Figure 11 - uploaded by Muhammad Qasim Hayat
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Pollen morphology and the degree of pollen variability within the fourteen species belonging to the two genera, Abutilon Mill. and Hibiscus L. of the family Malvaceae was studied and documented in detail using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two distinct pollen types were recognized based on polarity, shape, diameter a...
Similar publications
The taxonomic importance of pollen morphology in family Malvaceae had long been acknowledged as it provides the basis for palynological and phylogenetic analysis. In present study, pollen morphological characteristics of various Hibiscus syriacus cultivars were examined. The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive evidence on pollen mo...
The taxonomic importance of pollen morphology in family Malvaceae had long been acknowledged as it provides the basis for palynological and phylogenetic analysis. In present study, pollen morphological characteristics of various Hibiscus syriacus cultivars were examined. The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive evidence on pollen mo...
Citations
... The pollen grains, greater than 50μm, are large, according to Erdtman's (1952) size categories; however, the measurements disagree with the description of A. molle (syn. grandifolium), reported by Shaheen et al. (2009). The exine presents perforations and spines, as in Abutilon pictum (Del Pino and Díez 1990). ...
Urban green spaces have gained importance in view of growing urbanization; however, limited research exists on the interactions of native plants with the local fauna, particularly comparing protected natural areas vs. recreated ones. To contribute to filling this gap, the floral biology and pollination of Abutilon grandifolium (Malvaceae) were studied in an Ecological Reserve and in a square where the local environment was recreated with native plants, both located in Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. A. grandifolium was self-compatible. The flowers presented typical characteristics of biotic pollination (ornamented pollen, conspicuous perianth and rewards), particularly melittophily (diurnal anthesis, nectar, yellow-orange coloration, UV spectrum reward guides and pleasant odour). At both sites, the most frequent visitors were Apis mellifera and halictid bees, collecting nectar or pollen. While visits from the former were predominantly illegitimate, those from the latter were mostly legitimate. Occasional visitors included the bees Xylocopa sp. and Bombus pauloensis , syrphid flies, plus rarely, beetles. In specimens of all the bees, great amounts of A. grandifolium pollen was found in positions compatible with an effective transfer to the stigmas, therefore, all of them would be pollinators (when they access legitimately). The flies and the beetles would be mainly pollen and nectar thieves. In general, the identity, frequency and activity of the floral visitors coincided in the two sites, being species richness even greater in the square; therefore, the conditions that allow A. grandifolium to reproduce by xenogamy would be recreated in the square, thus maintaining its genetic variability.
... To illustrate this, a pollen sample of Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, see Fig. 13a) is collected from the institute gardens and dispersed in DI water. Hibiscus has spherical shaped pollen grains in the size range of 80-180 µm, with very small spike like features on its periphery [42]. The size distribution obtained by implementing the DFD technique on shadow images is depicted in Fig. 13b. ...
Dispersed particle size measurement is crucial in a variety of applications, be it in the sizing of spray droplets, tracking of particulate matter in multiphase flows, or the detection of target markers in machine vision systems. Further to sizing, such systems are characterised by extracting quantitative information like spatial position and associated velocity of the dispersed phase particles. In the present study we propose an imaging based volumetric measurement approach for estimating the size and position of spherically dispersed particles. The approach builds on the 'Depth from Defocus' (DFD) technique using a single camera approach. The simple optical configuration, consisting of a shadowgraph setup and a straightforward calibration procedure, makes this method readily deployable and accessible for broader applications.
... For improving systematic position and delimitation of taxa several palynological studies were also carried out on various species from different regions in which Christensen (1986), Perveen et al. (1994, El-Nagar (2004), El-Husseini (2006) and Shaheen et al. (2009) conveyed important notes about family and genus. In recent years Naseer et al. (2015) revised the pollen analysis of two species. ...
In this research paper, a newly identified plant species of the genus Abutilon Mill., namely Abutilon jafrii F. Naseer, A. Noor & A. Rahman, is described and illustrated for the first time in the province of Sindh, Detailed morphological descriptions of the species along with the micro-morphological examinations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the mericarps, seeds and pollens are presented. Additionally, Macro morphological characteristics including photographs of the plant habit with flowers, fruits, seeds and mericarps are provided. Through gross macro-morphological and micro-morphological investigations such as plant height, leaves texture and colour, pedicel of fruits and flowers, flowers diameter, sepal’s size in flowers and fruits, number of seeds per mericarp, pollen tectum exhibit significant differences in characters, which indicate that, it is a distinct species. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 30(1): 43-51, 2023 (June)
... After the cytochemical analyses, it was reported for first time that the pollen cytoplasm in H. syriacus was rich in protein and insoluble polysaccharides, and complemented anther development of the species. Although some studies have reported the development, morphology and spiny protrusions on H. syriacus pollen, information concerning cytochemistry of the mature pollen grains is insufficient (Takahashi & Kouchi 1988, Shaheen & al. 2009). Heslop-Harrison & al. (1973) reported that they encountered dense protein in the intine walls of different species of the Malvaceae family. ...
... Pollen variation diversity can contribute to taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses within the Malvaceae family, whose species can be identified by their spine characteristics [3,[29][30][31]. The pollen of Malvaceae plants is large, being 50~242 µm in diameter, with spines and panpori on the pollen surface, while Hibiscus pollen generally varies in size, from 118 to 252.5 µm in diameter [20]. ...
Identifying useful taxonomic indicators for classifying Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) cultivars can help address challenges in their homonymy and synonymy. Moreover, analyzing which pollen traits possibly lead to their successful fruiting can serve to guide the hybridization and breeding of H. syriacus. For the first time, this study classified 24 cultivars of H. syriacus based on 24 morphological and palynological indicators assessed for flowers, leaves, and pollen grains. These indicators were a mixture of quantitative and qualitative traits, measured to contribute to the identification and classification of H. syriacus cultivars. The results showed that the 24 H. syriacus cultivars could be classified into 2–6 clusters according to different taxonomic criteria. The leading diagnostic indicators were eight quantitative and eight qualitative traits, of which two new quantitative traits—the width of the spine base (SW) and average of the pollen grain radius and spine length (D-spine)—and five new qualitative traits—the amount of pollen surface spines (O-SA), whether the petals have the red center (B-RC), whether the pollen surface ruffles strongly (B-RS), the degree of pollen surface ruffling (O-DR), and relationship between calyx and bract (O-CB)—could be used as defining traits for H. syriacus cultivars owing to their robust contribution to the classification. The correlations between indicators for flowers, leaves, and pollen grains were explored, which revealed that the O-SA in H. syriacus was strongly tied to quantitative pollen traits. Furthermore, three qualitative morphological traits—whether the stamens are heterogeneous in terms of inner petals (B-IP), O-CB, and whether the leaf lobing is strong (B-LL)—were correlated with partial quantitative pollen traits. We also found that those H. syriacus cultivars with micro-spines or granulate on the pollen grain surface have higher fruiting rates; additionally, pollen diameter, spine length, and spine spacing might also be potential factors influencing successful breeding. The insights gained from this study could fill a key knowledge gap concerning the taxonomic criteria suitable for distinguishing H. syriacus cultivars. Our findings also provide timely information on how to understand the pollination process, especially those aspects leading to pollinator selection via pollen grain features, which could influence breeding programs and outcomes.
... The anatomical features of leaf are implemented in plant systematics for over the last 100 years. Leaf anatomical studies is a tool which put the species in correct taxonomic position and to identify various species [10][11][12] The traditional classification of plants based on morphological features of fruits and flowers, while now taxonomist identify plants with the help of leaf epidermal features [13][14][15][16][17]. Epidermal characteristics of leaf have great contribution to find out solution of taxonomic problems [18,19]. ...
... Dalbergia sissoo (15,16). Erythrina herbacea (17,18). Pongamia pinnata (19,20). ...
Light and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to study the leaf anatomical features of fourteen species of family Fabaceae. The plant species were Acacia modesta, and Sophora secundiflora. Scanning electron microscopy confirm that the stomata found in studied members are paracytic, tetracytic, anisocytic, and animocytic while the shape of epidermal cells are polygonal, elongated, tetragonal, wavy, and irregular type. Microscopic study shows that the maximum number of stomata were found on abaxail surface than adaxial surface. Paracytic type of stomata were found in majority of species while animocytic stomata found only in Dalbergia sissoo. Different types of stomata were found on both the surface of Fabaceae members but the stomata type is same on both surface of Butea monosperma, Dalbergia sissoo, Erythrina herbacea, Prosopis juliflora, and Sesbania sesban. Sophora secundiflora have highest number (39) of stomata on lower epidermis while Bauhinia purpurea L. and Bauhinia variegata L. have 5 stomata on lower epidermis. On the upper epidermis of Sesbania sesban have 5.33 number of stomata while 2 stomata were found on upper epidermis of Bauhinia purpurea L., Butea monosperma L., and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. The Pongamia pinnata have highest (83%) stomatal index while Erythrina herbacea have lowest (10.77%) stomatal index on upper epidermis. In Acacia modesta have high (28.6%) stomatal index and Prosopis juliflora have low (10.32%) stomatal index on lower epidermal surface. The study of these anatomical features provide us a valuable taxonomic information for the identification of problematic taxa.
... Acetolysis method of Erdtman (1960) was applied to prepare pollen of 12 species for light microscopic studies F I G U R E 1 Map of the study area Khan, Hayat, & Yasmin, 2009;Umber et al., 2021). A microscope (MEIJI, Japan) was used for micrometric studies of pollens and (Infinity 1-5C-MEL, Canada), fitted with LM (LEICA DM 1000) was used for micrographs. ...
Palyno-anatomical characterization of some selected species of Boraginaceae and Fabaceae using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted. Six species of them belongs to four genera of family Boraginaceae and other six species belongs to four genera of Fabaceae. The current study aimed to investigate palyno-anatomical features for correct identification and taxonomic significance. Pollen grains were acetolyzed and observed both qualitatively and quantitatively through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical data was analyzed through cluster analysis which categorized plants into clusters. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to illustrate morphological variation among selected plant species. Studied plant species showed variation in shape, size, aperture type, exine ornamentation of pollen, size and shape of epidermal cells, types of stomata, guard cells, subsidiary cells and trichome types. Exine thickness was recorded maximum 2.30 ± 0.1 μm in Lablab purpureus and minimum 1.05 ± 0.2 in Gastrocotyle hispida. PCA summarized 73.78% of accumulative variance. Trichome index was observed highest 62% on the adaxial surface of Heliotropium europaeum and lowest 21% on adaxial surface of L. purpureus. These findings reinforce the importance of palyno-anatomical features in the characterization and identification of taxa. It was concluded that description of palyno-anatomical characteristics presented in this study, highly contribute to our knowledge for correct identification of plant species.
... The pollen morphology of Malvaceae has been extensively explored, being considered an eurypalynous family, based mainly on the type of aperture and exine ornamentation (Saba 2007). Such pollen characters made it possible to group species or genera into pollen types, such as in Sharma (1967Sharma ( , 1968 and Saba et al. (2004); in addition to these characters, others helped, such as amb in polar view (Robyns 1971), shape (Perveen et al. 2004;El-Husseini 2006;Shaheen et al. 2009;Saba et al. 2020), polarity, diameters and size of the spines (Perveen et al. 1994;Shaheen et al. 2009;Saba and Santos 2015), size (Perveen and Qaiser 2009;Saba et al. 2020) or only based on exine ornamentation (Nilsson and Robyns 1974;Perveen and Qaiser 2007;Silveira-J unior et al. 2015Silveira-J unior et al. , 2017Saba and Santos 2015;Saba et al. 2020). ...
... The pollen morphology of Malvaceae has been extensively explored, being considered an eurypalynous family, based mainly on the type of aperture and exine ornamentation (Saba 2007). Such pollen characters made it possible to group species or genera into pollen types, such as in Sharma (1967Sharma ( , 1968 and Saba et al. (2004); in addition to these characters, others helped, such as amb in polar view (Robyns 1971), shape (Perveen et al. 2004;El-Husseini 2006;Shaheen et al. 2009;Saba et al. 2020), polarity, diameters and size of the spines (Perveen et al. 1994;Shaheen et al. 2009;Saba and Santos 2015), size (Perveen and Qaiser 2009;Saba et al. 2020) or only based on exine ornamentation (Nilsson and Robyns 1974;Perveen and Qaiser 2007;Silveira-J unior et al. 2015Silveira-J unior et al. , 2017Saba and Santos 2015;Saba et al. 2020). ...
We analyzed the pollen morphology of 13 Brazilian native species of Malvaceae s.l. from forest fragments of Cerrado belonging to nine genera [Bastardiopsis (K. Schum.) Hassl., Byttneria Loefl., Ceiba Mill., Eriotheca Schott & Endl., Guazuma Adans., Helicteres L., Heliocarpus L., Luehea Willd. and Pseudobombax Dugand] in search for characters that can expand the knowledge on the pollen morphology of species of the family that occur in areas of fragments. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described and photographed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The species studied were grouped into two pollen types based mainly on the type of aperture [simple aperture (3-porate or 4-colpate) and compound aperture (3-pororate or 3-colporate)], and the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Details of apertures (planaperturate, angulaperturate, type of endoaperture, costa, aspis and atrium) and exine ornamentation (verrucate, microreticulate, microreticulate-echinate, reticulate and bireticulate) contributed as secondary data to the segregation of species in an artificial pollen key. The metric characters examined by multivariate analysis allow the distinction of groups of species, based on the length of the apertures and the diameters of the pollen grains. Considering Malvaceae as an eurypalynous family, our results based on the qualitative and quantitative pollen data, allow the identification and can contribute to understanding the diversity among genera and species of Malvaceae s.l. in Brazilian forest fragments.
... However, due to overlaps recorded in pollen sizes of few accessions in each ploidy group, it was difficult to state with certainty the characteristic pollen size for each group. The overlap is most presumably due to the presence of additional pores and exine ornaments resulting in variation in the real pollen size of pollens obtained by one-and two-dimensional measurements [20]. ...
African yam bean is a diploid species of the genus Sphenostylis with variation in chromosome number (aneuploidy). Despite the reported variations, there's need to screen for other variations in chromosome number. Therefore, this study investigated the occurrence of aneuploidy in germplasm of AYB using combination of mitotic and pollen data. The mitotic chromosomes, pollen fertility, pollen size and morphology of fifteen accessions of AYB collected from Genetic Resources Centre unit of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were studied. The study observed three groups of chromosome numbers namely 2n = 18, 2n = 20 and 2n = 22 which serves as confirmation of the occurrence of aneuploidy in the germplasm of AYB. Pollen size was found to be influenced by the somatic ploidy level. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in pollen fertility of each ploidy group ranging from 86.02% in 2n = 20 group to 64.27% in 2n = 18 group. Due to overlaps in pollen sizes of some accessions (TSs 1, TSs 30A, TSs 138 and TSs 3) belonging to different ploidy groups, the actual pollen size of each ploidy group could not be emphatically given. The study however ascertained the ploidy status of TSs 3 and TSs 23 as 2n = 18, while TSs 138, TSs 42, TSs 150, TSs 51, TSs 148 and TSs 155 were characterise as 2n = 20. It also confirmed the occurrence of aneuploidy in the germplasm of African Yam Bean.
... Total mortality in the immature stages of A. swirskii fed on pollen grains from some families of Amaryllidaceae, Malvaceae (which includes hollyhock) and Liliaceae has been reported previously (Goleva & Zebitz 2013). Pollen-induced mortality may be due to grain morphology, that is to say, pollen shape, exine thickness and pattern, or length of spines on the pollen surface, which may affect the ability of mouthparts to puncture the exine and allow access to the pollen's contents by the immature mite (Bibi et al. 2008;Shaheen et al. 2009;Riahi et al. 2016). There are grounds for proving that nutritional quality, especially protein content (Riahi et al. 2016), and chemical composition of pollen differ with both plant species and pollination type (Somerville & Nicol 2006;Goleva & Zebitz 2013). ...
Pollen used as an alternative or supplementary food source for a predatory mite not only provides important
nutrients but also allows the predator to establish a population before prey becomes available. In this study, we
compared the pollen of apricot, pear, hollyhock, opium poppy, and date palm, and a factitious prey, UV-
irradiated eggs of Ephestia kuehniella, as food sources for Amblyseius swirskii. Different food items affected all
development stages differently, except for hollyhock pollen, where eggs failed to develop to maturity. Food type
affected the reproductive ability of females, which did not reproduce when fed on opium poppy during immature
stages. Most eggs per female were produced when feeding on the factitious prey, and second most with apricot
pollen. Feeding on factitious prey compared with pollen, resulted in greater longevity of both female and male
adults. Feeding on pear pollen or factitious prey caused, respectively, the lowest and highest population growth
rates (r and λ). Both net (R0) and gross (GRR) reproductive rates were highest when the factitious prey was the
food source. Among the pollen diets, apricot was the most beneficial food item. Because of their effects on rates
of population increase, either apricot pollen or the factitious prey could be further utilized as cost-effective
alternative food diets for both experimental and commercial mass rearing of A. swirskii.
