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The extent of the potato gene pool, with its abundant landrace diversity and numerous wild relatives, offers a wide range of options for prospecting, prebreeding, and niche market development. Landraces are still widely produced by smallholder farmers in the center of origin and are a key component of complex production systems that cover multiple...
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... After rice, wheat, and maize, it is the fourth-largest crop in the world [7]. The potato is said to have originated in South America's Andes and then spread around the world [8]. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) designated potatoes as the crop to address future global food security and poverty reduction in 2008 due to their capacity to generate the highest level of nutrition and dry matter on a per unit area and time basis among major food crops [9]. ...
Aims: The current study was carried out to examine the impact of humic-acid-based bio-stimulant (liquid formulation) 'Humetsu' on growth and yield attributes of potato variety Kufri Chipsona-4. Study Design: The study used a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 8 treatments. Place and Duration of Study: The existing experiment was worked out at Teaching Farm, College of Agriculture under BCKV, Burdwan Sadar during Rabi, 2019-20 and Rabi, 2020-21. Methodology: The test product humic-acid based bio-stimulant (liquid formulation) 'Humetsu' was used for seed treatment at the rate of 5 ml/kg tuber before sowing of potato and 2.5 ml /L water was sprayed treatment-wise as per protocol using a water volume of 500 liters per ha with knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan deflector nozzle in potato. Results: The results elucidated that significantly maximum plant emergence, number of branches per plant and increased available N, P, K and Organic carbon (OC) in both years were recorded in Original Research Article Maruthi et al.; Int. 341 treatment T4 (100% NPK + 3 application of 'Humetsu' (Seed treatment at the rate of 5 ml/kg of tuber and 2 foliar sprays at the rate 2.5ml L-1 water at 30 DAS & 55 DAS). The highest plant height, TSS (%), and fewer days to harvest were found in treatment T7 (80% NPK + 3 application of 'Humetsu' (Seed treatment at the rate 5ml/kg of tuber and 2 foliar sprays at the rate 2.5ml L-1 water at 30 DAS & 55 DAS) followed by treatment T4, T5, and T6. The maximum number of tubers per plant, total tuber yield, and marketable tuber yield were noticed in the treatment T7 during both years. The highest microbial population in the soil was noticed in the T7 during both the years. On the other hand, the least plant height, TSS (%), plant emergence, number of tubers per plant, total tuber yield, marketable yield per ha, more days to harvest, and the least microbial population in soil were observed in (control) treatment (T8) during both the years. Conclusion: Application of 80% NPK + 3 application of 'Humetsu' (Seed treatment at the rate 5ml/kg of tuber and 2 foliar sprays at the rate 2.5ml l-1 water at 30 DAS& 55 DAS) has a significant impact in yield of potato with 20% reduction of the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.
... The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the second most important staple food in Kenya after maize in terms of consumption and production and the world's fourth major food crop after wheat, rice and maize in terms of production and area covered [1, 2,3]. In Kenya, potato is mostly grown by small scale farmers as source of food, employment and cash crop, therefore plays an important role in food security and provides high energy, protein as well as substantial amount of vitamins and minerals [3]. ...
Aims: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is ranked fourth amongst the world’s major stable food crop and second in Kenya after maize and thus plays a vital role in food and nutrition security and sustainable development. Despite its importance, potato production in Kenya is still low due to abiotic and biotic constraints. Traditional breeding and improvement have been difficult due to the narrow genetic diversity of the crop owed to the complex tetrasomic inheritance patterns. Induced mutation has been used to generate genetic variations in potato from which desired putative mutants are selected. In most cases the level of genetic variability is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variability of potato mutants using SSR markers. Study Design: The study involved three potato varieties; Asante, Kenya Mpya and Kenya Sherekea which are high yielding and commercially grown varieties in Kenya. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: They were irradiated at different dose rates of gamma rays at Co60 source at FAO/IAEA laboratories, Seiberdorf Austria in 2014. A total of 163 mutants were advanced to M1V4 generation at the University of Eldoret between 2015 and 2018. Methodology: Genomic DNA was extracted to assess the diversity with 20 SSRs markers. Results: All the 20 SSR primers were polymorphic with 6-19 bands amplified per primer and marker STM5127 showed the highest allele number (19) using PowerMarker software. The STRUCTURE analysis suggested that the potato mutants were clustered into six sub-populations based on the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) thus, the accessions were divided into three major clusters. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 8.6% of total molecular variance was attributed to diversity among sub-populations, while 91.4% of variance was associated with differences within sub-populations. Conclusion: This study highlights the most comprehensive investigation of the genetic diversity and population structure of potato mutants, and provides valuable information for genetic improvement, and systematic utilization.
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a crucial agricultural crop used globally for its nutritional value [4]. Following wheat, rice, and maize, it is the fourth most significant agricultural commodity [5]. Potato is an annual herbaceous plant being cultivated in temperate climates. ...
There is an urgent need to explore climate-resilient alternative agriculture production systems that focus on resilience, resource efficiency, and disease management. Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation system, gaining interest as it reduces the dependency on agricultural land, and pesticides, and can be implemented in areas with poor soil quality, thus mitigating the negative effects of extreme weather events. Potato is an essential dietary staple crop grown throughout the world and is a major source of food security in underdeveloped countries. However, due to the climatic changes, it is predicted that a significant loss in the suitability of land for potato production would occur, thus leading to potato yield loss. Recently, many case studies have emerged to highlight the advancement of agricultural hydroponic systems that provide a promising solution to the massive production of potato mini tuber at high efficiency. This review paper evaluates popular hydroponic methods and demonstrates how hydroponic has emerged as the go-to, long-term, sustainable answer to the perennial problem of insufficient access to high-quality potato seed stock. The paper discusses the research and innovation possibilities (such as artificial intelligence, nanoparticles, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) that potentially increase tuber production per plant under optimal hydroponic growth circumstances. These approaches are examined considering new scientific discoveries and practical applications. Furthermore, it emphasizes that by enduring significant reforms in soilless food production systems (particularly for potatoes), the food supply of a rapidly growing population can be addressed. Since hydroponics systems are productive and easily automated without soil and optimal environmental conditions, future hydroponics farming is promising. In conclusion, the hydroponics system provides better yield and crop productivity by saving water, energy, and space. Henceforth, it can be the alternate choice for modern sustainable agriculture.
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is currently one of the world's leading staple crops, ranking fourth behind rice, wheat and maize (de Haan and Rodriguez 2016). In 2021, global potato production exceeded 376 million tonnes, cultivated across 18 million hectares et al. 2019). ...
The application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has gained significant importance in the past decade, particulary in the context of food analysis, including potatoes. However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive systematic review of the application of this technique in potato cultivation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematized review by analysing the most relevant compounds, diseases and stress factors in potatoes using hyperspectral imaging. For this purpose, scientific studies were retrieved through a systematic keyword search in Web of Science and Scopus databases. Studies were only included in the review if they provided at least one set of quantitative data. As a result, a total of 52 unique studies were included in the review. Eligible studies were assigned an in-house developed quality scale identifying them as high, medium or low risk. In most cases the studies were rated as low risk. Finally, a comprehensive overview of the HSI applications in potatoes was performed. It has been observed that most of the selected studies obtained better results using linear methods. In addition, a meta-analysis of studies based on regression and classification was attempted but was not possible as not enough studies were found for a specific variable.
... The potato, scientifically known as Solanum tuberosum L., has been consumed by humankind for thousands of years (de Haan & Rodriguez, 2016). It is considered the world's leading noncereal crop feeding more than a billion people daily. ...
Purpose: The main objectives of this study were to find farmers’ handling practices on postharvest losses of potatoes, to estimate the post-harvest losses from farm gate to storage level and to know how the post-harvest losses were affected by the socio-demographic factors. Research method: The study was conducted in Dolakha, Nepal with 100 respondents selected by simple random sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data and MS Excel and SPSS were used for data analysis. Findings: Out of the total potatoes produced, 89.73% were utilized in various forms while the remaining 10.26% were lost due to poor post-harvest handling practices and lack of adequate cold storage facility. The farmers in the study area relied on practices, such as using spades for harvesting, week-long curing, traditional home storage, sorting and grading to remove the damaged ones, use of jute sacks, and overfilling and dragging of heavy bags. The post-harvest loss was significantly affected by age, gender, land size, and farming experience of farmers whereas the literacy level, ethnicity, and religion had no impact on it. Limitation: Transportation was a limitation because motorable roads were unavailable due to which farmers of distant areas couldn’t be included in the sampling frame. Originality/value: The study reported that only 3% of farmers had access to cold storage facilities and 10.26% of harvested potatoes were lost due to traditional post-harvest practices.
... Potato is one of most important commercial crops worldwide. With a total cropping area of about 20 million hectares globally, the potato is the fourth most important staple crop after rice, wheat, and maize (de Haan and Rodriguez, 2016). Potato is one of mankind's most valuable food crops and mainstay in the diets of people in many parts of the world (Struik and Wiersema, 1999). ...
Potato is regarded as ahigh-potential food-security crop because of its ability to provide a high yield of high-quality product per unit input with a shorter crop cycle (mostly < 120 days) than major cereal crops. Potato demands high level of soil nutrients due to relative poorly developed and shallow root system in relation to yield. Factors that limit crop yield (both in quantity and quality) can be categorized into four major headings such as soil, genetic, climatic and management practices. Intra-row spacing had great influence on economically important characteristics such as total yield, processing grade yield, tuber size distribution and tuber quality. As plant density increases, there is a marked decrease in plant size and yield plant-1. This effect is due to increased inter-plant competition for water, light and nutrients. Proper N fertilization is critical for optimizing potato yield and quality. application of N exerted significant influence on all the growth parameters that is showing positive increment. Nitrogen supply plays a paramount part in the balance between vegetative and its reproductive for potato. nitrogen fertilization influences the potato tuber yield and quality. Low nitrogen usually causes low dry matter and sugar levels, while excessive nitrogen promotes vine growth and delays tuber initiation. Nitrogen management is critical for building leaf area to harvest sunlight for photosynthesis to maximize yield. Therefore, effective management of nutrients and proper use of plant spacing is critical for potato production, as tuber yield and quality.
... It was rapidly spread across the world by European colonial powers, becoming a major staple in many regions ( Figure 1). Potato cultivation is said to have contributed to the industrialization of Europe by nourishing and boosting the population in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the failure of potato production caused by Phytophthora infestans led to the infamous Great Famine in Ireland [3]. Today, annual potato production has reached 360 million tons (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; https: //www.fao.org/; ...
... That has reduced its resistance to pests and pathogens, and potato is one of the most fungicide-dependent crops in the world [6]. It is affected by insects, nematodes, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and viruses, resulting in an estimated annual yield loss of about (a) Origin of potatoes and early spread throughout the world by Spanish, English, Portuguese, and Dutch (blue); P. infestans infestation and its rapid spread (red) [3,9,10]. The map gradient corresponds to the mean annual production in the last 20 years. ...
... Potato-a staple crop throughout the world. (a) Origin of potatoes and early spread throughout the world by Spanish, English, Portuguese, and Dutch (blue); P. infestans infestation and its rapid spread (red) [3,9,10]. The map gradient corresponds to the mean annual production in the last 20 years. ...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a valuable staple crop that provides nutrition for a large part of the human population around the world. However, the domestication process reduced its resistance to pests and pathogens. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, is the most destructive pathogen of potato plants. Considerable efforts have been made to develop late blight-resistant potato cultivars, but the success has been limited and present-day potato production requires the extensive use of fungicides. In this review, we summarize known sources of late blight resistance and obstacles in P. infestans control. We outline the problematic aspects of chemical treatment, the possible use of biological control, and available resources of natural resistance in wild Solanum accessions. We focus on prospective putative markers of resistance that are often overlooked in genome-centered studies, including secondary metabolites from alkaloid, phenylpropanoid, and terpenoid classes, lipids, proteins, and peptides. We discuss the suitability of these molecules for marker-assisted selection and the possibility of increasing the speed of conventional breeding of more resilient cultivars.
... Las técnicas tradicionales de procesamiento de chuño y tunta son diferentes, dado que el chuño requiere de tendido, congelado, pisado y secado de los tubérculos, mientras que la tunta necesita tendido, congelado, pisado, lavado y remojado para eliminar los glicoalcaloides, principalmente (De Haan & Rodríguez, 2016). El chuño es el tubérculo liofilizado, sin cáscara, de color pardo oscuro y la tunta es el tubérculo liofilizado de color Emilio Yábar-Villanueva., et al. blanco con peso liviano (Peñarrieta, Salluca et al., 2011). ...
El chuño y la tunta son productos alimenticios ancestrales de gran importancia en las zonas altoandinas de Bolivia y Perú, sin embargo, son todavía poco estudiados. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (cf), antocianinas totales (an), carotenoides totales (car) y capacidad antioxidante (ca) del chuño y la tunta. Se utilizaron 10 kilogramos de tubérculos nativos: yana siri (Solanum x juzepczukii, 2n = 3x = 36) y yuraq siri (Solanum x curtilobum, 2n = 5x = 60), distribuidos en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar de tres tratamientos (t): T1: producción de tunta sin ácido ascórbico, T2: producción de tunta con ácido ascórbico y T3: producción de chuño, sometidos a -10 °C, -20 °C y -30 °C de congelación. Para la tunta y el chuño, los contenidos máximos de cf son 162,8 ± 0,6 y 230,6 ± 5,24 mg ácido gálico/100 g b. s., de ant son 3,4 ± 0,6 y 0,74 ± 0,15 mg cianidina-3-glucósido/100 g, de ca son 411,54 ± 1,03 y 454,51 ± 1,52 µmol Trolox/g b. s. y de car son 3,38 ± 0,59 y 0,74 ± 0,147 mg β-caroteno/100 g b. s., donde se registraron en yana siri a -30 °C (p < 0,01). Este estudio muestra que las mejores condiciones de extracción de los biocomponentes y la capacidad antioxidante para el chuño y la tunta se lograron a la temperatura de congelación de -30 ºC, con un secado para el chuño de 40 ºC por 48 h y de 35 ºC por 72 horas para la tunta. Se recomienda seguir investigando las condiciones tecnológicas para mejorar la calidad de estos productos andinos.
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is of the most common nutrient sources after iconic crops such as rice, wheat and maize [1], constituting the significant rate of the food and nutritional demand of human beings [2]. Concerning available phytochemicals, the relevant crop is a source rich in vitamins A, B, and C, carbohydrates, patatin storage proteins, fiber, antioxidant compounds (for example, caffeic acid), calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron [3][4][5][6]. ...
Potatoes are a staple food with high antioxidant properties that can positively affect population health. The beneficial effects of potatoes have been attributed to tuber quality. However, the tuber quality related researches at genetic levels are very few. Sexual hybridization is a powerful strategy for producing new and valuable genotypes with high quality. In this study, 42 breeding potato genotypes in Iran were selected based on appearance characteristics such as shape, size, color, eyes of tubers, and tuber yield and marketability. The tubers were evaluated for their nutritional value and properties, viz. phenolic content, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, sugars, proteins, and antioxidant activity. Potato tubers with white flesh and colored skin had significantly higher levels of ascorbic acid and total sugar. The result showed that higher phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, protein concentration, and antioxidant activity were noted in yellow-fleshed. Burren (yellow-fleshed) tubers had more antioxidant capacity in comparison to genotypes and cultivars, which did not differ significantly with genotypes 58, 68, 67 (light yellow), 26, 22, and 12 (white). The highest correlation coefficients in antioxidant compounds were related to total phenol content and FRAP, suggesting that phenolics might be crucial predictors of antioxidant activities. The concentration of antioxidant compounds in the breeding genotypes was higher than in some commercial cultivars, and higher antioxidant compounds content and activity were detected in yellow-fleshed cultivars. Based on current results, understanding the relationship between antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant activity of potatoes could be very helpful in potato breeding projects.
... Among food crops, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered a vital staple food cultivated commercially across temperate and sub-tropical regions [1]. Global potato production was recently estimated at over 370 million metric tons annually and is cultivated over more than 17 million hectares [2]. ...
... Global potato production was recently estimated at over 370 million metric tons annually and is cultivated over more than 17 million hectares [2]. Potatoes were first grown in modern-day southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia from 5000 to 8000 BC [1]. China is the leading producer of potatoes and produces approximately 22% of global potato production, followed by India, Russia, Ukraine, and the United States [3]. ...
Molecular germplasm characterization is essential for gathering information on favorable attributes and varietal improvement. The current study evaluated the genetic divergence and population structure of 80 potato genotypes collected from Punjab, Pakistan, using polymorphic retrotransposon-DNA-based markers (iPBS). A total of 11 iPBS primers generated 787 alleles with a mean value of 8.9 alleles per primer, of which ~95% were polymorphic across the 80 genotypes. Different variation attributes, such as mean expected heterozygosity (H = 0.21), mean unbiased expected heterozygosity (µHe = 0.22), and mean Shannon’s information index (I = 0.32), showed the existence of sufficient genetic diversity in the studied potato genotypes. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within the population was higher (84%) than between populations (16%). A neighbor-joining tree was constructed based on the distance matrices that arranged the 80 genotypes into five distinct groups, and the genotypes FD61-3 and potato 2 had the highest genetic distance. A STRUCTURE analysis corroborated the dendrogram results and distributed the 80 genotypes also into five clusters. Our results determined that retrotransposon-based markers are highly polymorphic and could be used to evaluate genetic diversity between local and exotic potato genotypes. The genotypic data and population structure dissection analysis reported in this study will enhance potato varietal improvement and development.
