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Sanghuangporus pilatii. A. basidiome (M. Tomšovský 40/2011), B. pores (BRNM 771989), C. imperfect stage (unrecorded specimen) — the chlamydospores are developed on the top of the cone-shaped structure. Photo M. Tomšovský.
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Phellinus pilatii Černý differs from the genuine Phellinus species by the coloured basidiospores and its ecological features resemble to some Inonotus spp. Phylogenetical study was conducted to elucidate its position within Hymenochaetales. The DNA sequence data reveal its proximity Sanghuangporus − the newly described genus for some members of Ino...
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... Therefore, it seems necessary for modeling the geographic distribution of Sanghuangporus all over the world as well as China. However, the public occurrence records of Sanghuangporus outside China are rarely known in East Asia (Wu et al., 2012), Vietnam , Central Asia (Gafforov et al., 2020), Iran (Ghobad-Nejhad, 2015, Central Europe (Tomšovský, 2015), North America (Shen et al., 2021), Australia and Africa (Zhou et al., 2016). These few records are not enough to accurately perform a global distribution modeling. ...
The genus Sanghuangporus is well-known for its edible and medicinal values. In this study, the most comprehensive occurrence records of Sanghuangporus with accurate species identification are subjected to MaxEnt, to model the current geographic distribution and future range shifts under multiple climate change scenarios in China. The current potential distribution model of Sanghuangporus is excellently predicted as indicated by the value of Area Under Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve. The current potential distribution basically corresponds to the known occurrence records of Sanghuangporus, and provides clues to new suitable habitats. The critical environmental variables to the distribution are annual precipitation, host plant, annual mean temperature and elevation. Host plant is not the most critical contribution to the model, but it indeed plays a decisive role in restricting the distribution of Sanghuangporus. This role is further confirmed by the distribution area of the highly suitable habitat increasing by 155.468%, when excluding host plant from environmental variables. For future scenarios, generally the area of highly suitable habitat for Sanghuangporus extremely increases, but the locations do not change a lot. In conclusion, this study provides important ecological information for the utilization and conservation of the edible and medicinal fungus Sanghuangporus.
... Besides morphological and ecological (host preference) characters, the ITS barcoding region provides the most powerful tool for differentiating species of the genus. For example, more than half of the known species of Sanghuangporus were discovered with the aid of the ITS region alone (Wu et al. 2012a(Wu et al. , 2019bTian et al. 2013;Ghobad-Nejhad 2015;Tomšovský 2015;Zhu et al. 2017). Moreover, the reliability of the ITS region for species differentiation in the genus has been substantiated by a multilocus-based phylogenetic analysis (Zhu et al. 2019). ...
... All the ITS sequences matching these queries that had been deposited until 30 April 2020 were retrieved from GenBank (Table 1). In addition, recently published papers related to the taxonomy of Sanghuangporus were checked for supplementary information on collections generating these sequences (Wu et al. 2012a(Wu et al. , 2019bZhou and Qin 2012;Tian et al. 2013;Ghobad-Nejhad 2015;Tomšovský 2015;Han et al. 2016;Zhou et al. 2016;Zhu et al. 2019;Huo et al. 2020;Shao et al. 2020). ...
“Sanghuang” refers to a group of important traditionally-used medicinal mushrooms belonging to the genus Sanghuangporus . In practice, species of Sanghuangporus referred to in medicinal studies and industry are now differentiated mainly by a BLAST search of GenBank with the ITS barcoding region as a query. However, inappropriately labeled ITS sequences of “Sanghuang” in GenBank restrict accurate species identification and, to some extent, the utilization of these species as medicinal resources. We examined all available 271 ITS sequences related to “Sanghuang” in GenBank including 31 newly submitted sequences from this study. Of these sequences, more than half were mislabeled so we have now corrected the corresponding species names. The mislabeled sequences mainly came from strains utilized by non-taxonomists. Based on the analyses of ITS sequences submitted by taxonomists as well as morphological characters, we separate the newly described Sanghuangporus subbaumii from S. baumii and treat S. toxicodendri as a later synonym of S. quercicola . Fourteen species of Sanghuangporus are accepted, with intraspecific distances up to 1.30% (except in S. vaninii , S. weirianus and S. zonatus ) and interspecific distances above 1.30% (except between S. alpinus and S. lonicerinus , and S. baumii and S. subbaumii ). To stabilize the concept of these 14 species of Sanghuangporus , their taxonomic information and reliable ITS reference sequences are provided. Moreover, ten potential diagnostic sequences are provided for Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification to rapidly confirm three common commercial species, viz. S. baumii , S. sanghuang , and S. vaninii . Our results provide a practical method for ITS barcoding-based species identification of Sanghuangporus and will promote medicinal studies and commercial development from taxonomically correct material.
... This taxonomic system is widely acknowledged and soon four new members were added to Sanghuangporus. [22][23][24][25] To date, 14 species distributed around the world are accepted in Sanghuangporus and are considered to be members of 'Sanghuang' (Table 1, Fig. 1). Noteworthily, members of Tropicoporus, including T. linteus (Berk. ...
‘Sanghuang’ is one of the most important groups of medicinal macrofungi and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the past two centuries. However, knowledge about ‘Sanghuang’ is distributed in journals of different disciplines, which has meant it is not well known. To facilitate the benefit of ‘Sanghuang’ to human health, here we summarize its current status as a group of medicinal macrofungi. ‘Sanghuang’ consists of all members of the genus Sanghuangporus, which now accommodates 14 described species distributed around the world. The powders or chips of basidiocarps as supplements are the main method of consumption. In the case that wild basidiocarps of ‘Sanghuang’ are not sufficient, cultivation is supposed to provide a solution to promote the long-term utilization of ‘Sanghuang’ basidiocarps. ‘Sanghuang’ mainly possesses antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and other medicinal properties. Polysaccharides, polyphenols, pyrones, and terpenes are the main metabolites responsible for these medicinal functions. Finally, four directions are proposed to improve the sustainable utilization of ‘Sanghuang’ resources, viz. accurate identification and standard deposition, documentation of species diversity, multi-omics analyses, and a cover-all database. Hopefully, this review will draw more attention to the utilization of ‘Sanghuang’ as medicinal mushrooms in a large scale of industry.
... Sanghuangporus sanghuang (Sheng H. Wu et al.) Sheng H. Wu et al., the generic type, was detected by Wu et al. (2012) as the genuine Sanghuang species growing exclusively on Morus in the wild. Before this study, 13 species of Sanghuangporus were known (Ghobad-Nejhad 2015;Tomsovsky 2015;Zhou et al. 2016;Zhu et al. 2017). In this study, we present a new species of Sanghuangporus sp. ...
... ( Zhu et al.'s (2019) phylogenetic study showed the monophyly of the genus Sanghuangporus spp., and the result coincides with the present study (Fig. 1). The genus Sanghuangporus comprises 14 species (Ghobad-Nejhad 2015;Tomsovsky 2015;Zhou et al. 2016;Zhu et al. 2017), after including S. toxicodendri presented here. It is not easy to identify some species of Sanghuangporus spp., as there are not that many good morphological characteristics to separate them. ...
Sanghuangporus toxicodendri (Hymenochaetales) is described as new based on collections made from Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province, China. All studied basidiocarps grew on living trunks of Toxicodendron sp. This new species is characterized by having perennial, effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps; pore surface brownish yellow or yellowish brown, pores 7-9 per mm; context 1-5 mm thick or almost invisible; setae ventricose, dark brown, 26-42 × 7-10 μm; basidia 4-sterigmate or occasionally 2-sterigmate; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid, smooth, brownish yellow, slightly thick-walled, mostly 3.5-4 × 2.8-3 μm. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenies inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA indicated that Sanghuangporus spp. formed a monophyletic clade and resolved as a sister to Tropicoporus spp., and six strains of S. toxicodendri formed a monophyletic group which is sister to S. quercicola. An identification key to known species of Sanghuangporus is provided.
... Species in this genus form parasitic relationships with Alnus, Juglans, Lonicera, Morus, Populus, Quercus, Syringa, and Weigela (Dai, 2010;Wu et al., 2012). In the past few years, several studies have examined the phylogenetic relationships within Sanghuangporus (Dai, 2010;Wu et al., 2012;Vlasák et al., 2013;Tian et al., 2013;Ghobad-Nejhad, 2015;Tomsovsky, 2015;Zhou et al., 2016;Zhu et al., 2017). Thirteen species are currently accepted in the genus: S. alpinus (Y.C. ...
... Thirteen species are currently accepted in the genus: S. alpinus (Y.C. Dai (Dai, 2010;Wu et al., 2012;Tian et al., 2013;Vlasák et al., 2013;Ghobad-Nejhad, 2015;Tomsovsky, 2015;Zhou et al., 2016;Zhu et al., 2017). ...
... Previous phylogenetic analyses of Sanghuangporus used the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Tian et al., 2013;Vlasák et al., 2013;Ghobad-Nejhad, 2015;Tomsovsky, 2015), and these studies were mainly focused on the descriptions of new species. Recently, Zhou et al. (2016) used the ITS and the nuclear large subunit rDNA (nrLSU) to analyze Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus L.W. Zhou and Y.C. Dai. ...
“Sanghuang” is a popular fungus used as a Chinese traditional medicine. In fact, it represents a group of fungi belonging to the genus Sanghuangporus, but little is known about its origin and biogeography. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular relationships, origin and biogeographical distribution of Sanghuangporus. The multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships. In addition, based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2), we used a fungus fossil-based approach to gain insight into the divergence time of species in Sanghuangporus. The molecular phylogeny strongly supports the monophyly of Sanghuangporus (MP = 100%, ML = 100%, and BPP = 1.00), and 13 species are recognized in this genus. The Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock using BEAST and reconstructed ancestral areas indicate that the maximum crown age of Sanghuangporus is approximately 30.85 million years. East Asia is the likely ancestral area (38%). Dispersal and differentiation to other continents then occurred during the late Middle Miocene and Pliocene. The ancestor of Sanghuangporus probably originated in palaeotropical Northeast Asia and covered Northeast Asia and East Africa during the Oligocene-Miocene, hosted by plants that expanded via the “Gomphotherium Landbridge.” Six kinds of dispersal routes are proposed, including intercontinental dispersal events of three clades between Northeast Asia and East Africa, between East Asia and North America, and between Northeast Asia and Europe.
... It originally included S. alpinus, S. baumii, S. lonicericola, S. lonicerinus, S. microcystideus, S. sanghuang, S. vaninii, S. weigelae, S. weirianus and S. zonatus (Zhou et al., 2015). Three more species have been added later, viz. S. ligneus, S. pilatii and S. quercicola (Ghobad-Nejhad, 2015;Tomsovsky, 2015;Zhu et al., 2017). The Asian species have been referred to in the literature as medicinal mushrooms. ...
Bioassay guided fractionation of extracts derived from submerged cultures of a Sanghuangporus sp. (i.e., the
genus that was until recently referred to as the “Inonotus linteus complex” of medicinal mushrooms) originating from Kenya led to the isolation of a new spiro [furan-2,1’-indine]-3-one derivative, for which we propose the trivial name phelligridin L (1) together with the known compounds 3,14′-bihispidinyl (2), hispidin (3), ionylideneacetic
acid (4), 1S-(2E)-5-[(1R)-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl]-3-methylpent-2-enoic acid (5), phellidine E (6) and phellidine D (7). Compounds 1–3, showed moderate nematicidal activity against
Caenorhabditis elegans with LD50 of 12.5 μg/m. The nematicidal activity of 3, 14′-bihispidinyl and hispidin (1, 2) has not been reported before. Furthermore, compounds 1–5 demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against various test organisms.
... is highly diagnostic. Its unorthodox micromorphological (presence of anamorphic state) and molecular characteristics have led to its inclusion in the genus Sanghuangporus(TOMŠOVSKÝ 2015). Although collections of perfect fruiting bodies are rare, it is probably more widespread in southern Moravia, as indicated by the original work of ÈERNÝ (1968), who cited several dozen localities in this region. ...
Moravia – I. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 102(1): 49–87. – An annotated list of some remarkable collections of rare polypores, mainly from the territory of Moravia, is given. Altogether, 36 species are presented, most of them illlustrated with a colour photograph. Some information on their distribution, ecology and key characters is provided. New localities of species previously known merely from only one (Aurantiporus alborubescens, Chaetoporellus latitans, Riopa metamorphosa) or two (Jahnoporus hirtus) in Czechia were disclosed, and a few species (Byssoporia terrestris, Phellinus lundellii) are published for the first time for the territory of Moravia. Further, many new localities for certain other very rare polypores (Gelatoporia subvermispora, Porotheleum fimbriatum, Tyromyces kmetii, Yuchengia narymica) are presented.
... Sanghuangporus is one of the most important medicinal fungal genera, 12 species were described in or transferred to the genus previously (Ghobad-Nejhad 2015, Tomsovsky 2015, Zhou et al. 2016). In the current paper, one additional species is described based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. ...
Based on phylogenetic studies, the Inonotus linteus complex has been recently divided into two genera, Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus. During investigations on the species diversity of the Inonotus linteus complex from China, a new species, Sanghuangporus quercicola sp. nov., is described based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, it is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiomata, a heterogeneous hyphal system with monomitic in context and dimitic in trama, and broadly subglobose to ovoid, thick-walled basidiospores measuring as 3–3.9 × 2.4–2.8 μm. Phylogenetically, the status of S. quercicola is strongly supported based on sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are presented. A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and two or multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Coltricia, Fomitiporella, Fomitiporia, Fulvifomes, Fuscoporia, Inonotus, Phylloporia, Porodaedalea, Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus, were carried out. Based on samples from 37 countries of five continents, seven new genera, Meganotus, Neophellinus, Nothonotus, Pachynotus, Perenninotus, Pseudophylloporia and Rigidonotus, are introduced, 37 new species, Coltricia tibetica, Fomitiporella crassa, F. queenslandica, Fomitiporia eucalypti, F. gatesii, F. ovoidospora, Fulvifomes azonatus, F. caligoporus, F. costaricense, F. floridanus, F. jouzaii, F. nakasoneae, F. subindicus, Fuscoporia sinuosa, F. submurina, Inonotus subradiatus, I. vietnamensis, Neomensularia castanopsidis, Pachynotus punctatus, Phellinus cuspidatus, P. subellipsoideus, Phylloporia minutissima, P. tabernaemontanae, Porodaedalea occidentiamericana, P. orientoamericana, P. qilianensis, P. schrenkianae, Pseudophylloporia australiana, Sanghuangporus australianus, S. lagerstroemiae, Tropicoporus angustisulcatus, T. hainanicus, T. lineatus, T. minus, T. ravidus, T. substratificans and T. tenuis, are described, and 108 new combinations are proposed. In addition, one illegitimate name and two invalid names are renamed, and Coltricia and Coltriciella were synonymized. The taxonomic relevance and limits of the new taxa are discussed. Photos and illustrations for 37 new species are presented, and a full description for each new species is given. Eventually, this study recognizes 672 species in 34 genera and provides a modern treatment of the poroid Hymenochaetaceae in the world. A key to the accepted poroid genera of Hymenochaetaceae is provided, and identification keys to the accepted species of 32 poroid genera worldwide are given. A synopsis description of each species is included in these keys.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are presented. A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Clotricia , Fomitiporella , Fomitiporia , Fulvifomes , Fuscoporia , Inonotus , Phylloporia , Porodaedalea , Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus , were carried out. Based on samples from 37 countries of five continents, seven new genera, Meganotus, Neophellinus, Nothonotus, Pachynotus, Perenninotus, Pseudophylloporia and Rigidonotus, are introduced, 37 new species, Coltricia tibetica , Fomitiporella crassa , F. queenslandica , Fomitiporia eucalypti, F. gatesii , F. ovoidospora , Fulvifomes azonatus, F. caligoporus , F. costaricense , F. floridanus , F. jouzaii , F. nakasoneae , F. subindicus , Fuscoporia sinuosa , F. submurina , Inonotus subradiatus , I. vietnamensis , Neomensularia castanopsidis , Pachynotus punctatus , Phellinus cuspidatus , P. subellipsoideus , Phylloporia minutissima , P. tabernaemontanae , Porodaedalea occidentiamericana , P. orientoamericana , P. qilianensis , P. schrenkianae , Pseudophylloporia australiana , Sanghuangporus australianus , S. lagerstroemiae , Tropicoporus angustisulcatus , T. hainanicus , T. lineatus , T. minus , T. ravidus , T. substratificans and T. tenuis, are described, and 108 new combinations are proposed. In addition, one illegitimate name and two invalid names are renamed. The taxonomic relevance and limits of the new taxa are discussed. Photos and illustrations for 37 new species are presented, and a full description for each new species is given. Eventually, this study recognizes 672 species in 34 genera and provides a modern treatment of the poroid Hymenochaetaceae in the world. A key to the accepted poroid genera of Hymenochaetaceae is provided, and identification keys to the accepted species of 32 poroid genera worldwide are given. A synopsis description of each species is included in these keys.
