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Surveys for adult Cylindera (s. str.) lunalonga (Schaupp) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) were conducted between 2001 and 2011 at over 80 sites throughout the species’ historic range in the San Joaquin Valley and Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Previously considered extirpated from the Valley, these surveys resulted in finding adults a...
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Tiger beetles typically have specific habitat requirements and because of this, and their ease of identification, can serve as useful indicators of ecosystem condition. However, in northern Ontario, Canada, especially the Far North, distribution information for tiger beetles is generally historic or lacking.We conducted tiger beetle inventories acr...
Beetles of the genus Duvalius are widely distributed in subterranean habitats across the Palearctic, from SW Europe in the West to central Asia and China in the East. The genus is also recorded from Sicily, where nine species are currently known. Duvalius hartigi was described in 2006 on material collected in lava caves of Mount Etna and since then...
Gray forest soils of the natural ecosystems in the central and northern zones of the Republic of Moldova are the habitat and the source of conservation and reproduction of the edaphic fauna. They represent themselves the standards of the biodiversity for soil invertebrates. Invertebrates sampling was carried out from test cuts by manual sampling of...
Citations
... But it disappeared from all its known localities by the 1960's despite intensive searches for 40 years. Then in the early 2000's it was rediscovered on 18 sites in central California, several with large populations (Kippenhan et al. 2012). ...
The use of hotspots in biodiversity conservation is controversial and complex. We review the extensive information available for tiger beetle species at global, regional, and local scales to point out problems and apply solutions. As model organisms, tiger beetles indicate that simultaneous mutli-scale approaches and increased reliance on citizen scientists are areas most likely to prove useful for successful conservation programs such as hotspots.
Implications for insect conservation Our review uses tiger beetles as a model for choosing hotspots. The depth and breadth of knowledge of a taxon needed to use it in conservation are profound, and the future of hotspots in biodiversity conservation depends on this level of knowledge for a few well-studied taxa.
... While some phylogenetic trees based on molecular data have been built during the last 20 years (Spanton, 1988;DeSalle, 1993, 1994;Vogler and Pearson, 1996;Vogler and Welsh, 1997;Vogler and Kelley, 1998;Barraclough et al., 1999;Diogo et al., 1999;Barraclough and Vogler, 2002;Galián et al., 2002Galián et al., , 2007Cardoso et al., 2003Cardoso et al., , 2009Pons et al., 2004Pons et al., , 2006Pons et al., , 2011Satoh et al., 2004;Cardoso and Vogler, 2005;Vogler et al., 2005;Zerm et al., 2007;Knisley et al., 2008;Sota et al., 2011;Goldberg et al., 2012;Kippenhan et al., 2012), these studies are focused in small groups or are made from sparse datasets. In the last years, tiger beetles as a whole have been included in phylogenetic works considering the complete suborder Adephaga (Shull et al., 2001;Maddison et al., 2009) or the complete order Coleoptera (Hunt et al., 2007;Bocak et al., 2014), where they are recovered as a monophyletic clade inside the family Carabidae (Shull et al., 2001;Hunt et al., 2007) or as an independent clade from the carabids (Mad-38 Tiger beetles dison et al., 2009;Bocak et al., 2014). ...
Tiger beetles are a commonly studied family of predatory coleopterans. This thesis focuses on two cicindelid genera: Australian genus Pseudotetracha, in the tribe Megacephalini, and southern Asian genus Cosmodela, in the tribe Cicindelini.
In the first chapter, the classification made in previous works, based on morphology, about the blackburni/murchisona species complex in the genus Pseudotetracha is tested. In the second chapter, meiosis from the same samples are analyzed to study the role of chromosomic rearrangements in speciation and the specialization of the tribe Megacephalini, and to confirm the separation of two clades found in the previous chapter. In the third chapter, more samples from a wider area are included to unveil the cryptic diversity in Pseudotetracha inferred in the two first chapters, and to study the processes that generated their diversity. The fourth chapter deals with the Asian genus Cosmodela, concretely the species C. aurulenta, in which the identity of its two described subspecies as independent species, and the role of the glaciations in their evolutionary history, are tested.
Several methods were used to achieve these goals. Phylogenetic analyses using the methods of Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference were carried out, based on the sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragments (cox1, cox3, 16S, 18S and wingless). In chapters 2 to 4 a molecular clock was used to trace in a chronological scale the observed divergences. Additionally, phylogeographic analyses were carried out to clarify the intraspecific relationships among populations. The species delimitation methods GMYC and bPTP, based on molecular data, were used in chapter 3. The genetic distances between the Cosmodela main clades were analyzed. In chapters 1 and 2, meiotic cells from the Pseudotetracha taxa were observed.
The results obtained in chapter 1 confirmed, by means of molecular methods, the validity of the blackburni/murchisona species complex as it was previously proposed according to morphology. These results were in disagreement with a preceding work that separated P. blackburni from this group. P. australis would be included in this clade. The observation of metaphase II cells provide evidence that the two observed clades in P. blackburni could actually represent two cryptic species.
Chapter 2 confirmed this result, showing that blackburni-2 has a n=11+XY karyotypic formula while blackburni-1 underwent a chromosomal rearrangement that produced a recent and chiasmatic multiple sex chromosome system (n=10+X1X2Y) as a consequence of a fusion between the ancestral Y chromosome with an autosome. This chromosome system differs from the ancient and achiasmatic multiple sex chromosome system known in tribe Cicindelini. A tendency towards the reduction in the chromosome number was observed in the tribe Megacephalini, probably by repeated cycles of incorporation of autosomes to the heterosomal pair. This process would favor speciation and would explain the high specialization found in this group.
The phylogeny that was carried out in the third chapter detected nine previously known species and nine undescribed taxa. Moreover, the role of the aridification of Australia in the divergence of the lineages and the history of each clade were inferred. The results showed that a taxonomic revision of the genus Pseudotetracha is needed in order to clarify the discrepancies found in relation to previous works and the identity of several cryptic or difficult to identify taxa.
The results of chapter 4 support the separation of the subspecies C. aurulenta aurulenta and C. a. juxtata as different species, closely related with C. batesi, that diverged during the Pleistocene. C. aurulenta was revealed to originate in the Malay Peninsula, from which it colonized Indonesia during the glacial maxima, whereas C. juxtata would have secondarily colonized the Malay Peninsula where it coexists with C. aurulenta.
... Historically, it was known from various wetland sites in the San Joaquin Valley and several montane sites in the Sierra Nevada. While extensive recent searches produced no other extant sites in the Sierra Nevada, the species was rediscovered at 11 sites in the San Joaquin Valley, most west of Stockton ( Kippenhan et al., 2012). Interestingly, all of these sites were along irrigation ditches and canals at the edges of agriculture fields indicating this species has adapted to the permanent water availability in agriculture habitats and is well established in this area. ...
This study evaluates the conservation status of all of the United States species and subspecies of tiger beetles on the basis of the published literature, unpublished reports, museum and private collections, our personal field work and contact with collectors. We provide a brief summary of the status of the four species already listed and the two candidates for listing by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We indicate three taxa believed to be extinct and evaluate 62 others that we deem sufficiently rare to be considered for listing as endangered or threatened. We used a 1, 2, 3 grading system that is generally comparable to the terminology of critically imperiled, imperiled, and vulnerable designations, respectively, used in NatureServe Explorer. Fifty-two of these taxa are from the western states and Texas and most of them are named subspecies with extremely limited distributions and habitats. We assigned seven taxa a 1+ grade, our highest level of rarity and/or threats; of these there is presently sufficient information available to consider two of them-- Cicindelidia floridana Cartwright and Cicindela tranquebarica joaquinensis Knisley and Haines-- as the U. S. forms most in danger of extinction. Future prospects for conservation and listing of tiger beetles seem bleak because of the limited budget and personnel available for Endangered Species in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the current economic and political climate in the United States.
