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... bream (Abramis brama), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), pike pearch (Stizostedion lucioperca), barbel (Barbus barbus), tench (Tinca tinca), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Two locations were chosen as sampling points: up and downstream from city of Pancevo, Serbia (Fig. 1). According to our knowledge, the upstream sampling site is free of any major industrial complex that could cause pollution in this location. The distance between up and downstream fishing sites is approximately 300 km, allowing the minimization of the influence of fish migration behaviour on results obtained in this ...
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... The maximum level of 100 ng/g fresh weight for the sum of six ndl PCBs in fish has been proposed by the European Commission (EC) draft regulation (AFSSA, 2007). It can be seen from Table 6 that the mean concentration of ndl PCBs is far from the European draft maximum level (Jankovic et al. 2008(Jankovic et al. , 2010. According to a EFSA document (EFSA, 2005) more than 90% of the ndl PCB exposure in the general population is via food. ...
... The maximum level of 100 ng/g fresh weight for the sum of six ndl PCBs in fish has been proposed by the European Commission (EC) draft regulation (AFFSA, 2007). It can be seen from the Table 1 that mean concentration of ndl PCBs is far from European draft maximum level (Jankovic et al. 2008. ...
... Besides, in 1999 UNEP/UNHCS reported the data on measurements of PCBs in the sediment of the Danube (Serbia), revealing the concentrations from 80 to 1600 ng/g (UNEP/UNCHS 1999). Our previously published results have shown that the sum of six PCBs congeners reaches the level of around 100 ng/g fresh weight of fish cought from the Danube whereas Hg and DDT levels were up to 50 and 120 ng/g, respectively (Spiric et al., 2001;Jankovic et al., 2008Jankovic et al., , 2009Jankovic et al., , 2010. However, it should be mentioned that other chemicals such as cadmium, lead, organochlorine insecticides (other than DDT), PCDDs, PCDFs etc. may be also present in fish. ...
The aim of this work was to assess the risk due to mercury (Hg), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ndl PCBs) intake via fish consumption in Serbia. We have developed 24 scenarios using four concentration levels (mean, maximum, 50th and 95th percentile) of contaminants, determined in 521 samples of fish products available on Serbian market; two consumption levels (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization data and recommendation of American Heart Association); and three body weights (5th, 50th and 95th percentile). All the values concerning the intake of DDT are below the corresponding health based guidance value. Calculated weekly intake of Hg using maximal concentration, intake of 340g/week and 5th percentile of body weight exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). When maximal and 95th percentile concentration of ndl PCBs was used, weekly intakes exceeded a "guidance value" with one exception i.e., when 95th percentile of concentration along with 95th percentile of body weight were used. Concerning Hg and ndl PCBs, when extreme concentrations were used, HIs exceeded the value of 1, indicating that fish and fishery products may pose a threat to consumer's health.
This study investigated the presence of 18 dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl- and ndl-PCBs), heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, and As) in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and their distribution in Jiangsu, China. Risk assessment and source apportionment were employed for evaluating the eco-toxicological impact and human exposure. It was found that the compositions of PCBs varied spatially, suggesting different sources of pollutants, whilst PCB 28, 105, 114, and 126 were consistently found in all sample types, suggesting a common pollution source remained, and the bio-accumulation process was in effect. The total PCBs in sediment were found much higher than in water, and brown meat had the highest and most diverse PCB congeners among all tissues. The presence of heavy metals was found in all samples in descending order of As>Cd>Pb>Hg and in the order of shell>brown meat>white meat>gill for crabs. The results of risk assessment indicated that the potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were within the acceptable range for long-term consumption of the crabs overall. However, the highest toxic equivalent (TEQ), carcinogenic, and non-carcinogenic risks were all recorded in Location C, where dl-PCB 126, 169, and As contributed to the majority of the risks. The ecological risk posed by all HMs was low, but cases of serious point source pollution have been found in the investigated regions, and risks caused by Cd individually should raise concerns. Source apportionment study revealed that the contaminants mostly originated from anthropogenic activities. Natural deposition and transportation played an important role as well.
