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Salvia marashica (from the holotype). — a and b : Bracts. — c : Floral leaf. — d : Stem leaf. — e : Calyx . — f and g : Bracts. — h : Floral leaf. — i : Stem leaf. — j : Calyx. — k : Corolla. — l : Stamen. S. rosifolia .
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Salvia marashica A. İlçim, F. Celep & Doğan sp. nova (Lamiaceae) is described from Turkey and illustrated. It is confined to C6 Kahramanmaraş in South Anatolia where it flowers early in the year and grows on rocky mountain slopes. The diagnostic morphological characteristics from closely similar species are discussed. Notes are also presented on it...
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Citations
... Plant measurements were taken using a graph paper and a centimeter rule. the morphology of this novel taxon was meticulously juxtaposed with all relevant species mentioned in the literature: the floras of lebanon and Syria (Post & Dinsmore 1932;Mouterde 1984;tohmé & tohmé 2014), turkey and East aegean islands (Davis et al. 1965), Cyprus (Meikle 1977), Iran (Hedge 1982) and Europe (tutin et al. 1972), and the recent publications reporting novelties from the region (Donmez 2001;Haber & Semaan 2004;Hamzaoğlu et al. 2005;Behçet & avlamaz 2009;Celep et al. , 2015Celep et al. , 2020İlçim et al. 2009;Kahraman et al. 2009Kahraman et al. , 2011Celep & Doğan 2010;Tohmé & Tohmé 2011;İlçiṁ et al. 2023). Specimens of related species from BEI, Br, G and P herbaria (acronyms according to thiers 2024) were also compared. ...
Salvia josetta, a new species of Lamiaceae, is described and illustrated. The species was discovered in 2018 from the district of Danniye, North Lebanon. We collected samples each year and prepared herbarium specimens. By comparing our samples with the already known taxa in the genus Salvia, through morphological descriptions and herbarium specimens, we established that they belong to a species new to science. This new species grows in openings within pine woodlands on brown soil developed from limestone and sandy bedrocks. Following the guidelines and criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), it is assessed as critically endangered, based on its limited distribution area (0.02 km²) and the threats impacting the site where it was found, namely illegal logging, forest fires, and quarrying. The morphological characters are compared with two similar species, Salvia fayruziana from Lebanon and Salvia veneris from Cyprus.
... Plant names were compiled from mainly from 'Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands' (Davis 1965(Davis -1985Davis et al. 1988;Güner et al. 2000). Additionally, new plant species were added to the list after wide literature review including many country floras Komarov (1934Komarov ( -1978, Boissier (1867-88), Güner et al. (2012), various checklists (Ekim, 2009;Celep et al. 2010) and flora papers (Türkmen and Düzenli, 1998;Yıldız, 2001;Varol and Tatlı, 2003;Varol, 2003;Aytaç and Duman, 2005;Uygun, 2005;Çenet et al., 2006;İlçim et al., 2008b;Ekim, 2009;Uygun, 2014;Savran and Paksoy 2016;Uzun et al., 2018;Tel et al., 2019;Tel et al., 2021;Ertuğrul and Aytaç, 2023;Tel et al., 2022;Tel et al., 2023a;Tel et al., 2023b), new species papers (İlçim et al., 2008a;İlçim, et al., 2009;Koçyiğit and Özhatay, 2012;İlçim, et al., 2015;Çeçen and Özcan, 2021;Özgişi and Ocak, 2021;Uzun et al., 2021;İlçim and Kocabaş, 2023;İlçim and Demir, 2023) and revisions (Eker et al., 2000;Teksen and Aytaç, 2011). ...
... The first comprehensive profiling of Salvia in Turkey was constructed by Hedge (1982a), who reported 86 species, 1 hybrid and 1 doubtful species. Since then, 16 new taxa were added to flora of Turkey (Vural and Adıgüzel, 1996;Dönmez, 2001;Hamzaoğlu et al., 2005;Behçet & Avlamaz, 2009;İlçim et al., 2009;Celep et al., 2009a, 2009b, 2010, Celep et al., 2011a, 2011b, 2014, 2015, 2016Bagherpour et al., 2011;Kahraman et al., 2009Kahraman et al., , 2010Kahraman et al., , 2011Celep & Dirmenci 2017, Celep et al., 2020. ...
n this study, the new species Salvia adiyamanensis İlçim & Tel (Lamiaceae) is described from Adiyaman province, Turkey. The relevant diagnostic characters with respect to the species were presented. In addition, we presented the notes concerned with the ecology, habitat, conservation status, pollen and seed morphology of the species. We furthermore constructed a distribution map for the new species and other related species.
... The first comprehensive profiling of Salvia in Turkey was constructed by Hedge (1982a), who reported 86 species, 1 hybrid and 1 doubtful species. Since then, 16 new taxa were added to flora of Turkey (Vural and Adıgüzel, 1996;Dönmez, 2001;Hamzaoğlu et al., 2005;Behçet & Avlamaz, 2009;İlçim et al., 2009;Celep et al., 2009a, 2009b, 2010, Celep et al., 2011a, 2011b, 2014, 2015, 2016Bagherpour et al., 2011;Kahraman et al., 2009Kahraman et al., , 2010Kahraman et al., , 2011Celep & Dirmenci 2017, Celep et al., 2020. ...
In this study, the new species Salvia adiyamanensis İlçim & Tel (Lamiaceae) is described from Adiyaman province, Turkey. The relevant diagnostic characters with respect to the species were presented. In addition, we presented the notes concerned with the ecology, habitat, conservation status, pollen and seed morphology of the species. We furthermore constructed a distribution map for the new species and other related species.
... Population sizes and phenological and ecological properties were also observed in the field. The studies have revealed 2 new species (İlçim et al., 2009;Celep and Doğan, 2010), 2 new varieties and 2 new records Kahraman et al., 2009). Pollen morphological characters have long been used to solve taxonomic problems in a number of plant families (Castro et al., 2009). ...
In this study, the pollen morphology and exine structure of nine species of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six micromorphological characters (pollen shape, polar length, equatorial width, exine and intine thickness, colpus length and colpus width) of pollen grains of Salvia have been identified. The palynological observations revealed that pollen grains of most studied taxa of Salvia were suboblate shape and possess hekzacolpate aperture. Tectal surface sculpture was a good criterion to identify particular taxa from Salvia. The pollen of which is characterized by reticulate, the pollen ornamentation was similar in all studied taxa. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 395-403, 2021 (December)
... Salvia marashica A. İlçim, F. Celep & Doğan is an endemic species that grows in rocky mountain slopes of Kahramanmaraş in south-eastern part of Turkey at an altitude of 850-1700 m. This species was first collected by Dr. Ahmet İlçim from the rocky slopes of Ahır Mountain, where the species is rare and local, and then introduced to the science world in 2009 [16]. The epithet name of the species is derived from the city Kahramanmaraş where the type sample was collected. ...
... However, it differs by its larger, serrate, and densely pilose terminal leaf segment, multicellular and black-headed glandular pilose hairs. There is a detailed morphological comparison of S. marashica with those three endemic species [16] in the literature. S. marashica flowers in April, the other two species (S. rosifolia and S. huberi) grow in eastern and north-eastern Anatolia, respectively. ...
In this study, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the Salvia marashica plant which is an endemic species to Anatolia, were investigated. The total phenolic amounts of these extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent and total flavonoids as quercetin equivalent. Antioxidant activity was determined by four complementary methods including inhibition of lipid peroxidation (by β-carotene color expression), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC methods. Anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was investigated by the Ellman method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Viability and cytotoxic activity tests were carried out on the fibroblast L929 cells and cytotoxic A549 lung cancer cells, respectively. The triterpenoids and diterpenoids constitute the major secondary metabolites of the S. marashica acetone and methanol extracts isolated by chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, namely NMR and mass analyses. Ten terpenoids were obtained from either acetone or methanol extracts of the S. marashica. Seven of them were triterpenoids, elucidated as lupeol, lupeol-3-acetate, lup-12, 20(29)-diene, lup-20(29)-ene, α-amyrin-tetracosanoate, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid besides a steroid β-sitosterol. Two abietane diterpenes, abieta-8,11,13-triene (1) and 18-acetoxymethylene-abieta-8,11,13-triene (2), were obtained from the acetone extract which were isolated from a Salvia species for the first time in the present study. The methanol extract was found to be very rich in rosmarinic acid determined by LC-MS/MS analysis.
... Salvia marashica'nın tip örneği Ahırdağı-Maksutlu bölgesidir, ancak Ceyhan Vadisi'nde yer alan bir kaç lokalitede de çok az bireyle temsil edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada örnekleri topladığımız lokaliteler tür için yeni olmasının yanı sıra kaliksin daha fazla tüylü olması ile dikkat çekmekle birlikte lokaliteye bağlı tür içi karakterler olarak değerlendirilmiştir [17]. Ayrıca türün yetiştiği ortam yaz mevsiminde olduça kurak geçmekte olup mevcut kumlu toprak yapısı ve verimsiz çiçeklerin çok fazla oluşu birey sayısını sınırlayan en önemli etkenlerdir. ...
Bu araştırmada; Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabına göre IUCN tehlike kategorisi EN olan Ajuga relicta P.H.Davis (Lamiaceae), CR olan Astragalus akmanii Aytaç & H.Duman (Fabaceae) ve VU kategorisinde değerlendirilen Gypsophila nodiflora (Boiss.) Barkoudah (Caryophyllaceae) ile değerlendirme kriteri olmayan Salvia marashica İlçim, Celep & Doğan (Lamiaceae) ve Stachys marashica İlçim, Çenet & Dadandı (Lamiaceae)’ya ait türlerinin morfolojik özellikleri ve yetişme ortamlarına ait bilgiler verilmiştir.
... Türün morfolojik karakterleri türün ilk betiminin yayınlandığı makale ile uyum içerisindedir (İlçim, Celep, & Doğan, 2009). Bitkiye zarar vermemek amacıyla kök anatomisi çalışılmamıştır. ...
... Further hotspots of species richness are located in the Old World (OW 2 ), where approximately 350 spp. are found (Appendix B, see Thulin, 1993;Vural and Adigüzel, 1996;Van Jaarsveld, 1999;Dönmez, 2001;Haber and Semaan, 2004;Hamazaoglu et al., 2005;Yıldırımlı and Ertekin, 2008;Ilçim et al., 2009;Thulin, 2009;Celep and Dog an, 2010;Kahraman et al., 2011b;Zhu et al., 2011;Hu et al., 2013;Takano et al., 2014;Celep et al., 2015). ...
Aims:
Salvia L. is widely known as the largest genus in the mint family. A morphological modification of the androecium (lever-like stamens) was used to support this genus. However, molecular data revealed that Salvia is polyphyletic. Since phylogenetic studies largely underrepresented Old World Salvia species, we filled this gap and combined new data with existing sequences. The aim of our study was the identification of well-supported clades that provide the basis for evolutionary and taxonomic conclusions.
Methods:
We included ITS data (internal transcribed spacer) from 220 Salvia species, 86 of which were sequenced for the first time. Additionally, the highly variable plastid marker rpl32-trnL was sequenced, providing new data for 100 Salvia species. These sequences were combined with the accessions available from GenBank. Old World Salvia is represented herein with 57% of its species. The two datasets were analyzed separately using BI and ML approaches.
Results:
Our data confirm that Salvia is polyphyletic with four distinct evolutionary lineages (Clade I-IV), including five additional genera. The clades strongly reflect the geographical distribution, i.e., Clade IV (East Asia), Clade III (Southwest Asia to Northern Africa), and Clade II (America). The origin of Salvia s.s. (Clade I) is most likely Southwest Asia. A high degree of parallel character evolution was identified in most of the Old World sections. Based on our results, we reconstructed the evolution and biogeography of Salvia s.l. and propose to split this large group into six genera, each supported by geographical distribution, morphology, and karyology.
Conclusion:
Salvia s.l. is a polyphyletic group that was originally regarded as a genus because its species share a derived stamen structure. However, phylogenetic data clearly indicate that this floral trait and other morphological characters evolved in parallel. Our study illustrates that the combination of different data sets allows a comprehensive reconstruction of taxa and characteristic evolution, both of which are a precondition for future revision.
... However, trichome micromorphological studies are few in Salvia and include one or a few species only (e.g. Singh, Sharma & Jain, 1974;Corsi & Bottega, 1999;Ilçim, Celep & Doǧ an, 2009;Kahraman, Celep & Dogan, 2010;Shirsat, Kokate & Surdakar, 2012;Celep et al., 2014a, b;Dizkirici et al., 2015). ...
... Fig. 15. S. hypoleuca. et al., 2009;Salmaki et al., 2009), including Salvia (Singh et al., 1974;Bokhari & Hedge, 1977;Corsi & Bottega, 1999;Ilçim et al., 2009;Celep et al., 2014a, b), our investigation reveals the usefulness of such characters in providing fundamental taxonomic criteria in taxon delimitation at various levels, especially at the species level. Furthermore, the data presented here indicate the potential applicability of such characters in the determination of evolutionary trends in indumentum characters in Salvia and allies. ...
... Previous studies addressing trichome morphology in Lamiaceae have usually only included a limited number of species and have aimed to delimit certain groups in the family or to describe general trends in indumentum evolution in the family (Abu-Asab & Cantino, 1987;Cantino, 1990;Moon et al., 2009). A few studies have dealt with trichome morphology in detail (Ilçim et al., 2009;. ...
We have investigated the trichome characteristics in representative species of Salvia and Pleudia in order to evaluate this source of morphological evidence for addressing problems regarding generic delimitation and subgeneric classification. Trichomes of 46 Salvia spp., representing three subgenera in Iran, were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. General trichome characteristics were constant among different populations of a certain species, but showed a degree of variability useful in the delimitation of taxa, specifically at lower taxonomic levels. Trichome characters of taxonomic interest are as follows: types of glandular hair; number of composing cells (uni-, bi- or multicellular); size and thickness; branching pattern; and presence of papillae on the surface. Non-glandular trichomes can be simple and branched. Glandular trichomes can be stalked, subsessile or sessile. Our investigation reveals the usefulness of such characters in providing fundamental taxonomic criteria for taxon delimitation in these genera at various levels, especially at the specific rank. Furthermore, the data presented here indicate the potential applicability of such characters in the determination of evolutionary trends in Salvia and allies. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.
