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SEM photos of Astragalus species of the Onobrychoidei section: A: A. cancellatus (A6) ornamentation (SEM 10,000×). B: A. cancellatus (A61); abnormal pollen (SEM 2700×). C: A. cancellatus (A62) polar view and apertures (SEM 2000×). D: A. eliasianus (A7) equatorial view and apertures (SEM 3000×). E-F: A. adunciformis (A8). E. Equatorial view and apertures (SEM 3000×). F. Ornamentation (SEM 10,000×). G: A. demirizii (A9) equatorial view and apertures (SEM 3000×). H: A. cadmicus (A10) equatorial view and apertures (SEM 2700×). I-J: A. psoraloides (A11). I. Equatorial view and apertures (SEM 3700×). J. Ornamentation (SEM 10,000×). K-L: A. psoraloides (A111). K. Paratricolporate aperture type (SEM 2200×). L. Trizonocolporate aperture type (SEM 2300×).
Source publication
The pollen morphology of 45 specimens of 29 species of the genus Astragalus L. of the section Onobrychoidei DC. distributed in Turkey was studied with light and electron microscopies. The pollen is generally 3-colporate. Pollen of the section is prolate, subprolate, and prolate-spheroidal. Size varies, with the polar axis ranging from 23.4 to 42.6...
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Citations
... The aperture type of the species studied is generally trizonocolporate, whereas C. × florentinus show considerable variation with 3% trisyncolporate pollen grains besides 97% trizonocolporate type. This variation in aperture types can be attributed to heteromorphy in the pollen grains of C. × florentinus as reported by Mukherji (1951), Nair and Kaul (1965), Sharma (1969), Pınar et al. (2009Pınar et al. ( ), Özbek (2022. This type of pollen heteromorphy is due to an abnormality in meiosis (Mukherji 1951) or hybridization (Matsuda 1928;Aytuğ et al. 1971). ...
... Pollen ornamentation is often one of the most important features that can be used to distinguish taxa (Pinar et al., 2009;Tsymbalyuk et al., 2021). Khalik (2010) explained that exine ornamentation was also useful for distinguishing closely related genera such as Scabiosa and Lomelosia. ...
... Astragalus species in the same section often exhibit identical traits, making differentiation difficult, so, Astragalus experts utilize other morphological characters as well to augment the evidence for species delimitation. Pollen morphology, for instance, plays a key role in the differentiation of morphologically similar species of Astragalus (Pinar et al. 2009(Pinar et al. , Özgişi et al. 2013. Anatomical characters are also very useful in the identification and differentiation of closely related taxa of Astragalus (Al-Sammarai and AL-Khesraji 2016). ...
... Pollen morphology is also an important tool used in resolving the taxonomic problems associated with Astragalus (Erkul et al. 2022). Pollen morphology in Astragalus is usually used for the differentiation of similar species and has phylogenetic significance (Pinar et al. 2009). ...
A new species, Astragalus roseocephalus sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is known from Islamabad Capital Territory (Margalla hills), Rawalpindi district, Hazara and Kashmir. It belongs to Astragalus section Poliothrix Bunge. Morphologically, it is closely related to Astragalus leucocephalus Benth., but differs in height, presence of connate stipules, opposed to free lateral stipules in A. leucocephalus, stipule shape, leaf length, leaflet size, number, arrangement and shape, peduncle length, corolla colour, size and shape of standard, fruit shape and number of seeds. In addition, anatomy, pollen morphology, distribution and conservation status of the new species are discussed.
... Alopecuroidei DC. (Akan et al. 2005). Sculpturing ornamentation is usually microreticulate, rarely reticulate, or rugulate in the meridional region and psilate to perforate in the polar region was studied in the section Onobrychoidei DC. (Pinar et al. 2009 (Perveen and Qaiser 1998;Khan et al. 2022a). ...
... Aegacantha species are reported more or less heterogeneous. Pollen grains in Astragalus species were generally stenopalynous (Perveen and Qaiser 1998;Pinar et al. 2009). Even though the shape of pollen was generally perprolate, prolate, sub-prolate or sometimes prolate-spheroidal were and medium in size, isopolar, radially symmetrical and shape is sub-prolate in Astragalus grahamianus and A. hostilis, while in other taxa pollen shape to be prolate. ...
... Alopecuroides (Akan et al. 2005). Pollen sculpturing is microreticulate, rarely reticulate or rugulate at the meridional optical section, and psilate to perforate at the polar optical section was studied in the species of section Onobrychoidei (Pinar et al. 2009 (Kita et al. 1993;Latterell and Townsend 1994;Massoud et al. 2011;Rana et al. 2012;Kumar and Singhal 2016). However, the results of the present palynological study also show significant variations in pollen fertility and sterility (Table 2). ...
Astragalus L. sect. Aegacantha Bunge has 57 described species mostly confined in Southwest Asia and Central Asia. Here, we studied the pollen morphology of 17 species from this section present in Pakistan. Pollen morphology of sect. Aegacantha species is poorly investigated despite its systematic importance. The main aim of this study is to determine and document the pollen characters that can help in the taxonomic identification of species in this difficult section. Pollen slides were prepared following acetolysis and examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen size varies, with the polar axis ranging from 32.91-43.10 μm and the equatorial axis from 22.91-28.47 μm. The shape of pollen is sub-prolate (1.15-1.33) to prolate (1.34-2.00), small to medium in size, radially symmetrical, isopolar, trizonocolporate to tricolporate and monads. Sculpturing variations (i.e. reticulate, microreticulate, perforate, microperforate, regulate, microregulate and granulate) were observed around the apertural, meridional and polar regions. Ordination (PCA) analysis revealed that the quantitative characters of pollen morphology are the most reliable characters for delimitation of section Aegacantha species. Cluster (UPGMA) analysis shows a partial relationship between the Aegacantha taxa clustered based on pollen characters and supports the general morphology. Further, this study shows that the pollen traits provide a baseline for phylogenetic optimization in the investigated Aegacantha section.
... As a result of light and electron microscopy studies of the specimens in the Onobrychoidei section of the genus Astragalus L., they reported that the pollen was generally tricolporate, prolate, subprolate, or prolate-spheroidal. The polar axis of the pollen varied between 23.4 and 42.6 µm, and the equatorial axis varied between 14.3 and 36.4 µm; their external appearance was elliptic or flattened oval in the meridional optical region and trilobat and sometimes tetrabulate in the polar optical region [32]. The shape of pollen belonging to A. aucheri and A. orientalis species that we determined in this study is prolate. ...
This study aims to examine pollen morphologically via studies of 16 plant taxa from Turkish flora. The pollen structures of the taxa examined, and their microscopic relevance, was discussed and studied with the help of microscopic visualization using scanning and transmission microscopies. Pollen grains were first acetolyzed, and then quantitative and qualitative pollen features were used to evaluate the species. The pollen grains were prolate, spherical, elliptic, tricolporate, 3-colpate, and hexacolpate. Sculpturing patterns of surfaces vary from reticulate, micro-reticulate, and striate regulate. As the findings reveal, palynological data can aid in the taxonomic classification of Turkish floral species. Microscopic implications can be made via micromorphological examination to correctly identify the species. While the pollen morphology of 16 taxa collected from the study area was studied for the first time from this region, the palynological research of some taxa was introduced to the literature for the first time with this study. Pollen morphology and photographic and statistical data of the taxa in our study were determined. This study contributed to bee plant research, melisapalinological studies, and systematic botanical flora studies.
... For each pollen features 20 pollen grains were measured, for which average values and standard deviations are given in Table II. For SEM studies, the samples were placed on a SEM mount coated with double-sided carbon tape, which was followed by coated with gold sputtering (150 mA and 5 min) (Pinar et al. 2009b;Iṡģör et al. 2012). Morphological observations were made in a Faegri and Iversen (1975), Hesse et al. (2009), Punt et al. (2007 while for shape classification P/E ratio was followed as described by Erdtman (1969). ...
In this study, detailed light microscopy (LM) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of pollen grains belonging to 11 taxa of genera Grammosciadium, Vinogradovia and Caropodium were performed. The pollen is radially symmetrical and generally isopolar with the exception of Grammosciadium macrodan ssp. nezaketiae where 65% of the grains have asymmetrical appearance. All the taxa are tricolporate. Ectoapertures are discontinuous (colpus length: 14.7 ± 0.8 and colpus width: 21.20 ± 2.28) with narrow and acute at the ends extending to the subpolar region. Endoapertures are in the mid-section of the ectoapertures, which is lolangate, prolate-spheroidal in Grammosciadium scabridum, while lalongate, ellipsoidal, oblate or suboblate in the other taxa. Pollen shape is triangular and semi-triangular in polar-view. Pollen outline in equatorial view is subrectangular-straight in G. scabridum and Caropodium platycarpum, however, those were subrectangular and slightly constricted in equatorial region in all others. Based on the P/E ratio, it is prolate in G. macrodon ssp. macrodon while it is perprolate in the other taxa. Ornamentation variation (i.e. psilate, psilate-perforate, psilate-rugulate, rugulate and rugulate-perforate) was observed around the apertural, equatorial and polar regions. This character has been found as taxonomically important for the studied taxa.
... The sections of the genus are determined based on morphological characteristics such as stem length, stipule connection, leaf shape, inflorescence form and fruit state [6]. Although there are some systematical [7,8], anatomical [5,[9][10][11][12][13], palynological [5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and micromorphological [5,[20][21][22] studies, some systematic problems with Astragalus species are still unresolved [16]. ...
... Exine sculpturing is microreticulate with perforate. In Turkey, pollen grains of Astragalus species are generally stenolapynous and radial symmetry, isopolar, tricolpate (rarely tetracolpate) and microreticulate, microreticulate-perforate (rarely reticulate or rugulate) show ornamentation [5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Our pollen findings are similar to the previous evidence. ...
... A. microcephalus' pollen is prolatespheroidal shaped in the present study and Özbek et al.' study [5] while it was reported as prolate by Atasagun et al. [13], prolate, subprolate and prolate-spheroidal in sect. Onobrychoidei by Pınar et al. [17] and in sect. Hololeuce by Çeter et al. [18], oblate-spheroidal in sect. ...
... abbreviations: V1, polar axis; V2, equatorial axis; V3, pollen shape; V4, exine; V5, colpus length; V6, pore width; V7, general pollen ornamentation; V8, spine length; V9, cypsela length; V10, pappus type; V11, pappus status; V12, cypsela color; V13, cypsela apical rim. grains of R. pulchrum as reported by others (Mukherji 1951;Nair and Kaul 1965;Sharma 1967;İnceoğlu 1973;Pınar et al. 2009). This type of pollen heteromorphy is due to an abnormality in meiosis (Mukherji 1951) or to hybridization (Matsuda 1928;Aytuğ et al. 1971). ...
Pollen and cypsela morphology of four species of the genus Rhaponticum (Asteraceae) distributed in Turkey were investigated and compared utilizing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to identify these characteristics and to evaluate the diagnostic value of them for contribution to the systematics of the Turkish Rhaponticum. The pollen grains of Rhaponticum are radially symmetrical and isopolar. Their shape is prolate-spheroidal and oblate-spheroidal, with the polar axis ranging from 32 to 56.64 μm and the equatorial axis ranging from 31.92 to 56.64 μm. The aperture type is usually trizonocolporate, and rarely tetracolporate. Exine sculpturing can be divided into two types, namely microechinate and echinate. The cypselas are obovoid or narrowly obovoid in shape and dark brown with cream at the base, brown or dark yellow-green in color. The size of the cypselas range between 3.19–11 mm in length and 1.4–4.5 mm in width. The pappus shows variation in type and status: barbellate, scabrose and barbellate at apex, plumose or only scabrose and persistent or deciduous. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that especially pollen size, pollen shape, exine ornamentation, cypsela length and pappus type are significant variables for separating species in the taxonomy of the genus.
... Generally, they are tricolpate, sometimes 2, 4 or 6 aperture and variable shape from peroblate to prolate. In Turkey, pollen grains of Astragalus species are generally stenolapynous and radial symmetry, isopolar, tricolpate and they show microreticulate ornamentation [3,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. Our pollen findings are similar to the above evidences. ...
Astragalus tmoleus Boiss. var. bounacanthus (Boiss.) Chamberlain is a member of the Pterophorus Bunge section of the Fabaceae family and consists of the spiny cushion-forming shrub. In this study, morphological, anatomical and pollen properties of the plant, an endemic species for Turkey, have been investigated in detail. Morphological characters such as the shape of paripinnate leaves, stipules and bracts, the flower number in the inflorescence, the stenonychioid type of standard and the reniform type of seed can be helpful to distinguish A. tmoleus var. bounacanthus. The stem, leaf and rachis characteristics of the plant were examined in anatomical studies. There is a secondary growth in stem anatomy. The number of vascular bundles is 15-18 in a circle. The shape of the transversal section of the rachis is polygonal or almost orbicular. The sclerenchyma tissue is located on the vascular bundles in the rachis. A. tmoleus var. bounacanthus has equifasial leaves. The stomata type is anomocytic and occurs on both leaflet epidermises. The pollen grains of A. tmoleus var. bounacanthus have tricolpate aperture and they are subprolate-shaped. While the pollen exine sculpturing is microreticulate, the seed surface sculpturing is a prominent undulate-ridged pattern formed by irregular cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to determine pollen and seed morphology.
... Exine ornamentation of pollen grains is one of the most significant characteristics that can be used to separate taxa in palynological studies (Pinar et al. 2009;Tekşen et al. 2010;Bahadur et al. 2018;Lopes et al. 2021;Mete et al. 2021;Samaropoulou et al. 2022;Özbek et al. 2021). Ornamentation is defined as reticulate in H. acutiloba in the study by Tekin & Meriç (2013). ...
Pollen morphology of 11 taxa belonging to genus Hyacinthella and also Muscari azureum were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results were evaluated with multivariate analyses. Pollen grains of Hyacinthella taxa are suboblate and oblate with 24.7–32.47 µm in the polar axis (P) to 29.72–41.5 µm in the equatorial diameter (E), and show reticulate-heterobrochate ornamentation. Pollen grains are monosulcate in all studied Hyacinthella taxa while incomplete zonosulcate in M. azureum. Although the pollen grains of the studied taxa of Hyacinthella are morphologically quite similar, the Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrate that the pollen size, sulcus length, sulcus width, murus thickness, pollen shape, and the lumen number and diameter are the most valuable characters, in the clustering of the studied Hyacinthella taxa. On the other hand, the aperture type was the most important characteristic in the separation of Hyacinthella taxa and Muscari azureum. Furthermore, the length of polar axis, sulcus length, sulcus width, lumen diameter and murus thickness were found significantly different among some species based on ANOVA test. The results indicate that pollen features can be used to separate some of the studied taxa.
