from GenBank. SEQMAN v. 7.0.0 ...
During the study of lignicolous freshwater fungi from Thailand, three pleurotheciaceous species were collected from freshwater habitats in Thailand. Two were identified as Pleurothecium aquaticum and Rhexoacrodictys fimicola , and the third is a new species Dematipyriforma muriformis sp. nov.. Rhexoacrodictys is accepted in Pleurotheciaceae based on phylogenetic analysis. Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora is transferred to Dematipyriforma based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters. Pleurothecium aquaticum and Rhexoacrodictys fimicola are reported from Thailand for the first time.
... It is estimated that more than 10,000 marine fungal species exist globally (Jones 2011;Walker et al. 2017) and only around 1000 have been described Pang et al. 2016). Jones et al. (2019) listed 1257 marine species belonging to 539 genera and 943 of them are ascomycetes (Jones et al. 2009Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010;Pang et al. 2010;Abdel-Wahab and Nagahama 2011;Dayarathne et al. 2016Dayarathne et al. , 2019. ...
... However, species with helicosporous conidia are not only found in Tubeufiaceae; for example, Helicoascotaiwania also has helicosporous conidia but it is phylogenetically distinct from Tubeufiaceae. Helicoascotaiwania is placed in Pleurotheciaceae and Sordariomycetes [58], while Tubeufiaceae is placed in Pleosporales. The interesting finding is that the asexual morphs of some genera were reported with two different morphologies. ...
Tubeufiaceae, a cosmopolitan family with a worldwide distribution, is mostly reported as saprobic on decaying woody materials from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The family is commonly found as helicosporous hyphomycetes, while some are chlamydosporous and phragmosporous. In this study, thirteen helicosporous hyphomycetes were collected from Thailand and China. The phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1-α, and RPB2 sequence data placed them in Dematiohelicomyces, Helicoma, Helicotruncatum, Neohelicosporium, Parahelicomyces, and Tubeufia within Tubeufiaceae. Three new species, Tubeufia cocois, Parahelicomyces chiangmaiensis, and Neohelicosporium bambusicola, one new host record, Tubeufia laxispora, and one new geographic record, T. longihelicospora, are introduced based on both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, Dematiohelicomyces helicosporus, Helicoma guttulatum, Helicotruncatum palmigenum, and Tubeufia cylindrothecia are described with detailed descriptions and color photo plates.
... It is estimated that more than 10,000 marine fungal species exist globally (Jones 2011;Walker et al. 2017) and only around 1000 have been described Pang et al. 2016). Jones et al. (2019) listed 1257 marine species belonging to 539 genera and 943 of them are ascomycetes (Jones et al. 2009Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010;Pang et al. 2010;Abdel-Wahab and Nagahama 2011;Dayarathne et al. 2016Dayarathne et al. , 2019. ...
Sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of fungi. The global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been estimated. This paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches, viz. by numbers of described fungi, by fungus:substrate ratio, by ecological distribution, by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in Ascomycota. The assumptions were made with the currently most accepted, “2.2–3.8 million” species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90% of the described ascomycetes reproduce sexually. The Catalogue of Life, Species Fungorum and published research were used for data procurement. The average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million, ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 million. However, only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data repositories. The ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:22. Therefore, where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes? The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots, poorly-studied areas and species complexes. Other poorly studied niches include extremophiles, lichenicolous fungi, human pathogens, marine fungi, and fungicolous fungi. Undescribed species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier species. Nomenclatural issues, such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs, synonyms, conspecific names, illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described species. Interspecies introgression results in new species, while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.
... It is estimated that more than 10,000 marine fungal species exist globally (Jones 2011;Walker et al. 2017) and only around 1000 have been described Pang et al. 2016). Jones et al. (2019) listed 1257 marine species belonging to 539 genera and 943 of them are ascomycetes (Jones et al. 2009Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010;Pang et al. 2010;Abdel-Wahab and Nagahama 2011;Dayarathne et al. 2016Dayarathne et al. , 2019. ...
Sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of fungi. The global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been estimated. This paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches, viz. by numbers of described fungi, by fungus: substrate ratio, by ecological distribution, by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in Ascomycota. The assumptions were made with the currently most accepted, “2.2–3.8 million” species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90% of the described ascomycetes reproduce sexually. The Catalogue of Life, Species Fungorum and published research were used for data procurement. The average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million, ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 million. However, only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data repositories. The ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:22. Therefore, where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes? The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots, poorly-studied areas and species complexes. Other poorly studied niches include extremophiles, lichenicolous fungi, human pathogens, marine fungi, and fungicolous fungi. Undescribed species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier species. Nomenclatural issues, such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs, synonyms, conspecifc names, illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described species. Interspecies introgression results in new species, while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.
... Canalisporium in its asexual morph is a sporodochial hyphomycete, mainly characterised by broadly ellipsoidal, obpyriform to sub-globose and dorsiventrally flattened muriform conidia with a cell lumen connected by narrow canals. Dayarathne et al. 2019, Hyde et al. 2020a, Goh et Kuo 2021. ...
During an ongoing study of freshwater fungi colonising decaying submerged wood in Egypt, two species of Canalisporium, namely C. grenadoideum and C. jinghongense, were recorded for the first time in Egypt and Africa. These two species are described and illustrated herein. The conidial morphology of the two species was compared with that of others elsewhere in the world. The asexual morph of C. grenadoideum was recorded and described for the first time on natural substrate in the present study. A key to Canalisporium species in Egypt is provided.
... This is based on evidence from phylogenetic analyses and divergence time studies with the order having a stem age estimated as 268 MYA [1]. The four orders clustered as a robust clade in all studies [1][2][3]. Pleurotheciales, with a single-family Pleurotheciaceae [4], is the largest order in Savoryellomycetidae. ...
... Sterigmatobotrys are distinct in the family by their well-defined stipe and a complex penicillate conidiophore head consisting of series of penicillate branches [6]. While some other genera lack conspicuous macronematous conidiophores, and the conidia directly arise from the hyphae on the host substrate or from micronematous, subhyaline conidiophores, such as Neomonodictys with subglobose to globose, muriform conidia [8] and Helicoascotaiwania with helicoid conidia [2,15]. ...
... The genera Adelosphaeria, Melanotrigonum, Pleurotheciella and Pleurothecium generally have superficial ascomata with a short papilla, narrowly or broadly clavate asci with a distinct, refractive apical ring and ellipsoidal-fusiform, septate ascospores [3,4,9], while Phaeoisaria has immersed ascomata with a quite long neck, cylindrical asci and filiform, multiseptate ascospores. Helicoascotaiwania is easily distinguished in the family in having generally immersed ascomata lying horizontally or obliquely to the host substrate and fusiform, versicolorous ascospores with darker central cells and paler polar cells [2,3]. ...
Pleurotheciales is the largest order in Savoryellomycetidae with a large proportion of species known from freshwater habitats. In order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of taxa within Pleurotheciales and contribute to their diversity, submerged wood was collected from freshwater habitats in China (Yunnan Province) and Thailand. Two dematiaceous, sporodochial hyphomycetes and one annulatascales-like ascomycete with unusual morphology as compared to extant ones were discovered. They were subjected to DNA-based phylogenetic analyses and the results revealed three distinct lineages in Savoryellomycetidae. This morpho-phylo taxonomic study supports the establishment of five novel taxa including two novel genera, Obliquifusoideum and Saprodesmium, and three novel species, Coleodictyospora muriformis, Obliquifusoideum guttulatum and Saprodesmium dematiosporum. Coleodictyospora muriformis and S. dematiosporum are placed in Pleurotheciales, while O. guttulatum is referred to Savoryellomycetidae genera incertae sedis. The phylogenetic relationships are also presented for Coleodictyospora and Pseudocoleodictyospora, which raises an intriguing taxonomic issue. These two genera are positioned in two different classes, viz Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes, although they are quite similar except for the presence of a conidial sheath. This study expands our knowledge of the fungal diversity of freshwater fungi, and also indicates that Pleurotheciales species are mostly found in freshwater habitats.
