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![Salt concentration dependent conductivity variation for SPE films: (PEO: KNO 3 ) [22]](profile/Dr-Yugal-Mahipal/publication/283857675/figure/fig1/AS:418431355637762@1476773217878/Salt-concentration-dependent-conductivity-variation-for-SPE-films-PEO-KNO-3-22.png)
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![Figure 4. " Log µ -1/T " [□] and " log n -1/T " [●] plots for NCPE OCC...](profile/Dr-Yugal-Mahipal/publication/283857675/figure/fig2/AS:418431355637763@1476773217917/Log-1-T-and-log-n-1-T-plots-for-NCPE-OCC-film-70PEO-30-KNO-3_Q320.jpg)
Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) based Nano-Composite Polymer Electrolyte (NCPE) membranes: (70PEO: 30KNO3) + x SiO2, where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 wt. (%), have been casted by hot-press/solution free technique. Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) composition: (70PEO: 30 KNO3) (wt. %), reported earlier as highest conducting film with room temperature c...
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... mentioned, the ion transport property characterization on hot-press casted SPE membranes: (PEO: KNO 3 ) of different salt concentrations has been reported earlier [22]. The variation of room temperature conductivity of these SPE films as a function of salt ratio has been reproduced here in fig. 1. It can be noted that increased rapidly as the salt concentration increased by 30 wt. (%), however, -decreased on further addition of salt by 40-50 wt. (%). SPE films beyond 50 wt. (%) appeared brittle and less stable. SPE film: (70PEO: 30 KNO 3 ) exhibited highest conductivity () ~ 3.98 x 10 -7 -1 cm -1 at room temperature (27 ...
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... partially blocked the charge transport. In the high frequency region, * decreased and finally, attained saturation. This is suggestive of effective participation of PEO dipoles in the dielectric polarization. The surface morphological pictures clearly indicated the uniform distribution of salt as well as SiO 2 particles in the respective films. Fig. 10 (a-d) illustrates the XRD patterns for films of pure PEO, SPE (I st -phase host) and NCPE OCC as well as polycrystalline powder of KNO 3 . Comparison of these patterns clearly confirmed the complexation of salt in the polymeric host, as many of the peaks related to the salt appeared along with PEO peaks, although slightly displaced with ...
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... spectroscopic responses for films of pure PEO, SPE (I st -phase) and NCPE OCC are shown simultaneously in fig. 11 (a-c) for direct comparison. The main spectral features of pure PEO viz. broad absorption bands corresponding to symmetric / anti-symmetric stretching modes (C-H) of CH 2 group around 2950-2800 cm -1 ; broad vibrational bands corresponding to symmetric / anti-symmetric C-O-C stretching modes around 1100- 1000 cm -1 ; gauche (OC-CO) ...
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... Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) values: ~ 2.18 and 2.08 V have been obtained for Cells # 1 and #2 respectively. Figures 13 and 14 shows the cell potential discharge profiles for Cells # 1 & # 2 respectively. The cell potential of both the batteries decayed to nearly half of their OCV value in 25-30 hrs. ...
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Study of ion transport behavior in K+-ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films: [(1-x) PEO: xCH3COOK] has been reported. Poly (ethylene oxide) PEO has been used as polymeric host and potassium acetate: CH3COOK as complexing salt. SPE films in varying salt concentrations have been prepared by hot-press cast method. SPE film: [95PEO: 5CH3...
Ion transport properties of Mg2+-ion conducting nano composite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) films have been investigated. NCPE membranes were cast by a completely dry/solution free hot-press technique. Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) composition: [85PEO: 15Mg(ClO4)2], identified as the highest conducting film in a separate study with room temperature...
Synthesis and ion transport characterization of a new K⁺-ion conducting nano-composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs): (1−x) [70PEO:30KBr] + x SiO2, where 0 < x < 20 wt%, are reported. The present NCPEs have been cast using a novel hot-press technique in place of the traditional solution cast method. The conventional solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) c...
Citations
... Two maxima for the conductivity were not so commonly observed for composites, few examples are AgI-Al 2 O 3 17 and nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes. [44][45][46][47] As mentioned in the introduction, theoretical studies on metal-superionic composites indicated anomalous variation of ac conductivity and dielectric susceptibility with metal concentration. 5,6 In one of the studies, 6 more than one maxima for electrical capacitance of were predicted for 2-D systems. ...
The conductivity, dielectric constant and crystal structure of the superionic-electronic conductor AgI-porous carbon composites have been investigated at various temperatures and carbon concentrations (Φ ≤ 10%). At a fixed temperature, both conductivity and dielectric constant exhibit anomalous variation with Φ showing maxima of the values. We observed significant differences in the behavior between the superionic (α) phase and insulating (β) phase. By incorporating carbon, the conductivity increases by four times in the β phase and six times in the α phase whereas the dielectric constant increases by five times and eight times respectively. Unlike in the β phase, the conductivity of the α phase exhibits two distinct maxima whereas the dielectric constant exhibits different features of the profiles in different frequency regions in the α phase. Also, the peak value of these properties exhibits power-law dependence on the frequency in both phases but with different values for the exponents.
... They are more reactive, difficult to handle in open ambience, toxic, expensive, low natural abundance etc.; hence, the batteries based on these chemicals involve several safety and environmental issues [15][16]. Thus, most of the researchers mainly focus their work on non-lithium-based battery technology [17][18][19][20], such as Na-ion batteries (NIBs), as compared to Li-ion batteries due to the materials advantages and low-cost resources [21][22][23][24]. ...
... NCPE film: [97PEO: 3NaCOOCH 3 ] + 2SiO 2 , exhibiting relatively higher room temperature conductivity (r rt )-$ 6.41 Â 10 -7 Scm À1 , and assigned as NCPE OCC film. r rt -enhancement in NCPE OCC film is due to an increase in the degree of amorphousity in the polymeric host as a consequence of salt complexation [16,18,19]. The above statement has been supported by the XRD and DSC analysis, which is discussed in section 3.2. ...
... The total ionic transference number (t ion ) in NCPE OCC film: [97PEO: 3NaCOOCH 3 ] + xSiO 2 , was measured using d.c. polarization TIC technique [19,20], as mentioned in Section 2. From the Fig. 3a 'Current vs Time' plot for NCPE OCC film, t ion was evaluated with the help of the following equation: ...
... The conductivity of the polymer-salt/nano-filler SiO 2 complexation system of [95(70PEO:30KBr):5SiO 2 ] presented two orders of enhancement compared with (70PEO:30KBr), and delivered a maximum conductivity of 2.5 × 10 −5 S/cm due to a consequence of dispersal of SiO 2 in the SPE host that could promote ion migration. Agrawal et al. [103] RT are shown in Figure 9e, and the temperature dependence conductivity plots of different PEO/KI/CeO2 PEs are depicted in Figure 9f. The plot in Figure 9e displays two conductivity maxima at around 5 and 20 wt.% of CeO2, which is similar to many reported works on the existence of two maxima in composite PEs [97][98][99][100]. ...
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are considered to be an effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their abundant resources, low cost, and similar electrochemical properties of K+ to Li+, and they have a good application prospect in the field of large-scale energy storage batteries. Polymer materials play a very important role in the battery field, such as polymer electrode materials, polymer binders, and polymer electrolytes. Here in this review, we focus on the research progress of polymers in KIBs and systematically summarize the research status and achievements of polymer electrode materials, electrolytes, and binders in potassium ion batteries in recent years. Finally, based on the latest representative research of polymers in KIBs, some suggestions and prospects are put forward, which provide possible directions for future research.
... Very recently, the nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) show technological importance over the SPEs. The recent technique developed for solid polymer electrolytes is the dispersion of nanosize inorganic ceramic filler particles such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO etc. in the electrolyte systems [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The dry inorganic compounds as ceramic powders can enhance not only the conductivity but also the stability of the polymer in the meantime [18][19][20][21]. ...
Ion conduction behavior of a new Na⁺ ion-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs): (1 − x) [70PEO:30NaBr] + xSiO2, where 0 < x < 20 wt%, is reported. NCPEs have been synthesized using a hot-press technique. Materials characterization, polymer-salt/nanofiller SiO2 complexation and thermal properties characterization were done with the help of XRD, FTIR, SEM, DSC and TGA studies. The ion conduction behavior in the present NCPEs has been discussed by the experimental measurements on some basic ionic parameters viz. conductivity (σ), ionic mobility (μ), mobile ion concentration (n), ionic transference number (tion), ionic drift velocity (vd) etc.
... Very recently, the nano-composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) show technological importance over the SPEs. The recent technique developed for solid polymer electrolytes is the dispersion of nano-sized inorganic ceramic filler particles such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, etc., in the electrolyte systems and these has been referred to as nano-composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) [15][16][17][18][19]. ...
Synthesis and ion transport characterization of a new K⁺-ion conducting nano-composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs): (1−x) [70PEO:30KBr] + x SiO2, where 0 < x < 20 wt%, are reported. The present NCPEs have been cast using a novel hot-press technique in place of the traditional solution cast method. The conventional solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) composition: (70PEO:30KBr), identified as the highest conducting composition at room temperature, has been used as first-phase host matrix and nano-size (~8 nm) particles of SiO2 as second-phase dispersoid. As a consequence of dispersal of SiO2 in SPE host, two orders of conductivity enhancement have been observed in NCPE composition: [95(70PEO:30KBr) + 5SiO2] and this has been referred to as optimum conducting composition (OCC). The polymer-salt/nano-filler SiO2 complexation and thermal properties characterization were done with the help of XRD, FTIR, SEM, DSC and TGA studies. The ion transport behavior in NCPEs have been discussed on the basis of experimental measurements on some basic ionic parameters, viz. conductivity (σ), ionic mobility (μ), mobile ion concentration (n), ionic transference number (tion), etc. The temperature-dependent conductivity studies of NCPE OCC have been done and activation energy (Ea) value was determined using log σ−1/T Arrhenius plot.
... Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) shows technological importance over all the types of CPEs. NCPEs have been prepared by the dispersion of nanosize inorganic ceramic filler particles such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 etc. in the host polymer electrolyte systems [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Among the known alkali salts, potassium ion conducting salts are available in low cost as well as this can be potentially used for industrial applications as they are corrosive and cost matter [12,13]. ...
Temperature dependent ionic conductivity measurement of a new K⁺ ion conducting nano-composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs): (1−x) [70PEO:30KBr]+x SiO2, where 0<x<20 wt%, are reported. The present NCPEs have been synthesized using a recently developed hot-press technique in place of the traditional solution cast method. Two orders of conductivity enhancement have been achieved in the present NCPE composition: [95(70PEO:30KBr)+ 5SiO2], after the nano filler SiO2 dispersion and this composition has been used as an electrolyte for the preparation of a new solid state polymeric cell. The cell potential discharge characteristics have been studied at different temperatures and various load conditions. The ionic transference number (tion) of the present system has also been calculated with the help of transient ionic current (TIC) method at different temperatures.
... This intercalation is likely to promote dissociation of salt leading to enhancement in the value of carrier concentration thereby causing increase in conductivity values [12,14]. Such a conclusion is envisaged on the fact that Lewis acid-base interactions between the heterogeneously dispersed filler surface and anions compete with interactions between cations and anions promoting salt dissociation via a sort of ionfiller complex formations [29]. Polymer-filler-salt interaction has also been noticed in XRD profiles (Figure 3) through shifting of diffraction peaks in the presence of filler particles (Section 3.2). ...
This paper deals with findings on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and ion-conduction behavior of MWNTs (multiwall carbon nanotubes) doped PVA:NH4SCN:DMSO dried gel electrolyte system prepared for four filler concentrations (2, 4, 6 & 8 wt%) by solution cast technique. XRD measurements reveal enhancement in amorphous behavior of composite gel electrolyte upon incorporation of filler particles. Better mechanical stability is noticed in the composite system upon dispersal of MWNT along with presence of dynamic during DMA measurements. Enhancement in ionic conductivity has been noticed with an optimum value of 4.5 × 10−3 Scm−1 for 6 wt% MWNTs filled composite electrolyte. Composite system exhibits combination of Arrhenius and Vogel-Tammam-Fulcher (VTF) behavior in temperature dependent conductivity study. The a.c. conductivity response seems to follow universal power law.
... This is probably due to the limitation of the preparation technique based on solution-cast. Recently, several workers synthesized a number of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and nano-composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs): [19] etc. by hot-presss technique over the conventional solution-cast method. They found that the hot-press method shows a number of merits over the conventional solution-cast method. ...
Synthesis and ion transport properties of hot-pressed solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), (1−x) PEO: x KI, where x is the content of KI in wt%, are reported. A hot-press technique has been used for the formation of the polymeric membranes in place of the usual solution cast method. The composition (80 PEO:20 KI) was identified as the highest conducting polymer electrolyte on the basis of compositional dependent conductivity studies of PEO:KI films. A conductivity enhancement of more than two orders of magnitude from that of the pure PEO was achieved. Materials characterization and ion transport mechanism were explained by using various experimental techniques.
In this review, we present the progress and recent advances in composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) containing micro and nano-sized materials with due attention paid to the role of multi-phases on the charge transport properties of the electrolytes. Mainly, attention is focused to provide information on the theoretical developments in the field of underlying charge transport mechanism of polymeric materials pertaining to this review article. Thus, few theoretical models relevant to present work in regards to ionic conduction in polymer electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes and nanocomposite polymer gel electrolytes has been dealt in detail. The paradigm shift from composite polymer electrolytes to nanocomposite polymer gel electrolytes (NCPGEs) is highlighted and the possible improvement and future directions in NCPGEs are discussed. The need of the polymer electrolyte composites along with active and passive fillers is well explained. The preparation of NCPGEs by dispersing the various semiconducting, ceramic, insulating particles and various nanotubes in the nano range are overviewed. The different types of models like Semiempirical model, Effective medium theory and percolation model are well subjected. Arrhenius, Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) and Williams, Landel and Ferry (WLF) equation studies and interprets their conductivities data. Effective medium theory model relates the conductivity enhancement to the existence of a space-charge layer at the electrolyte/filler interface. The percolation model explains the presence of two peaks in the conductivity vs weight percentage of dispersoid in the CPEs. Importance on addition of nanofillers in CPEs has been discussed well by using Tanaka's and Tsagaropoulos' models.
Reported in this chapter are synthesis and ion transport studies of K+ ion conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) membranes:(1-x) [70PEO:30KBr] + x SiO2, where 0 < x < 20 wt%. In place of the traditional solution cast method, NCPE membranes were casted using a novel hot-press technique. The conventional solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) composition: (70PEO:30KBr), identified as the highest conducting film at room temperature, was used as Ist-phase host matrix and nanosize (~ 8 nm) particles of SiO2 as IInd-phase dispersoid. As a consequence of dispersal of SiO2 in SPE host, a conductivity enhancement of an order of magnitude resulted in NCPE film: [95(70PEO: 30KBr) + 5SiO2]. This is referred to as optimum conducting composition (OCC). The ion transport behavior in NCPE OCC is discussed on the basis of experimental measurements of some basic ionic parameters, viz., conductivity (s), ionic mobility (µ), mobile ion concentration (n), ionic transference number (tion), etc. The conductivity as a function of temperature was also studied to compute the activation energy (Ea) by least square linear fitting of ‘log σ - 1/T’ Arrhenius plot. A new K+ ion conducting solid-state polymer battery was also fabricated using the present NCPE OCC as an electrolyte and some important cell parameters were calculated at room temperature.
