TABLE 1 - uploaded by C.A. Rotz
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SUMMARY OF BRUISE DETECTION TECHNIQUES
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... The resistance measured at 1 kHz. Rotz and Mohsenin (1978) measured electrical resistance of bruised and unbruised tissues in apples. They used two needles inserted into the apple skin and a General Radio Impedance Bridge at 1 kHz. ...
One of the main factors that cause to quality loss for fresh fruit market apples is bruise damage. Amongst the factors that affect apple sensitivity to bruising, major one is drop height and area profile during the impact. In the present study, four Iranian apple varieties consisted of Atirli, Kapak, Kowse and Paiez that were selected and 100 fruits of each variety were picked up, then apples were dropped from three heights and some mechanical properties such as bruise diameter, bruise height, rebound height, bruise energy percent, bruise coefficient of restitution, bruise resistant percent, bruise volume, bruise energy absorb and bruise contact above were tested and measured. The value of all features found to be different from variety to variety. As a result, Paiez variety was firmer than others. The maximum coefficient of static friction for MDF and the minimum was for PVC.
... Resistance was measured at 1 kHz. Rotz and Mohsenin [8] measured electrical resistance of bruised and unbruised tissues in apples. They used two needles inserted into the apple skin and a General Radio Impedance Bridge at 1 kHz. ...
... An increase in the energy absorbed to bruise samples produces a decrease of electrical resistance of the bruised tissue. Rotz and Mohsenin [8] observed also a decrease in the bruised compared to unbruised apple tissue. They claimed over 60 % change in the resistance. ...
Electrical resistance measurements were correlated with bruises in apples generated by an impact load. Bruises were induced on all the apples by swinging a steel plunger to produce 0.3-0.9 J energy. Electrical resi- stance parameters and bruise parameters varied over four harvest dates and five storage periods. Two parameters, unit electrical resistance and electrical resistance difference appeared to be good indicators of apple bruise resistance. Gloster had smaller bruises and higher electrical resistance than Jonagold and Melrose.
... There are a number of studies in which X-ray imaging has been used to evaluate the physical properties of agricultural objects. Examples are the detection of disorders in 'Alphonso' mango (Thomas, 1993), the detection of impact damage of sweet onions (Maw, 1995) and the detecting of bruises in apples (Rotz, 1978). ...
