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Widowhood is a catastrophic event at any stage of life for the surviving partner particularly in old age, with serious repercussions on their physical, economic, and emotional well-being. This study investigates the association of marital status and living arrangement with depression among older adults. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the...
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In rural India, the severe unemployment problem of unskilled labor is taken care of by the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). It is a step toward achieving our first SDG of no poverty by the government of India, which gives the right to work and ensures livelihood security in rural areas. MGNREG gives equal wages to m...
Citations
... Contrary, previous literature found sleep disorders and deterioration of self-rated health; union dissolution is highly correlated with poor health measures among the union dissolution women (Barbuscia, 2022). Studies also found that widowed older adults were more likely to be depressed than their currently married counterparts (Srivastava, 2021). In the future, research can be taken in this direction to explore the relationship of divorced/widowed women and depression as it is one of the limitations of the present study. ...
In India, around fourteen percent of women are widowed, separated, or divorced out of the total ever-married women (Census, 2011) and evidence from the recent literature suggests widowhood or divorce and its association with morbidity and mortality. Yet limited research has been carried out to explore the living arrangements and health status of widowed, separated, or divorced women. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to explore the living arrangements and health status of union dissolution women in Balasore, Odisha. The study used primary data from a sample of hundred (100) union dissolution women aged 20 to 80 years using a semi-structured interview schedule from February to April 2017. Statistical methods such as descriptive statistics have been carried out to fulfill the objectives of the study. The study found that 35% of women were either separated or divorced and 65% were widowed, with a median age of 40 years with almost half of the respondents being educated up to primary level. The majority of the women were staying in joint families with their 3 rd generation families, while only 15% were living alone. It is found that, 25% of them were working in low-paid jobs with a monthly income of less than Rs. 5,000 only. Around 62% of them belong to the below poverty line (BPL) category and merely 30% reported that they were receiving pension. Results suggest that around 21% reported that they were diagnosed with diabetes and high blood pressure, 22% had joint pain and 15% had vision-related difficulties and to meet their health expenditure, three-fourths of them were dependent on their families for treatment. Psychological health of the women suggests that 35% of them have reported anxiety, low self-esteem, sleeplessness, and loneliness, while one-fourth of the women have ever experienced physical and verbal abuse too.
... This is because women who experience urine symptoms and pelvic organ prolapse are more likely to feel ashamed of their disease and fear discrimination from others in their immediate social circle lead to depression [7,26]. This is better explained by the fact that women who have divorced have ongoing psychological stress and worry, which plays a significant role in the occurrence of depression [33][34][35]. ...
Background
Depression is a symptom characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness and poor concentration. One of the most common mental illnesses in the world and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality is depression. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of depression and the risk factors associated with it in women who had advanced pelvic organ prolapse.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine depression among advanced pelvic organ prolapse women at Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. All women who have advanced pelvic organ prolapse were consecutively included till it reached a total of 367 participants over four months. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and depression status of the participants. Depression measures were obtained by using the Patient Health Questionnaire tool, which is validated in the Ethiopian local language for chronic illnesses including pelvic organ prolapse using a cut point of five and above, which is considered to indicate depression. Women who screened positive were linked to a psychiatric clinic for further evaluation and treatment. Data was entered into a computer using Epi Info version 3.5.3 and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals with a P value less than 0.05 were used to identify statistically significant factors.
Results
The prevalence of depression was found to be 47.1% (95% CI: 43-52%). Being rural (AOR = 4.8; CI: 1.11–16.32), having a history of divorce because of pelvic organ prolapse (AOR = 5.5; CI: 1.85–16.32) and having a history of urinary symptoms (AOR = 3.1; CI: 1.12–8.59) were found to be independently associated with depression.
Conclusions
The prevalence of depression among women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse in this study is high as compared to other studies. Depression screening strategies should be designed for the early identification and treatment of depression among women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse.
... Living arrangement was categorized as "living alone," "living with spouse," and "living with spouse and children" (Saha et al., 2022). Working status was categorized as "no," and "yes" (Srivastava et al., 2021). ...
... Any neurological or psychiatric problems, i. High cholesterol. It is important to note that all reported chronic diseases were based on self-disclosure by the individuals interviewed (Srivastava et al., 2021). In the individual schedule, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) consists of difficulties with six activities related to dressing which include putting on chappals or shoes, walking across a room, difficulties in bathing, eating, getting in or out of bed, and using the toilet, including getting up and down. ...
Objectives: As populations age globally, understanding the dynamics that influence the well-being of older individuals become increasingly crucial. The research employs a comprehensive approach to unravel the multifaceted interplay between social engagements and subjective health perceptions of older Indians, with a special
focus on gender differences.
Subjects and methods: This study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) wave 1, 2017–18
with a total sample of 30,533 older adults aged 60 years and above. Bivariate analysis, chi-square tests and
unadjusted and adjusted average marginal effects from logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between social engagements and subjective health among older adults, stratified by gender.
Results: The prevalence of poor health status decreased with higher frequency of social networks among both men
(pp. (percentage point) = 6.1; CI (Confidence Interval): 10.6, 1.6) and women (pp. = 9.2; CI: 14.9, 3.4). The
adjusted average marginal effects demonstrate that with an increase in the overall score of social engagement,
the likelihood of poor health is almost reduced by half. For men, the prevalence of poor health was 9.8 pp. (95 %
CI: 13.7, 5.8), while for women, it was 9.3 pp. (95 % CI: 15.2, 3.1).
Conclusion: Gendered perspectives unveil unique patterns, highlighting how societal expectations and roles
assigned to each gender may influence the subjective health perceptions of older individuals. This study adds to
the expanding knowledge base to enhance the well-being and fulfillment of aging populations, considering the
complex interplay of social dynamics and gendered perspectives.
... Because respondents are elders, people have problems remembering the subjects, hence the answered questions having the probability of true or false in (Awal et al., 2020). (Srivastava et al., 2021) primary flaw is the use of a cross-sectional approach, which forbids drawing conclusions about variables' causal links. The findings of the research not generalised to the full senior population of Nepal because the respondents were from a particular location in (Joshi and Chalise, 2021) long with that large-scale qualitative research methodology was not used in (Dolai, 2021). ...
Among the most vulnerable groups in society is the elderly, who face issues such as a deteriorating feeling of self-worth brought on by physical weakness, a dwindling social position, and limited financial resources. Feelings of insignificance have been exacerbated by the fact that families are finding it more difficult to care for the elderly due to socioeconomic and demographic changes. As a result, psychological difficulties frequently outweigh outward indications of aging as people age. With a specific focus on 260 senior individuals in Punjab between the ages of 60 and 90, this study sought to investigate the effects of family and social attitudes toward the old. The majority of respondents claimed financial independence, but only 11% reported having stable finances due to rental income and savings account interest. But 8% struggled to pay for everyday needs, and some experienced severe financial difficulties related to fundamental needs and family responsibilities. Remarkably, only 11.7% of older people consistently created strong social relationships, compared to 76.6% who did so on occasion. Furthermore, 16.7% of respondents admitted to their situation, suggesting a greater dedication to maintaining family togetherness. The behavioral changes aligned with the perceptions of 83% of senior respondents who observed a shift in the way older persons view their basic obligations. Family dynamics, economic dependence, physical abuse cases, feelings of isolation, inadequate social support, family members' disdain, and food-related issues were among the main concerns. The study emphasized the complex relationships that exist between aging, health problems, decreased physical activity, and elder abuse. It also clarified the critical roles that qualities, social interactions, financial dependence, and behaviors have in influencing these relationships.
... The findings are also consistence with previous literatures reported that older people living in joint household are having good mental health than those living alone or nuclear family [25,26]. A study based on India mentioned that around 9% of older people living in depression and the percentage tends to increase around 13% among those living alone and decrease 8% among those residing in someone, reflecting the importance of the other family members [27]. ...
Background
Grandchild caring has positive as well as negative impact on the grandparents’ psychological well-being and the findings are varied by culture and country.
Methods
Present study was intended to understand the relationship between caring for grandchildren and psychological well-being of grandparents living in skipped (SGH) and multi-generational households (MGH) in Indian demographical context. The present research involved In-depth Interviews (IDI) focusing on grandparents above 60 and grandchildren below 18, where the elder played a crucial role in caregiving. The study area was Malda, a district of West Bengal in India. Purposively 24 IDIs were selected. Psychological well-being was measured using open-ended questions. Thematic and content analyses were adopted to understand the perspective of grandparents.
Results
Most of the grandparents from SGH reported depression word frequently, while grandparents from MGH reported happy. In the content analysis, grandparents from SGH expressed tension, mental turmoil, and worry about grandchild’s future. On the contrary, grandparents from MGH expressed happy, companionship, and worry about grandchild’s future. Further, full time caring, compulsive reason behind grandchild caring, and working status were linked with living in SGH and grandchild caring, which were in turn connected with deteriorate psychological health. However, in MGH, a different scenario was observed, most grandparents were partially and non-compulsively engaged in grandchild caring and had expressed positive mental health.
Conclusions
The Findings provide an intervention implication, particularly in the context of India’s ageing population and their well-being by acknowledging the influence of household structure, caring intensity, motive behind grandchild caring, and working status on their psychological health. Understanding the importance of these key factors may help the policy maker and the individual to incorporate the most effective intervention to achieve sustainable development goal 3 and healthy ageing.
... This indicates the necessity of tailored interventions to provide enhanced support for pregnant women, especially those who are divorced, ensuring they receive the necessary assistance and care during this critical period. Employment status also has a positive influence, correlating with higher support levels, highlighting the intricate interplay of social and economic factors in shaping support networks (28). These findings underscore the need for economically inclusive support programs to ensure equitable access during pregnancy, contributing to enhanced maternal and child health outcomes. ...
BACKGROUND: Effective family support is essential for promoting the well-being of pregnant women and reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined family support patterns and influencing factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 pregnant women in a Local Government Area in southwestern Nigeria. Three healthcare facilities with the highest antenatal attendance were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a tested and structured questionnaire, which was developed following a review of similar studies. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, employing Pearson Chi-square tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: More than half of the respondents reported inadequate family support in various aspects including tangible/instrumental support (52.9%), emotional support (51.4%), and financial support (54.4%). However, the majority reported significant financial supports from their spouses (60.7%). Religion, educational qualification, and partner's occupation were found to significantly influence the likelihood of women receiving higher levels of social support. CONCLUSION: Many respondents lacked adequate support from spouses and families. Encouraging family involvement in antenatal care can improve understanding and support, benefiting maternal and child health. Hence, healthcare professionals and policymakers should consider the factors influencing family support options when designing focused interventions to strengthen maternal support systems and address the varied needs of pregnant women.
... Furthermore, neurolathyrism patients who live alone were almost 2.8 times more likely to have MDD than neurolathyrism patients who live with their families or relatives. Preceding studies from Ethiopia [31] and India [48] had reported similar findings. The association between living alone and depression has been reported by numerous articles. ...
Introduction
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the commonest mental disorders affecting more than 250 million people globally. Patients with chronic illnesses had higher risks for developing MDD than the general population. Neurolathyrism is a chronic illness characterized by lifelong incurable spastic paralysis of lower extremities; causing permanent disability. It is highly prevalent in Dawunt district, Ethiopia; with a point prevalence of 2.4%. Despite this, there were no previous studies assessing the prevalence of MDD among patients with neurolathyrism in Ethiopia.
Objective
To assess the prevalence of MDD and to identify its associated factors among patients with neurolathyrism in Dawunt district, Ethiopia.
Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 samples in Dawunt district from February 01 to March 30/ 2021. Multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression screening tool was used to diagnose MDD. PHQ-9 is a standardized depression screening tool and a PHQ-9 score of ≥ 10 has a sensitivity and specificity of 88.0% [95% CI (83.0–92.0%)] and 85.0% [95% CI (82.0–88.0%)] for screening MDD. Data were collected by interview; entered to EpiData version 4.2.0; exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis; descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used; AOR with 95% CI was used to interpret the associations; and finally results were presented by texts, charts, graphs, and tables.
Results
A total of 256 adult patients with neurolathyrism were participated; and the prevalence of MDD was found to be 38.7%. Being female [AOR = 3.00; 95% CI (1.15, 7.84)], living alone [AOR = 2.77; 95% CI (1.02–7.53)], being on neurolathyrism stage-3 [AOR = 3.22; 95% CI (1.09, 9.54)] or stage-4 [AOR = 4.00; 95% CI (1.28, 12.48)], stigma [AOR = 2.69; 95% CI (1.34, 5.39)], and lack of social/ family support [AOR = 3.61; 95% CI (1.80, 7.24)] were found to have statistically significant association with an increased odds of MDD; while regular exercise and ever formal counselling were found to have statistically significant association with a decreased odds of MDD.
Conclusion
The prevalence of MDD among neurolathyrism patients in Dawunt district was high. Lack of social support, stigma, not getting formal counselling, and not involving in regular exercise were modifiable risk factors. Therefore, social support, reducing stigma, formal counselling, and encouraging regular exercise might help to reduce the burden of MDD among neurolathyrism patients.
... To compare and contrast, Srivastava et al. (2021) point out that other than widowhood, depression is also affected by the marital status and living arrangements of senior citizens. Other variables such as socioeconomic factors and health status were also identified to be associated with the likelihood of depression. ...
This phenomenological study elucidated the lived experiences of seven Filipino widowed elderly in Bulacan through in-depth interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of transcribed interviews yielded multifaceted insights. Findings revealed three domains that were deemed vital in the study: (1) relationship of the widowed elders with their family; (2) aging experience of widowed elders in relation to widowhood; and (3) perception of widowed elders on dying in relation to widowhood. The participants cherished spousal bonds that provided meaning amidst occasional conflicts. Spousal loss impacted physical health, mental well-being, emotions, and social connections. Participants displayed resilience anchored in familial support, faith, and inner contentment, yet regrets and vulnerabilities persisted during bereavement. Reflections on mortality revealed acceptance of death, valuing familial harmony, and aspiring for loved ones’ well-being. This study offers qualitative insights into nuances, challenges, and sources of strength shaping elderly Filipino bereavement experiences. It contributes to scholarly understanding of marginalized elderly Filipinos’ needs, informing supportive interventions, community engagement, and social welfare policies. Recommendations include strengthening support systems and implementing community elderly programs. Further, research on male elderly and mixed-method approaches would be beneficial. The knowledge produced can guide evidence-based services addressing multifaceted demands in grieving spousal loss amidst aging.
... Even though social relations with several close relatives are good, this cannot be compared to the relationship between husband and wife who spend time together every day, so if one of them dies this could have serious consequences (King, Carr, & Taylor, 2021). Not only does it have an impact on social conditions, but the change from a woman's status to a widow also affects her physical, economic, and socio-emotional health (Srivastava, Debnath, Shri, & Muhammad, 2021). ...
Widowed women who have just been abandoned by their partners need resilience. Resilience is a personality characteristic that a person can recover and adapt immediately after experiencing adversity. The resilience of a widow whose partner leaves her is influenced by several factors, including social support and religiosity. This research aims to find out whether social support and religiosity are factors that support the resilience of late adult widows. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is the method applied in this research and results were found showing that social support and the level of religiosity play an important role in resilience mechanisms for dealing with the loss of a partner in late adulthood.
... Through the adoption of both descriptive and analytical methodological approaches, the study was conducted on a selection of senior students using self-administered surveys for the collection of quantitative data [4][5][6][7]. The findings indicate significant differences in emotional well-being, directly associated with individuals' age and gender, as well as variations in perceptions of loneliness and life satisfaction levels [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Similarly, this analysis identified certain survey items that, due to their correlation and significance, suggest the potential for intervention in specific areas to enhance quality of life and optimize the educational experiences of this group [15][16][17][18]. ...
... In line with Hypothesis 1 (H1), suggesting a significant influence of age and gender on emotional well-being, our research aligns with studies highlighting differences in how older adults experience loneliness and life satisfaction [8,11,12]r ²¥ãb. Previous studies have shown that older women tend to report higher levels of loneliness than men, a finding that reflects the unequal gender distribution observed in our sample and its implications on emotional well-being [53]. ...
This study delves into the transformative role of air-raid shelters from the Spanish Civil War in Alicante, Spain, highlighting their significance in the recovery and preservation of intangible heritage. Through a detailed hermeneutic analysis based on interviews and existing research, the investigation explores the shelters’ contribution to cultural identity, memory, and sustainable urban development. It reveals how the hermeneutics of memory, applied via a rigorous scientific approach, serves as a vital tool for justifying, rehabilitating, and planning these historical sites for tourism aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals. The rehabilitation of these shelters not only acts as a conservation effort but also as a means to promote cultural tourism enhancing Alicante’s cultural and tourist offerings. The study underscores the shelters’ dual role as educational resources and tourist attractions, facilitating a deeper understanding and connection with the past, and fostering community development and sustainability.
