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R esistance training is widely re-garded as an effective supplemen-tal tool to the modern athlete's preparation for competition. With com-petition growing at all levels of athletics, coaches, athletes, and exercise profes-sionals alike are constantly searching for new and better ways to enhance perfor-mance. It has been well established that the re...
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Citations
... Resistance training usually refers to the types of exercise that requires the muscular system to push against an opposing force using equipment (Sleivert & Taingahue, 2004). In recent years, resistance training protocols aimed at movement velocity have been used to increase muscular power and strength (Murray & Brown, 2006). The velocity of a movement can provides coaches or trainers with valuable information about the precision of an athlete's physical exertion while performing the movement. ...
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of traditional strength and power interval training methods on the development of velocity parameters in the concentric phase of loaded-squat jump exercise and to determine which training method improves velocity parameters more. To achieve this goal, 30 male students who were studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports and did not regularly exercise participated voluntarily in this study. Participants were divided into three different groups using randomization: traditional strength training group, power interval training group, and control group. The participants performed a weighted squat jump exercise using external loads equivalent to 40% of their body weight in both pre-test and post-test measurements, and their mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity, and peak velocity values were obtained through an isoinertial velocity transducer. According to the analysis results, it was found that peak velocity significantly increased after traditional strength training. In addition, the power interval training method made a significant difference on the 1 RM pre-post test. The effect size of traditional strength training on peak velocity was determined as "small". In conclusion, it is thought that traditional strength training is a more prominent training method in improving movement velocity compared to power interval training.
... Das Trainingsvolumen kann dabei, wie im klassischen PBT, periodisch gestaltet und orientiert an empirisch bewährten und wissenschaftlich validierten Empfehlungen gewählt werden (Murray & Brown, 2006). Weitergehend ist durch zusätzliche Erfassung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit auch eine Volumenplanung undsteuerung über die geleistete mechanische Arbeit möglich. ...
Geschwindigkeitsbasiertes Training (VBT) ist eine Methode des Krafttrainings,
die über die Verwendung der Geschwindigkeit des konzentrischen Teils einer
Bewegung eine genaue und objektive Vorgabe der Intensität und des Umfangs
des Widerstandstrainings ermöglicht. Nachdem im zweiten Teil der Artikelreihe
der theoretische Unterbau geschwindigkeitsbasierten Trainings und Vorteile der
Methode gegenüber etablierten Trainingsformen vorgestellt wurden, bietet
dieser Artikel eine Übersicht über die Anwendung von VBT in der Praxis. Wir
erläutern, wie im Kraft-Geschwindigkeits-Profile im allgemeinen und
spezifischen Krafttraining erstellt und interpretiert werden können und wie auf
Basis dieser Profile das Krafttraining geplant, gesteuert und dokumentiert
werden kann.
... Various environmental stimuli during soccer training and competition might result in certain long-term physiological adaptations to improve players' endurance and speed, as well as strength. The biggest argument for including high-velocity exercise in a player's resistance-training program deals with the concept of specificity (Murray, 2006). Soccer players apply high-speed movement for sprint performance during a match. ...
Isokinetic Strength Responses to Season-long Training and Competition in Turkish Elite Soccer Players
There are not enough studies that describe the isokinetic strength of professional soccer players at high angular velocities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonal changes in isokinetic strength of Turkish professional soccer players (n=14) over the course of a 24-week soccer season. The isokinetic strength of players who underwent usual soccer training and weekly competition throughout the soccer season was assessed by means of the Biodex System 3 dynamometer with the knee attachment. The peak torque of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured at angular velocities of 60°/s, 300°/s and 500°/s. Players were tested at the beginning and end of the competitive season. While the first- and second-test measurements did not show significant changes at 60°/s and 300°/s angular velocities, at the end of the training period, players' knee strength changed significantly at 500°/s angular velocities. In addition, the H/Q ratio improved significantly for the dominant as well as non-dominant leg at 500°/s. Significant bilateral strength improvements for knee flexors were also observed at 500°/s. The findings of this study suggest that usual daily soccer training (technical, tactical, power, strength, endurance, flexibility, etc.) and weekly competition might produce changes in knee strength at high angular velocities.
... These data agree with the views of researchers according to which pull against resistance is a specialised training method (17,55,60,64) in terms of both motion and sprint speed. Therefore, when applied it results in better training adaptation to speed, compared to other training methods (23,45,66). Although no RV improvement was observed in the 20 -40 m run section or in all sections 20 -50 m, an improvement was observed in 40 -50 m run section and maximum speed between 40 -46 m, thus confirming that resisted sprint training (parachute) improves RV in the maximum speed phase. ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resisted and un-resisted sprint training programmes (STP) on acceleration and maximum speed performance. Sixteen sprint athletes divided into two groups (resisted group-RG and un-resisted group-UG, n = 8 each), age 25 ± 4 y, height 172 ± 0.8 cm and weight 61.5 ± 10.6 kg. RG followed the STP towing a large size parachute and the UG followed a STP without resistance. Stride length (SL), stride frequency (SF), contact time (CT) and flight time (FT) were also evaluated. The results showed that the RG improved running velocity (RV) in all sections of acceleration phase (AP), while the UG in the run section 0-20 m. A comparison between groups indicated that RV was significantly higher during run section 0-20 m in the RG compared to the UG. For the maximum speed phase the resisted STP improved the RV in the 40-50 m run section and the maximum speed between 40-47 m, while un-resisted STP had no effect in any run section. SL increased after resisted and un-resisted STP in AP, whereas SF increased only after resisted STP in maximum speed phase. It is concluded that resisted STP with large size parachute significantly improves RV during AP by increasing SL and during maximum speed phase by increasing SF in sprint athletes.
... Old traditional concept of split training routines (Bompa et al., 2003; Stoppani, 2006) is altered with training of the movements. Although the application of split training is still applicable and noticed in some studies (Prestes et al., 2009; Kerksics, et al., 2009), the majority of present studies use training according to movement categories with one exercise per category (Buford et al., 2007; Murray & Brown, 2006; Waller et al., 2007).Table 3 presents the example of three days per week training, with daily exercise variation according to movement categories. In the sport practice some authors dominantly use changes in exercises and types of training on daily or weekly basis (Gamble, 2006; Jakovljević et al., 2009; Kenn, 2003), while other use the same exercises throughout entire meso-cycle but vary the loads using various periodization patterns (Grover, 2002; Kraemer & Fleck, 2007; Marshall, 2005) or integrate maximal velocity exercises (Murray & Brown, 2006). ...
... Although the application of split training is still applicable and noticed in some studies (Prestes et al., 2009; Kerksics, et al., 2009), the majority of present studies use training according to movement categories with one exercise per category (Buford et al., 2007; Murray & Brown, 2006; Waller et al., 2007).Table 3 presents the example of three days per week training, with daily exercise variation according to movement categories. In the sport practice some authors dominantly use changes in exercises and types of training on daily or weekly basis (Gamble, 2006; Jakovljević et al., 2009; Kenn, 2003), while other use the same exercises throughout entire meso-cycle but vary the loads using various periodization patterns (Grover, 2002; Kraemer & Fleck, 2007; Marshall, 2005) or integrate maximal velocity exercises (Murray & Brown, 2006). Movement category variations characterize only one of the possible modalities in training variation and therefore, strength and conditioning coach can direct the adaptation process toward specific goals by additionally varying loads (methods) within macro-, meso-and micro-cycles (Plisk & Stone, 2003). ...
... Movement category variations characterize only one of the possible modalities in training variation and therefore, strength and conditioning coach can direct the adaptation process toward specific goals by additionally varying loads (methods) within macro-, meso-and micro-cycles (Plisk & Stone, 2003). Variability in speed of the performed exercises Novel practices in the training program variation are manipulations in the exercise speed (Murray & Brown, 2006) and inter-repetition rest during the working set (Haff et al., 2008). Traditional realization of set require from an athlete to perform each repetition of the set in continuous way until the planed number of repetitions is completed without a rest between repetitions (Haff et al., 2003; Fleck & Kraemer, 1997). ...
Large number of variables could be alternated during the process of planning and programming in sports training. Superior training results in majority of sports are achieved by optimally manipulating training parameters in appropriate sequences and combinations. Additionally, in some sports they might be the result of appropriate periodization pattern. Today's tendency in strength training practice is training movements instead of training muscles. Exercise classification according to the dominant movement types, allows creating new modalities in training alternation. Additional variations in volume, intensity, rest brakes, repetition velocity andinter-repetition rest can be the important part of functional strength training program. Alternation and combination of different training parameters makes appropriate training stimulus for strength increase in the most of nowadays sports. Optimal alternation of basic training parameters should be the first part in the processof planning and programming. As a result, majority of athletes might not need advanced periodization patterns for optimal improvement in muscle strength and power
In der Praxis des Bahnradsprints des Bundes Deutscher Radfahrer werden verstärkt individualisierte und am sportartspezifischen Anforderungsprofil orientierte Trainingsmethoden verfolgt. Kraft- und Schnelligkeitstraining gewinnen in diesem Kontext vermehrt an Bedeutung. Grund dafür ist unter anderem der Trend zu immer größeren Übersetzungen, der die Anforderungen hinsichtlich eines möglichst hohen Kraft- und Leistungsniveaus mit sportartspezifischer Ausprägung verstärkt.
Primäres Ziel des Krafttrainings in den Kurzzeitdisziplinen des Bahnradsports ist eine auf die spezifischen Anforderungen ausgerichtete Steigerung der maximalen Leistungsabgabe, die sich als Produkt aus Kraft und Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit ergibt. Im Kontext der Steigerung der muskulären Leistung scheint das geschwindigkeitsbasierte Krafttraining besonders geeignet. Dieser Artikel stellt den physiologischen Hintergrund der neuen trainingsmethodischen Wege hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der Kraft- und Leistungsfähigkeit im Bahnradsprint vor.
IN CRICKET, THE ABILITY TO THROW A BALL AT HIGH VELOCITY WITH GREAT ACCURACY IS CRITICAL TO SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE AND OFTEN DETERMINES THE OUTCOME OF MATCHES. THE SKILL OF CRICKET FIELDING INCORPORATES A MOVEMENT PHASE AND A PICK-UP AND THROW PHASE AIMED AT DECREASING RUN RATE OR PRODUCING A RUN OUT OF THE OPPOSITION. A MAJOR ISSUE IN CRICKET IS THE RISK OF INJURY TO PLAYERS ATTRIBUTED TO AN ACUTE SPIKE IN THROWING INTENSITY AND VOLUME DURING PRACTICE AND MATCHES. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PRACTICES THAT MAY REDUCE THE PREVALENCE OF THROWING-RELATED INJURIES AND IMPROVE THROWING PERFORMANCE.
Long-term strength training program are commonly constructed based on periodization models. The purpose of this study was to determine the more superior periodization model between; linear periodization (LP, n = 20), daily undulating periodization (DUP, n = 19), and weekly undulating periodization (WUP, n = 19) in improving muscular strength. Fifty-eight recreationally trained college-aged male and female volunteers (18–25 years old) with a minimum of 6 months strength training experience were randomly assigned into three experimental groups. Pre- and posttest measures used the bench press to record upper body strength and leg press for lower body strength. A 9-week exercise program was implemented 3 days per week. Three sets training for each exercise was prescribed. Training loads at 90 % intensity of four repetitions was determined as heavy, 85 % intensity of six repetitions for medium, and 80 % of eight repetitions as light. All exercises were performed to the point of achieving momentary muscular fatigue. Training protocols subscribed to the guidelines by the National Strength and Conditioning Association of America (NSCA). All groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the bench press test; 24.31 % (LP), 38.23 % (DUP), and 37.46 % (WUP), and in the leg press test; 34.3 % for LP, DUP at 37 %, and WUP at 28.71 %. Although the DUP showed the highest strength increase in both the tests, statistical analysis, however, showed no significant differences existed between the groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, all the periodization models were effective to elicit higher strength gain with the DUP showing a slight superiority over LP and WUP.
Strength and Conditioning for Team Sports is designed to help trainers and coaches to devise more effective high-performance training programs for team sports. This remains the only evidence-based study of sport-specific practice to focus on team sports and features all-new chapters covering neuromuscular training, injury prevention and specific injury risks for different team sports. Fully revised and updated throughout, the new edition also includes over two hundred new references from the current research literature. The bookintroduces the core science underpinning different facets of physical preparation, covering all aspects of training prescription and the key components of any degree-level strength and conditioning course, including: ○ physiological and performance testing. ○ strength training. ○ metabolic conditioning. ○ power training. ○ agility and speed development. ○ training for core stability. ○ training periodisation. ○ training for injury prevention. Bridging the traditional gap between sports science research and practice, each chapter features guidelines for evidence-based best practice as well as recommendations for approaches to physical preparation to meet the specific needs of team sports players. This new edition also includes an appendix that provides detailed examples of training programmes for a range of team sports. Fully illustrated throughout, it is essential reading for all serious students of strength and conditioning, and for any practitioner seeking to extend their professional practice.
THE ASSISTED JUMP SQUAT CAN PROVIDE A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE MEANS OF INCREASING LOWER LIMB POWER IN CONJUNCTION WITH TRADITIONAL TRAINING METHODS. BAND ASSISTANCE MAY ALSO SHIFT THE MOVEMENT SPECIFICITY PROFILE OF THE JUMP SQUAT EXERCISE CLOSER TO ACTUAL SPORTING MOVEMENTS BY INCREASING MOVEMENT VELOCITIES ATTAINED.
