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Based on a phylogenetically and morphologically distinct species, a new genus Calasterella is established. A new subfamily, Calasterelloideae, is also proposed to contain this genus.
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... Microdochium spp. are phytopathogenic fungi of the Ascomycota phylum that cause a variety of plant diseases worldwide (Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2016). Gramineous plants such as turfgrass, oat, wheat, and barley can be damaged by Microdochium spp. ...
Wheat brown foot rot (WBFR) caused by a variety of phytopathogenic fungi, is an important soil-borne and seed-borne disease of wheat. WBFR causes wheat lodging and seedling dieback, which seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. In this study, 64 isolates of WBFR were isolated from different wheat fields in Yancheng city, Jiangsu Province, China. Three pairs of primers were used to amplify the fragments of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) respectively, and the sequencing results of the fragments were analyzed with BLAST on NCBI. Through morphological and molecular identification, all the isolates were identified as Microdochium majus (Wollenweber) Glynn & Edwards. Koch's postulates verification confirmed that M. majus was the pathogen causing WBFR. Moreover, the antifungal activities of prochloraz and fludioxonil against 64 isolates of M. majus were determined based on the mycelial growth inhibition method. The results showed that fludioxonil and prochloraz had good antifungal activity against M. majus. The mean EC50 values of fludioxonil and prochloraz against M. majus were 0.2956±0.1285 μg/mL and 0.0422±0.0157 μg/mL, respectively. Pot experiments indicated that M. majus severely damaged the normal growth of wheat, while seed coating with prochloraz and fludioxonil significantly reduced the disease incidence and improved the seedling survival rates. At doses of 7.5g/100kg of fludioxonil and 15g/100kg of prochloraz, the incidence was reduced by 22.26% and 25.33%, seedling survival rates increased by 25.37% and 22.66%, and the control efficacy reached 70.02% and 72.30%, respectively. These findings provide vital references for accurate diagnosis and effective management of WBFR.
... Notes -Xenoidriella cinnamomi is related to Neoidriella desertorum CBS 985.72 (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016a), Guayaquilia cubensis and the appendaged coelomycete Ciliosporella italica. Morphologically X. cinnamomi is distinct from N. desertorum in having 1-septate conidia, and lacking chlamydospores. ...
... Idriella comprises soil-inhabiting hyphomycetes and terrestrial species worldwide (Hyde et al. 2020b). The genus is characterised by brown, aseptate conidiophores and polyblastic conidiogenous cells with hyaline, unicellular, smooth, lunate, curved conidia in the heads (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). Although the genus Idriella includes 30 species, molecular data are available for only four species and, based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, three of these species Description. ...
... have been moved out as type species and new genera have been established(Castañeda-Ruiz and Kendrick 1991;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). The taxonomic status of species morphologically similar to these three species isdebatable (Castañeda-Ruiz and Kendrick 1991;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). ...
... have been moved out as type species and new genera have been established(Castañeda-Ruiz and Kendrick 1991;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). The taxonomic status of species morphologically similar to these three species isdebatable (Castañeda-Ruiz and Kendrick 1991;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). chlamydospora Zhi.Y. ...
As China’s urbanisation continues to advance, more people are choosing to live in cities. However, this trend has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem. For instance, the accumulation of keratin-rich substrates in urban habitats has led to an increase in keratinophilic microbes. Despite this, there is still a limited amount of research on the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in urban areas. Fortunately, our group has conducted in-depth investigations into this topic since 2015. Through our research, we have discovered a significant amount of keratinophilic fungi in soil samples collected from various urban areas in China. In this study, we have identified and characterised 18 new species through the integration of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. These findings reveal the presence of numerous unexplored fungal taxa in urban habitats, emphasising the need for further taxonomic research in urban China.
... Notes -Xenoidriella cinnamomi is related to Neoidriella desertorum CBS 985.72 (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016a), Guayaquilia cubensis and the appendaged coelomycete Ciliosporella italica. Morphologically X. cinnamomi is distinct from N. desertorum in having 1-septate conidia, and lacking chlamydospores. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Aschersonia mackerrasiae on whitefly, Cladosporium corticola on bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Penicillium nudgee from soil under Melaleuca quinquenervia, Pseudocercospora blackwoodiae on leaf spot of Persoonia falcata, and Pseudocercospora dalyelliae on leaf spot of Senna alata. Bolivia, Aspicilia lutzoniana on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and Niesslia parviseta on the lower part and apothecial discs of Erioderma barbellatum onatwig. Brazil, Cyathus bonsai on decaying wood, Geastrum albofibrosum from moist soil with leaf litter, Laetiporus pratigiensis on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and Scytalidium synnematicum on dead twigs of unidentified plant. Bulgaria, Amanita abscondita on sandy soil in a plantation of Quercus suber. Canada, Penicillium acericola on dead bark of Acer saccharum, and Penicillium corticola on dead bark of Acer saccharum. China, Colletotrichum qingyuanense on fruit lesion of Capsicum annuum. Denmark, Helminthosphaeria leptospora on corticioid Neohypochnicium cremicolor. Ecuador (Galapagos), Phaeosphaeria scalesiae on Scalesia sp. Finland, Inocybe jacobssonii on calcareouss oils in dry forests and park habitats. France, Cortinarius rufomyrrheus on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster, and Periconia neominutissima on leaves of Poaceae. India, Coprinopsis fragilis on decaying bark of logs, Filoboletus keralensis on unidentified woody substrate, Penicillium sankaranii from soil, Physisporinus tamilnaduensis on the trunk of Azadirachta indica, and Poronia nagaraholensis on elephant dung. Iran, Neosetophoma fic on infected leaves of Ficus elastica. Israel, Cnidariophoma eilatica (incl. Cnidariophoma gen. nov.) from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Lyophyllum obscurum on acidic soil. Namibia, Aureobasidium faidherbiae on dead leaf of Faidherbia albida, and Aureobasidium welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis. Netherlands, Gaeumannomycella caricigena on dead culms of Carex elongata, Houtenomyces caricicola (incl. Houtenomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Carex disticha, Neodacampia ulmea (incl. Neodacampia gen. nov.) on branch of Ulmus laevis, Niesslia phragmiticola on dead standing culms of Phragmites australis, Pseudopyricularia caricicola on culms of Carex disticha, and Rhodoveronaea nieuwwulvenica on dead bamboo sticks. Norway, Arrhenia similis half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grownpath. Pakistan, Mallocybe ahmadii on soil. Poland, Beskidomyces laricis (incl. Beskidomyces gen. nov.) from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Lapidomyces epipinicola from sooty mould community on Pinus nigra, and Leptographium granulatum from a gallery of Dendroctonus micans on Picea abies. Portugal, Geoglossum azoricum on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, and Lunasporangiospora lusitanica from a biofilm covering a bio deteriorated limestone wall. Qatar, Alternaria halotolerans from hypersaline sea water, and Alternaria qatarensis from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. South Africa, Alfaria thamnochorti on culm of Thamnochortus fraternus, Knufia aloeicola on Aloe gariepensis, Muriseptatomyces restionacearum (incl.Muriseptatomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Restionaceae, Neocladosporium arctotis on nest of cases of bagworm moths(Lepidoptera, Psychidae) on Arctotis auriculata, Neodevriesia scadoxi on leaves of Scadoxus puniceus, Paraloratospora schoenoplecti on stems of Schoenoplectus lacustris, Tulasnella epidendrea from the roots of Epidendrum × obrienianum, and Xenoidriella cinnamomi (incl. Xenoidriella gen. nov.) on leaf of Cinnamomum camphora. South Korea, Lemonniera fraxinea on decaying leaves of Fraxinus sp. frompond. Spain, Atheniella lauri on the bark of fallen trees of Laurus nobilis, Halocryptovalsa endophytica from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Salicornia patula, Inocybe amygdaliolens on soil in mixed forest, Inocybe pityusarum on calcareous soil in mixed forest, Inocybe roseobulbipes on acidic soils, Neonectria borealis from roots of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris, Sympoventuria eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., and Tuber conchae fromsoil. Sweden, Inocybe bidumensis on calcareous soil. Thailand, Cordyceps sandindaengensis on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil, Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis on Coleoptera larva, buried in soil, and Samsoniella winandae on Lepidoptera pupa, buriedinsoil. Taiwan region (China), Neophaeosphaeria livistonae on dead leaf of Livistona rotundifolia. Türkiye, Melanogaster anatolicus on clay loamy soils. UK, Basingstokeomyces allii (incl. Basingstokeomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Allium schoenoprasum. Ukraine, Xenosphaeropsis corni on recently dead stem of Cornus alba. USA, Nothotrichosporon aquaticum (incl. Nothotrichosporon gen. nov.) from water, and Periconia philadelphiana from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Microdochium species have been found in both tropical and subtropical regions, including austria, australia, brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Cuba, germany, Malaysia, Mauritius, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Syria, Switzerland, UK and USA (Kwaśna & Bateman 2007, Zhang et al. 2015, 2017, hernández-restrepo et al. 2016, Zhang et al. 2017, Crous et al. 2018, Ling et al. 2019, abdelhalim et al. 2020, huang et al. 2020. These species have also been recorded from various substrates, such as plant materials (including aquatic plants), soil and air of karst caves (hoog & hermanides-Nijhof 1977, Matsushima 1989, Zhang et al. 2015, Das et al. 2020, Liu et al. 2023. ...
... however, these species have also been reported on a range of other host families including Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Iridaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Passifloraceae and Phyllanthaceae (gao et al. 2022). Interestingly, only four species were confirmed by molecular data (hernández-restrepo et al. 2016(hernández-restrepo et al. , Crous et al. 2019). based on current evidence, it appears that this genus is not specific to a certain host family or genus. ...
During our investigation of ascomycetes fungi on Poaceae, a microdochium-like fungus was collected from dead grass leaves from a terrestrial habitat in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce this fungus as Microdochium sichuanense sp. nov. Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of combined genes (LSU, ITS and rpb2) were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the new species. Microdochium sichuanense is phylogenetically closely related to M. hainanense and morphologically it fits the generic characteristics of Microdochium species in having ostiolate ascomata, peridium cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica, unitunicate, clavate to oblong, 8-spored asci and hyaline, oval to fusiform ascospores. The new species was compared with phylogenetically and morphologically closely related species, and detailed descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees of the new species are provided.
... Two phylogenetic trees were generated, and reference sequences representing 29 Microdochium spp. (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016;Liang et al. 2019), 30 Fusarium spp. consisting of diverse type species from the Northern Regional Research Laboratory (NRRL) culture collection (Laraba et al. 2021O'Donnell et al. 2010O'Donnell et al. , 2013Xia et al. 2019;Yilmaz et al. 2021), and Cryptostroma corticale (Liang et al. 2019) were obtained from Gen-Bank (Supplementary Table S1). ...
... (Fig. 2), sequence data of the TEF-1 and RPB1 loci were not available for the Microdochium spp. and C. corticale references; thus concatenated ITS and RPB2 sequences (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016) were used for analysis, and only the 21 Fusarium spp. references with available ITS sequences were included. ...
... With their fusiform conidia, Microdochium spp. superficially resemble Fusarium spp., and though M. maydis was described as a new species in 1984 (Mueller and Samuels 1984), a recent taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of Microdochium did not include M. maydis, since no cultures or molecular data were available for this species (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). In this work, isolates from Mexico clustered within FIESC, and it is possible that the initial description of M. maydis may have been of this particular complex. ...
Tar spot, caused by Phyllachora maydis, is an emerging disease of corn in the United States. Stromata of P. maydis are sometimes surrounded by necrotic lesions known as fisheyes and were previously reported to be caused by the fungus Microdochium maydis. The association of M. maydis with fisheye lesions has not been well documented outside of initial descriptions from the early 1980s. The objective of this work was to assess and identify Microdochium-like fungi associated with necrotic lesions surrounding P. maydis stromata using a culture-based method. In 2018, corn leaf samples with fisheye lesions associated with tar spot stromata were collected from 31 production fields across Mexico, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Cultures of pure isolates collected from Mexico believed to be M. maydis were included in the study. A total of 101 Microdochium/ Fusarium-like isolates were obtained from the necrotic lesions, and 91% were identified as Fusarium spp., based on initial ITS sequence data. Multi-gene (ITS, TEF1-α, RPB1, and RPB2) phylogenies were constructed for a subset of 55 isolates; Microdochium, Cryptostroma, and Fusarium reference sequences were obtained from GenBank. All the necrotic lesion isolates clustered within Fusarium lineages and were phylogenetically distinct from the Microdochium clade. All Fusarium isolates from Mexico belonged to the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex, whereas >85% of the U.S. isolates grouped within the F. sambucinum species complex. Our study suggests that initial reports of M. maydis were misidentifications of resident Fusarium spp.
[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
... Zonate, centre cottony, white to grey in the centre; sparse aerial mycelium, hazel to rosy buff towards the periphery; margin entire; reverse umber to rosy buff. Notes -Selenodriella brasiliana is morphologically very similar to S. cubensis (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016), but phylogenetically distinct. Both strains included in this study are from Brazil and previously identified as Circinotrichum sp., suggesting that this species may produce simple setae on natural substrates. ...
Circinotrichum, Gyrothrix and Vermiculariopsiella represent a complex of dematiaceous, setose, saprobic hyphomycetes that are commonly collected on plant litters in tropical, subtropical to temperate climates. Multi-locus analysis (ITS, LSU, rpb2) and morphological studies revealed that Gyrothrix and Circinotrichum are polyphyletic and species belong to 10 genera grouping in three different clades within Xylariales, named Coniocessiaceae (Circinotrichum and Pirozynskiomyces gen. nov.), Microdochiaceae (Selenodriella and the resurrected genus Peglionia) and the new family Gyrothricaceae (Gyrothrix, Xenoanthostomella, Neogyrothrix gen. nov., Pseudocircinotrichum gen. nov., and Pseudoceratocladium gen. nov.). Vermiculariopsiella (Vermiculariopsiellales, Vermiculariopsiellaceae) is emended for species with setose sporodochia with simple setae (V. dichapetali, V. eucalypticola, V. immersa, V. pini, V. spiralis, V. australiensis sp. nov.) while Vermiculariopsis is resurrected and includes setose fungi with branched setae (Vs. dunni, Vs. eucalypti, Vs. eucalyptigena, Vs. lauracearum, Vs. microsperma, Vs. pediculata and Vs. castanedae sp. nov.).
Citation: Hernández-Restrepo M, Decock CA, Costa MM, et al. 2022. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Circinotrichum, Gyrothrix, Vermiculariopsiella and other setose hyphomycetes. Persoonia 49: 99–135. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.03.
... Glynn & S.G. Edwards and M. nivale sensu strict (Glynn et al. 2005), both previously treated as M. nivale, cause the growth of pink snow mold, also known as Microdochium patches on turf, forage grasses, and cereals (Tronsmo et al. 2001;Abdelhalim et al. 2020). In cold to temperate areas, a Microdochium patch is an economically important disease of wheat and barley (Glynn et al. 2005;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016). At warmer temperatures, they also induce crown rot, leaf blotch, and FHB. ...
Microdochium spp. are the causal agents of seedling blight, crown rot, leaf blotch, and head blight on wheat and other small-
grain cereals grown in many areas worldwide. Twenty isolates of Microdochium sp. obtained from symptomatic wheat crowns
were collected from nine provinces in the center and to the east of northern Algeria. The assignment of isolates to the genus Microdochium was based on microscopic and macroscopic morphological criteria. Using species specifc primers, the two
species M. nivale and M. majus were identifed. Molecular identifcation revealed that 75% of isolates were M. nivale (n=16), and 25% of isolates were M. majus (n=4). The two species showed optimal conidiation and mycelial growth at 20 °C and
25 °C, respectively. Furthermore, potato sucrose-salt agar together with potato dextrose agar media appeared to be the most
favorable for conidiation and mycelial growth, contrary to synthetic nutrient-poor agar, which was unfavorable for both
conidiation and mycelial growth. The aggressiveness of Microdochium spp. isolates was assessed by in vitro and in planta
bioassays on wheat leaves, crowns, and heads. The results obtained showed no signifcant diference between the crown rot
severity of M. nivale and M. majus (P=0.22), with mean disease indices of 1.7 and 1.38, respectively. In contrast, M. nivale
was more aggressive on wheat leaves and heads than M. majus (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The data obtained in
the current study revealed that M. nivale isolates were more aggressive than M. majus isolates on Algerian wheat.
... Therefore, both DNA sequences and morphological characters were very important to identify species of Microdochium. After continuous efforts of many researchers, many species have been revised, with the implementation of "one fungus one name" nomenclature, Microdochium have been retained as a genus name (Hernández Restrepo et al. 2016). ...
... 2022). Some species of Microdochium have been reported as plant pathogens, particularly on grasses and cereals, parasitic in economically important wheat, barley, rice and corn (Sydow 1924, Sutto 1972, Zhang et al. 2015, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016, Marin-Felix et al. 2019, Liang et al. 2019, causing economic losses. For example, M. triticicola H. Kwaśna & G.L. Bateman was pathogen of wheat (Kwasna et al. 2007); M. majus (Wollenw.) ...
... For example, M. triticicola H. Kwaśna & G.L. Bateman was pathogen of wheat (Kwasna et al. 2007); M. majus (Wollenw.) Glynn & S.G. Edwards was pathogen of cereals (Jewell et al. 2013); M. paspali W. Zhang, Z. B. Nan & M. J. Hu was causing seashore paspalum disease (Zhang et al. 2015); M. fisheri M. Hernández-Restrepo, J.Z. Groenewald & P.W. Crous was isolated from rhizospheric soil of paddy (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016); M. nivale (Fries) Samuels & I.C. Hallett was pathogen of Agrostis Linn., Lolium Linn. ...
Microdochium includes important plant pathogens, parasitic in economically important wheat, barley, rice and corn, causing economic losses. A new species, Microdochium chuxiongense, was isolated from the host Bondarzewia sp. and reported from China. It was characterized by mycelium immersed and superficial and branched. Conidiophores were cylindrical, borne from the hyphae. Conidiogenous cells were sparse, hyaline, solitary, occasionally curved or swollen. Conidia were single or multiple, long oval, shuttle or sickle, straight or curved, and 0(–3)-septate. Chlamydospores were produced directly from mycelium, single, round or palmate. It was well-supported based on morphological characters and molecular evidence (LSU, ITS, tub2 and rpb2), and was a distinct species within the genus Microdochium. This work increases our understanding of the distribution and host diversity in this group, and provides important taxonomic data to further explore evolutionary relationships in the species of Microdochium.
... However, M. maculosum has clear morphological differences distinguishing it from M. fisheri and M. indocalami. Microdochium fisheri has fusoid, obovoid, subpyriform to clavate (7-12 × 3-4 μm, 0-1-septate) conidia (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016a), and M. indocalami has conidia which are cylindrical, clavate to obovoid (13 -15.5 × 3.5 -5.5 μm, 1-3-septate) and have a flattened base and no distinct hila (Huang et al. 2020). On the other hand, the new species M. maculosum has fusoid, straight or curved conidia (6-15 × 2-4 µm, 1-3-septate). ...
