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Samples used in this study, their traditional uses and percentage yields of methanol extracts
Source publication
The methanol extracts of 20 selected medicinal plants were investigated for their effects on the respiratory burst of human whole blood, isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and isolated mice macrophages using a luminol/lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. We also tested the effect of the extracts on chemotactic migration of PMNs...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... present study was carried out to investigate the effects of methanol extracts of 20 selected medicinal plants on the ROS production of human whole blood, isolated PMNs and isolated mice macrophage cells, and chemotaxis of PMNs induced by the bacterial peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leu- cyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). The plants were selected based on their uses in traditional medicine for treating microbial and viral infections, fever, allergy and various inflammatory conditions (Table 1) [11]. ...
Context 2
... plants were collected from different parts of pen- insular Malaysia between March and July 2008. The vou- cher specimens were identified by Dr. Latiff Mohamad of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and deposited at the Herbarium of UKM, Bangi, Malaysia ( Table 1). ...
Context 3
... hundred grams of each plant material were air-dried at room temperature (26 ± 2°C), ground and soaked with methanol (3 9 500 ml, 24 h each) in a percolator until exhaustion. The methanol extracts were obtained by removing the solvent under reduced pressure to give vari- ous yields of crude extracts, calculated based on dry weight (Table 1). ...
Citations
... The extract produced significant suppression of ROS in the metabolic phase of phagocytosis (IC 50 of 0.6 ± 4.2 lg/mL compared to 3.0 ± 1.3 for the standard acetylsalicylic acid). It performed poorly in the other assays that were used in the study, including the PMN chemotaxis assay, compared to the standard ibuprofen (Jantan et al. 2011). Another study involving both the methanol and aqueous extracts of T. crispa stem was carried out on hydrogen peroxide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells using a Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a)-induced model of inflammation. ...
Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae) is a plant indigenous to Africa and South-East Asia. It is widely used in ethnomedicine to alleviate various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, jaundice, inflammation, fever, fractures, scabies, and urinary disorders. A total of 167 phytoconstituents, belonging to 12 different chemical categories, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds have thus far been isolated from various parts of T. crispa. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have already established the antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antihyperuricemic, and pesticidal activity of this plant, as well as its effects on the cardiac and the central nervous system. Most pharmacological investigations to date have been carried out on plant extracts and fractions. The exact identity of the phytoconstituents responsible for the observed biological effects and their mode of action at the molecular level are yet to be ascertained. Toxicological studies have demonstrated that T. crispa is relatively safe, although dose-dependent hepatotoxicity is a concern at high doses. This review presents a comprehensive update and analysis on studies related to the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of T. crispa. It provides some critical insights into the current scientific knowledge on this plant and its future potential in pharmaceutical research.
... The results suggest ability to modulate the innate immune response of phagocytes at different steps, emphasizing their potential as a source of new immune-modulatory agents. 96 The black pepper and cardamom extracts significantly enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, indicating their potential anti-cancer effects and exert immune-modulatory roles and antitumor activities. 97 • Antibacterial activity: Piper nigrum extract exerts significant inhibition on Gram positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Gram negative strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Salmonella typhi and E. coli in-vitro. ...
This booklet covers easily available medicinal plant products that have been used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for various indications and have useful properties in respiratory infections and have been also shown to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory ands other properties which can be beneficial in such infections.
... Moreover, the extract significantly inhibited the release of ROS from zymosan-induced PMNs and macrophages. C. zanthorrhiza also showed strong inhibition on PMN migration, with an IC 50 value of 2.5 μg/ml (Jantan et al., 2011). A previous study reported that the methanol extract of C. zanthorrhiza rhizomes showed strong inhibition on the expression of CD18/11a; meanwhile, the extract has low effect on leukocyte phagocytosis (Harun et al., 2015). ...
... Interestingly, C. aeruginosa extract also possessed significant ROS inhibitory activity for lucigeninenhanced CL. However, C. aeruginosa revealed low inhibition on PMN chemotaxis toward the chemoattractant, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), with percentage inhibition of 49.9% (Jantan et al., 2011). ...
... C. mangga rhizome extract possessed high ROS inhibitory activity in PMNs and peritoneal macrophages as investigated in a luminol-enhanced CL assay. The extract also inhibited the release of ROS from PMNs and macrophages in a lucigenin-enhanced CL assay, with IC 50 values of 0.9 and 6.6 μg/ ml, respectively (Jantan et al., 2011). C. mangga methanol extract has also been found to significantly suppress the cell surface expression of CD18/11a as compared to the negative control. ...
Curcuma species (family: Zingiberaceae) are widely utilized in traditional medicine to treat diverse immune-related disorders. There have been many scientific studies on their immunomodulating effects to support their ethnopharmacological uses. In this review, the efficacy of six Curcuma species, namely, C. longa L., C. zanthorrhiza Roxb., C. mangga Valeton & Zijp, C. aeruginosa Roxb. C. zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, and C. amada Roxb., and their bioactive metabolites to modulate the immune system, their mechanistic effects, and their potential to be developed into effective and safe immunomodulatory agents are highlighted. Literature search has been carried out extensively to gather significant findings on immunomodulating activities of these plants. The immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma species were critically analyzed, and future research strategies and appropriate perspectives on the plants as source of new immunomodulators were discussed. Most of the pharmacological investigations to evaluate their immunomodulatory effects were in vivo and in vitro experiments on the crude extracts of the plants. The extracts were not chemically characterized or standardized. Of all the Curcuma species investigated, the immunomodulatory effects of C. longa were the most studied. Most of the bioactive metabolites responsible for the immunomodulating activities were not determined, and mechanistic studies to understand the underlying mechanisms were scanty. There are limited clinical studies to confirm their efficacy in human. Of all the bioactive metabolites, only curcumin is undergoing extensive clinical trials based on its anti-inflammatory properties and main use as an adjuvant for the treatment of cancer. More in-depth studies to understand the underlying mechanisms using experimental in vivo animal models of immune-related disorders and elaborate bioavailability, preclinical pharmacokinetics, and toxicity studies are required before clinical trials can be pursued for development into immunomodulatory agents.
... The modulation of the phagocytes innate immune response by Alpinia galangal, immunomodulatory activity of Citrus aurantifolia and Curcuma longa (Jantan et al., 2011) The modification of the classical jamu kunyit asam formula, traditionally used as a general tonic for maintaining overall health (Andrie et al., 2014) Formula 3: Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizomes, Phyllanthus niruri aerial parts, and Zingiber officinale var. ...
As the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues while there is no drug and vaccine available, every effort to discover one should be considered. This review aimed to discuss the potential use of jamu, the Indonesian traditional herbal medicine, to deal with COVID-19 by following those of more-established traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The online literature search using the PubMed database, as well as the circulars from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, were carried out to collect data up to June 07, 2020. The use of TCM for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 has been officiated in the Chinese National Clinical Guideline on COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia, with shen-fu-tang + su-he-xiang pill and xiang-sha-liu-junzi-tang as the most frequently suggested formulae to treat severe and recovery stages of COVID-19, respectively. In Indonesia, the highly promoted product for the prevention of this disease is likely the adaptation of a TCM formula, while the use of some other formulae, which mainly containing Zingiberaceae, is suggested by the Government for the said purpose. The rationalization of the use of medicinal plants and suggested polyherbal formulae, based on their available pharmacological activity and the bioactive compounds, is also discussed in this review. The use of jamu for COVID-19, however, needs to be carefully considered for the limited scientific data available to support it.
... A modified method was used to isolate PMNs [17]. In brief, the mixture of whole blood with an equal volume of PBS and dextran was left for sedimentation at room temperature for 45 min. ...
... Chemotaxis assay was performed using a modified 48-wells Boyden chamber as described in our previous work [17]. In brief, 25 µL of chemoattractant was added at the lower part of the chamber. ...
... Luminol-based chemiluminescence assay was used to determine ROS production during respiratory burst as previously described [17]. ...
Objective: To evaluate the immunosuppressive effect on human phagocytes and antibacterial activity of dihydromorin and norartocarpetin isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods.
Methods: Dihydromorin and norartocarpetin were isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods. A modified Boyden chamber was used to determine the chemotactic activity of human phagocyte. The respiratory burst was evaluated by chemiluminescence assay. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was quantified using a colorimetric assay. The broth microdilution method was performed to assess their antibacterial activity.
Results: Dihydromorin exhibited potent inhibitory effect on the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with an IC50 value of 5.03 μg/mL. Dihydromorin also inhibited reactive oxygen species production of whole blood cells, PMNs, and monocytes with IC50 values of 7.88, 7.59 and 7.24 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, dihydromorin also strongly inhibited the MPO activity of PMNs with an IC50 value of 5.24 μg/mL, which was lower than indomethacin (24.6 μg/mL). Molecular docking of dihydromorin and crystal structure of MPO showed that dihydromorin had close interaction with key amino acid residues such as Arg239 and Gln91. Antibacterial activity assay showed that only dihydromorin had a strong effect against Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC and MBC values of 15.62 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusions: The results suggest that dihydromorin could be developed as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent.
... A modified method was used to isolate PMNs [17]. In brief, the mixture of whole blood with an equal volume of PBS and dextran was left for sedimentation at room temperature for 45 min. ...
... Chemotaxis assay was performed using a modified 48-wells Boyden chamber as described in our previous work [17]. In brief, 25 µL of chemoattractant was added at the lower part of the chamber. ...
... Luminol-based chemiluminescence assay was used to determine ROS production during respiratory burst as previously described [17]. ...
... The non-toxic concentrations mean that the cells are viable >95% and could be assayed for their effects on immune system. [16] All the compounds showed high inhibition on PMN chemotaxis with phyltetralin as the most active compound. The result was in agreement with previous study which reported that phyltetralin showed high lymphocyte anti-proliferation activity. ...
Objective
To investigate the immunosuppressive effects of ethyl 8‐hydroxy‐8‐methyl‐tridecanoate, 1‐triacontanol, phyltetralin and 1,7,8‐trihydroxy 2‐naphtaldehyde isolated from Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. on chemotaxis, oxidative burst, CD18 complex expression and phagocytosis ability of human leucocytes.
Methods
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration activity was measured using a modified Boyden chamber, and inhibition on oxidative burst was determined by chemiluminescence assay. The effects on CD18 complex expression and phagocytosis ability were evaluated by flow cytometry.
Key findings
All compounds tested exhibited significant inhibitory effects on chemotaxis and respiratory burst. Among the compounds tested, phyltetralin demonstrated the highest inhibition on PMN chemotaxis with an IC50 value of 4.01 µm . Phyltetralin and 1,7,8‐trihydroxy 2‐naphtaldehyde showed strong inhibition against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from PMA‐stimulated neutrophil with IC50 values of 0.73 and 0.79 µm , respectively, which were comparable to that of aspirin (0.77 µm ). All compounds showed weak inhibition on CD18 expression and moderate inhibition on engulfment activity.
Conclusion
Compounds isolated from P. amarus possessed immunosuppressive effects on different lineages of innate immune system.
... 4 Beside their advantageous for defensive mechanism, inflammation is also associated with various chronic diseases including arthritis rheumatoid. 5 Thus, it has been suggested that modulation immune cells by suppressing their over activity could be used a basis for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. ...
... The PMN isolation was performed according to method as described by Jantan et al., with slight modification. 5 Briefly, the whole blood was obtained from healthy volunteers. The blood was then aliquot into falcon tubes and added with an equal volume of dextran and PBS, the mixture was left for sedimentation at room temperature for 45 min. ...
... The testing was performed using a 48-well Boyden chamber with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) as a chemoattractant as previously described by Jantan et al. 5 Briefly, aliquot of 25 µL fMLP (10 -8 M) was added at the lower part of chamber, 5 µL of serial dilutions of sample (6.25-100 µg/mL) were added to the upper part containing 45 µL PMNs/ monocytes (1 × 10 6 cells/mL) suspended in HBSS ++ . The final concentrations of samples in the mixture were adjusted to 10-0.625 µg/mL. ...
... Hal ini bermanfaat bagi penderita HIV/AIDS yang mengalami infeksi jamur karena menurunnya daya tahan tubuh. 11,12 Subjek dalam studi ini adalah pasien HIV/ AIDS yang menjalani terapi ARV, dengan kriteria inklusinya adalah terdiagnosis HIV/ AIDS dengan usia 20-50 tahun; mendapat terapi ARV dengan rutin; sukarela dan setuju mengikuti penelitian dengan menandatangani lembar persetujuan (informed consent). Kriteria eksklusinya adalah kondisi komorbid seperti penyakit ginjal, hati, jantung berat, karsinoma, penyakit paru berat; faktor psikologis yang menyebabkan pasien tidak dapat mengikuti penelitian; hipersensitif terhadap jamu, diperoleh melalui anamnesis penggunaan jamu atau obat herbal sebelumnya; dan hamil. ...
Quality of life is one of parameters to assess a theurapetic goal. Higher quality of life will increase percentage of survival as well as decrease morbidity and mortality of disease. This study was a part of Saintifikasi Jamu program, and aimed to provide information about efficacy of immunostimulant herb formula in improving quality of life HIV/AIDS patients. Immunostimulant jamu formula was given as complementary therapy along with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. The jamu formula consisted of 14g java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) rhizome, 14g mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga) rhizome, and 14g meniran (Phyllantus niruri) herbs. The jamu formula was given for 28-day intervention and compared with placebo. This research was conducted on June–October 2015 at National AIDS Commission of Sragen Regency, Central Java. This study used quasi experimental pre and posttest method, involving 60 participants whom diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Sragen Regency. The results showed that the immunostimulant jamu formula increased the mean scores of World Health Organization Quality of Life-HIV BREF (WHOQOL-HIV BREF) in psychology, independence, and general health domain significantly (p=0.014; 0.030; 0.003) and maintained the CD4+ values. Immunostimulant jamu formula changes the quality of life of subjects especially in the domain of psychologyindependence, and general health, and can maintain the CD4+ values.
... In traditional medicine, the extract of mangosteen pericarp has been used to treat a variety of ailments such as fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, menstrual cramps, urinary tract infections and many other conditions [9,10]. Recent studies on the pericarp extracts of mangosteen have shown inhibition and modulation towards, for example, advanced glycation, α-glucosidase activity, immune response and hyperglycaemia performed in cell-free and cell-based studies including whole animals and humans [11][12][13]. Therefore, the increasing economic value of this plant has resulted in its commercial cultivation especially in Southeast Asia for the regional and international markets [14,15].The pericarp of G. mangostana is saliently characterised by the abundant presence of prenylated xanthones of which α-mangostin is the major constituent. ...
The pulp and pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit are popular food, beverage and health products whereby 60% of the fruit consist of the pericarp. The major metabolite in the previously neglected or less economically significant part of the fruit, the pericarp, is the prenylated xanthone α-mangostin. This highly bioactive secondary metabolite is typically isolated using solvent extraction methods that involve large volumes of halogenated solvents either via direct or indirect extraction. In this study, we compared the quantities of α-mangostin extracted using three different extraction methods based on the environmentally friendly solvents methanol and ethyl acetate. The three solvent extractions methods used were direct extractions from methanol (DM) and ethyl acetate (DEA) as well as indirect extraction of ethyl acetate obtained via solvent partitioning from an initial methanol extract (IEA). Our results showed that direct extraction afforded similar and higher quantities of α-mangostin than indirect extraction (DM: 318 mg; DEA: 305 mg; IEA: 209 mg per 5 g total dried pericarp). Therefore, we suggest that the commonly used method of indirect solvent extraction using halogenated solvents for the isolation of α-mangostin is replaced by single solvent direct extraction using the environmentally friendly solvents methanol or ethyl acetate.
