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The therapeutic potential of Sargassum siliquosum grown in Australian tropical waters was tested in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 12 rats and each group was fed a different diet for 16 weeks: corn starch diet (C); high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) containing fructose, sucrose, sa...
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Sargassum tides on the coasts of the Mexican Caribbean have become an ecological and socioeconomic problem that requires a comprehensive solution. In this study, compositional analyses of Sargassum consortium (SC) showed 24.61% of carbohydrates, which could be used in alginate, fucoidan, and biofuel production. Also, 3.14 mg of p-Coumaric acid/g of...
In the current investigation, a native crude fucoidan (Ex) was extracted from Sargassum crispifolium, pretreated by single-screw extrusion, and two degraded fucoidans, i.e., ExAh (degradation of Ex by ascorbic acid) and ExHp (degradation of Ex by hydrogen peroxide), were obtained. The extrusion pretreatment increased the extraction yield of fucoida...
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... Six of the twenty-six research were conducted in vivo, two were both in vitro and in vivo, and eighteen were in vitro analyses. The therapeutic potential of several seaweed species on managing neurodegenerative diseases [12][13][14][15][16][17], treating inflammatory illnesses [18][19][20], skin cancer using cell lines [21][22][23], controlling and treating diabetes [24][25][26], improvement of gut health [27,28], pulmonary tumours [29], urinary stones [30], obesity [31], allergic reactions [32], pancreatic cancer [33], hepatotoxicity [34], and hypertension [35,36] were examined. ...
... Three studies used phytochemical fractions [13,26,32], and seven used biomolecules (polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, protein hydrolysates, peptides) [15,21,25,28,31,[36][37] extracted from seaweeds, and one evaluated the therapeutic effect of the entire plant [31]. Seven studies examined the therapeutic effect of bioactive compounds isolated from seaweeds [16,20,23,24,29,30,34] and eight studies evaluated the therapeutic effect of extracts [13,14,[17][18][19]22,27,35]. ...
... Three studies used phytochemical fractions [13,26,32], and seven used biomolecules (polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, protein hydrolysates, peptides) [15,21,25,28,31,[36][37] extracted from seaweeds, and one evaluated the therapeutic effect of the entire plant [31]. Seven studies examined the therapeutic effect of bioactive compounds isolated from seaweeds [16,20,23,24,29,30,34] and eight studies evaluated the therapeutic effect of extracts [13,14,[17][18][19]22,27,35]. ...
... The gut microbiota in individuals with T1DM is characterized by reduced bacterial and functional diversity, as well as low bacterial community stability [38]. A study presented by Du Preez et al. [39] showed that 5% S. Siliquosum supplementation in male Wistar rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome decreased body weight and retroperitoneal fat due to an increase in the gut microbiota, which likely complements the prebiotic actions of alginates that are present in some brown algae. Other Sargassum species show identical responses related to gut microbiota regulation. ...
... du Preez et al. [39] Sargassum siliquosum extract Evaluated the impact of S. siliquosum on metabolic syndrome parameters, including heart/liver function, plasma biochemistry, glucose/insulin responses, body composition, and gut microbiota composition. ...
Durvillaea antarctica is the seaweed that is the most consumed by the Chilean population. It is recognized worldwide for its high nutritional value in protein, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. This is a narrative review in which an extensive search of the literature was performed to establish the immunomodulator, cardiometabolic, and gut microbiota composition modulation effect of Durvillaea antarctica. Several studies have shown the potential of Durvillaea antarctica to function as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota, which is related to anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects. The quantity of Bacteroides was negatively correlated with that of inflammatory monocytes and positively correlated with the levels of several gut metabolites. Seaweed-derived polysaccharides modulate the quantity and diversity of beneficial intestinal microbiota, decreasing phenol and p-cresol, which are related to intestinal diseases and the loss of intestinal function. Additionally, a beneficial metabolic effect related to this seaweed was observed, mainly promoting the decrease in the glycemic levels, lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. Consuming Durvillaea antarctica has a positive impact on the immune system, and its bioactive compounds provide beneficial effects on glycemic control and other metabolic parameters.
... The KOD OneTM PCR Master Mix (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) kit was used to amplify the targeted gene of mitochondrial cytochromeoxidase I (COI) as a molecular marker to assign the Sargassum sample to a species. A forward primer, GazF2 = 5 -CCA ACC AYA AAG ATA TWG GTA C-3 and reverse primer, GazR2 = 5 -GGA TGA CCA AAR AAC CAA AA-3 , were employed, targeting 700 bp of DNA size [29]. Meanwhile, for spirulina, the 16srDNA gene was used with a forward primer, 27F1 = 5 AGA GTT T GA TCC TGG CTC AG-3 , and a reverse primer, 809R = 5 -GCTTCGGCACGGCTCGGGTCGATA-3 [30], with a target of 800 bp of DNA size. ...
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the highly toxic, non-essential heavy metals that inhibit plant growth and development by prompting chlorophyll loss and affecting photosynthetic activities. This study investigated the efficacy of Spirulina platensis and Sargassum polycystum extracts in alleviating Cd stress in Pak Choi at morpho-biochemical, anatomical, and molecular levels. Different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mL/L) of S. polycyctum (SAR), S. platensis (SPI), and a mixture of both extracts (SS) were exposed to 100 mg/kg Cd-contaminated Pak Choi seedlings. Non-Cd-treated Pak Choi and Cd-contaminated Pak Choi without algal extracts were assigned as positive and negative controls, respectively. The results showed that the application of algal extracts increased the plant height, fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) as the extract level increased. This was greatest in 100SS with 37.51% (shoot length), 68.91% (root length), 110.8% (shoot DW), and 216.13% (root DW), while an increase of 176.7% (shoot FW) and 256.9% (root FW) was seen in the 100SPI treatment. Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, and chlorophyll fluorescence increased significantly after the treatment with 100SS. Antioxidant enzymes CAT, APX, POD, and protein were significantly increased in 100 mL/L extracts by 28.13% (100SS), 36.40% (100SAR), 46.92% (100SS), and 153.48% (100SS), respectively. The same treatment was also identified to dominate the development of root structures such as total length, surface area, projected area, diameter, volume, tips, and fork number. The highest reduction of Cd content in the root and shoot of Pak Choi was observed in 100SS with a 53.8% and 39.88% decrease, respectively. Increasing algal extract concentration also improved the leaf histological characteristics substantially, such as stomatal size and opening, mesophyll tissues, and vascular bundles. In addition, the fold change ratio of the Rubisco gene at 100SS treatment was noticeably greater than other algal extract treatments, with a 0.99 fold change when compared with the untreated sample. This present study illustrated that Sargassum polycyctum and Spirulina platensis extracts have the potential to effectively alleviate Cd stress in Pak Choi plants, especially with the application of 100 mL/L of an algal extract mixture. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for mitigating Cd toxicity in crops.
... In addition, Muribaculaceae, much like Bacteroides, ferment plant polysaccharides to produce propionate [54]. Consistent with the study findings, dietary addition with brown seaweed elevated the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae in the gut of high-fatand high-sugar-diet-induced obese rats [55]. Although Eubacterium hallii cannot degrade complex polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, it can produce butyrate by using fermentation metabolites such as acetate and lactic acid [56]. ...
Kittens are prone to intestinal health problems as their intestines are not completely developed. Seaweed is rich in plant polysaccharides and bioactive substances that are highly beneficial to gut health. However, the effects of seaweed on cat gut health have not been assessed. This study compared the effects of dietary supplementation with enzymolysis seaweed powder and Saccharomyces boulardii on the intestinal health of kittens. In total, 30 Ragdoll kittens (age: 6 months; weight: 1.50 ± 0.29 kg) were assigned to three treatment groups for a 4-week feeding trial. The dietary treatment given was as follows: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) CON + enzymolysis seaweed powder (20 g/kg of feed) mixed evenly with the diet (SE); and (3) CON + Saccharomyces boulardii (2 × 1010 CFU/kg of feed) mixed evenly with the diet (SB). Compared with the CON and SB groups, dietary supplementation with the enzymolysis seaweed powder improved the immune and antioxidant capacity and also reduced the intestinal permeability and inflammation levels of kittens. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Faecalibacterium in the SE group was higher than those in the CON and SB groups (p ≤ 0.05), while the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota, Sutterellaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridium in the SB group was lower than that in the SE group (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, enzymolysis seaweed powder did not alter the level of intestinal SCFAs in kittens. Conclusively, supplementing kitten diet with enzymolysis seaweed powder can promote intestinal health by enhancing the gut barrier function and optimizing the microbiota composition. Our findings provide new perspectives on the application of enzymolysis seaweed powder.
... S. siliquosum extract supplementation to HFD-induced rats with metabolic syndrome resulted in decreased body weight, retroperitoneal fat and liver fat. However, there were no changes or effects on the liver enzyme activities, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose, lipid profile and insulin after 5% dietary supplement in rats [108]. In contrast, Murakami et al. [109] reported that supplementation of 2-6% dietary S. horneri to C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD did not reduce weight gain, serum glucose level and insulin resistance. ...
Obesity and diabetes are matters of serious concern in the health sector due to their rapid increase in prevalence over the last three decades. Obesity is a severe metabolic problem that results in energy imbalance that is persistent over a long period of time, and it is characterized by insulin resistance, suggesting a strong association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The available therapies for these diseases have side effects and some still need to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are expensive for underdeveloped countries. Hence, the need for natural anti-obesity and anti-diabetic drugs has increased in recent years due to their lower costs and having virtually no or negligible side effects. This review thoroughly examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of various marine macroalgae or seaweeds and their bioactive compounds in different experimental settings. According to the findings of this review, seaweeds and their bioactive compounds have been shown to have strong potential to alleviate obesity and diabetes in both in vitro and in vivo or animal-model studies. However, the number of clinical trials in this regard is limited. Hence, further studies investigating the effects of marine algal extracts and their bioactive compounds in clinical settings are required for developing anti-obesity and anti-diabetic medicines with better efficacy but lower or no side effects.
... menurunkan berat badan, deposisi lemak abdomen, dan ukuran vakuola lemak pada sel hati tikus namun tidak memulihkan efek pada kardiovaskuler dan hati. Selain itu, suplementasi juga meningkatkan mikrobiota usus secara selektif yang dapat dikaitkan terhadap aktivitas prebiotik alginat (Preez et al., 2021). ...
Sargassum sp. adalah salah satu jenis rumput laut yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Analisis kimia dan studi eksperimen telah menunjukkan potensi Sargassum sp. sebagai nutrasetikal, dengan temuan berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki manfaat kesehatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk merangkum literatur yang ada mengenai Sargassum sp., yang ditinjau dari kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan komposisi kimia serta efeknya terhadap kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran literatur, ditemukan bahwa Sargassum sp. memiliki senyawa bioaktif, seperti fukoidan, laminarin, alginat, fukosterol, phlorotanin, sargachromenol, dan fukosantin. Senyawa-senyawa ini memiliki fungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antidiabetik, antiobesitas, antimikroba, immunomodulator, sitoprotektan, gastroprotektan, dan neuroprotektan. Oleh karena itu, Sargassum sp. berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai nutraseutikal.
... Functional foods may be useful to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome [5,6], a cluster of risk factors that includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance which increases the risk for development of cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes and some cancers [7]. We have reported that the diverse taxonomic groups of green [8,9], brown [10] and red [11,12] seaweeds are potential tropical functional foods for metabolic syndrome [13], but freshwater macroalgae have been rarely studied for their health benefits, potentially because commercial production is limited. ...
... Further studies on feeding macroalgae interventions to corn starch diet-fed rats would identify any such effects. Moreover, a reversal protocol of feeding macroalgae to both corn starch diet-fed rats and high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats would provide responses that can be compared with our reversal protocol studies with seaweeds showing beneficial responses [8][9][10][11][12]. ...
Macroalgae produce compounds with industrial, pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. In this study, biomass from the freshwater macroalgal genus Oedogonium was grown in either treated municipal wastewater (M) or ash dam water from a coal-fired power station (D). The biomass was investigated for its metabolic responses in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats, a model of human metabolic syndrome. The Oedogonium biomass cultured in M contained higher amounts of K, Mg, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fibre and b-carotene, while biomass grown in D contained higher amounts of Al, Fe, V, Zn, Mn and As. Biomass from M further increased body weight and inflammation in the heart and colon in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. In contrast, biomass from D prevented changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and liver parameters without changing tissue histology. We suggest that increased intake of metals and metalloids through macroalgal biomass from D may decrease abdominal fat deposition while polysaccharides, PUFA and carotenoids from M may improve blood glucose responses in an obesogenic diet. Thus, macroalgal biomass grown in different wastewater sources could be acceptable for feed or food applications. This biomass could even provide potential health benefits in diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
... The animals were fed a diet with or without supplementation of 10% Nannochloropsis gaditana for 2 months. The results showed that the Nannochloropsis gaditana supplementation reduced their blood glucose and HbA1c levels and attenuated the amount of tissue oxidative stress and inflammation, which resulted in the improvements of functions in the liver and kidney of the diabetic rats [80]. ...
Microalgae are a kind of photoautotrophic microorganism, which are small, fast in their growth rate, and widely distributed in seawater and freshwater. They have strong adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and contain various nutrients. Many scholars have suggested that microalgae can be considered as a new food source, which should be developed extensively. More importantly, in addition to containing nutrients, microalgae are able to produce a great number of active compounds such as long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, pigments, alkaloids, astaxanthin, fucoidan, etc. Many of these compounds have been proven to possess very important physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor functions, regulation of the metabolism, etc. This article aimed to review the physiological functions and benefits of the main microalgae-derived bioactive molecules with their physiological effects.
... Sarconema filiforme, an Australian tropical seaweed containing carrageenans (sulphated polysaccharides), improved diet-induced signs of metabolic syndrome and modified the gut microbiota in rats [40]. Another Australian seaweed, Sargassum siliquosum, containing alginates, decreased abdominal and liver fat but did not improve cardiovascular or liver function [41]. Australian strains of microalgae such as EPA-producing Nannochloropsis oceanica and DHA-producing Tetraselmis sp. ...
Australia has a unique and diverse flora, including indigenous fruits, used by Australian Aboriginals for food and medicines for up to 45,000 years as well as recently introduced fruits for commercial production. However, this range of fruits has not led to the development of functional foods, for example for chronic inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome including obesity, hypertension, fatty liver and diabetes. This review examines the potential of tropical and subtropical fruits from Australia to be used as functional foods for metabolic syndrome, including Davidson's plum, Queen Garnet plum, durian, litchi, breadfruit, jackfruit, mangosteen, papaya, jabuticaba, coffee and seaweed. Preclinical studies have defined potential responses of these functional foods in metabolic syndrome but the usefulness in humans with metabolic syndrome requires clinical studies which are scarce in the relevant literature. Overall, these Australian examples show that tropical fruits can provide functional foods to decrease chronic inflammatory diseases.
... The diet-induced changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and liver parameters in the rat model used in this project mimic the changes in human metabolic syndrome [16]. Interventions with seaweeds have been previously shown to reverse these changes [19][20][21]. The relative abundance of bacteria from the class Bacteroidia and Erysipelotrichia was increased in C and CN rats (Bacteroidia: C, 29.00%; CN, 29.63%; p > 0.05; Erysipelotrichia: C, 9.31%; CN, 8.21%; p < 0.01) compared to H and HN rats (Bacteroidia: H, 17.17%; HN, 12.12%; p > 0.05; Erysipelotrichia: H, 4.35%; HN, 3.93%; p < 0.01). ...
... The diet-induced changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and liver parameters in the rat model used in this project mimic the changes in human metabolic syndrome [16]. Interventions with seaweeds have been previously shown to reverse these changes [19][20][21]. This study shows that high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats supplemented with the microalgae N. oceanica had higher lean mass and lower abdominal and liver fat than rats fed only the obesogenic diet. ...
... The search for microbial signatures of disease has led to the use of changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio as a marker of obesity; however, use of this ratio may not be valid to determine health status because of lifestyle-associated variations in patients from a single population [36]. Our previous studies have shown interaction of polysaccharides from macroalgal interventions with the gut microbiota in improving metabolic and cardiovascular health [19][20][21]. As an example, our study on the macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera showed correlations between gut microbiota and 15 physiological variables, especially oral glucose tolerance, liver weight and abdominal fat pads [21]. ...
The microalgal genus Nannochloropsis has broad applicability to produce biofuels, animal feed supplements and other value-added products including proteins, carotenoids and lipids. This study investigated a potential role of N. oceanica in the reversal of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups in a 16-week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (C and H, respectively) for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received 5% freeze-dried N. oceanica in these diets for the final eight weeks (CN and HN, respectively) of the protocol. The H diet was high in fructose and sucrose, together with increased saturated and trans fats. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and left ventricular fibrosis. N. oceanica increased lean mass in CN and HN rats, possibly due to the increased protein intake, and decreased fat mass in HN rats. Intervention with N. oceanica did not change cardiovascular, liver and metabolic parameters or gut structure. The relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria in the gut microbiota was increased. N. oceanica may be an effective functional food against metabolic syndrome as a sustainable protein source.
