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The aim of the study was to investigate the optimization of the dissolution of tincal ore in phosphoric acid solutions at high temperatures in a batch reactor. The effect of the following parameters on the dissolution process was investigated: the reaction temperature, the phosphoric acid concentration, the particle size, and the solid-to-liquid ra...
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... Ülkemizde bol miktarda bulunması ve stratejik bir mineral olması nedeniyle bor minerallerin minerolojik yapıları çok fazla çalışılmış ve ana bileşenlerin oranları belirlenmiştir [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Buna karşın bu minerallerdeki eser elementlerle ilgili yeteri kadar çalışma yapılmamıştır. ...
In this study, Cu, Fe, Ni, Co and flame Zn trace elements were determined in
boron minerals most abundant in Turkey (colemanite, tinkal and ulexite) and
boron waste using atomic absorption spectrometry. After determining the suitable
solvent for the dissolution of boron minerals, the samples were dissolved and
the elements were determined in the sample solutions. In order to validate the
method, the accuracy and precision of the method was checked by analyzing
standard reference materials (NIST Montana soil 2711 and NIST Estuarine
sediment 1646a). In addition, linear working range, limit of detection (LOD) and
limit of quantification (LOQ) values for each element studied were determined
for the method. The concentration ranges of the elements determined in boron
minerals and boron waste are <LOD - 5.4 μg/g, 7.6-458 μg/g, 2.3-8.2 μg/g, 1.6-
111 μg/g and <LOD - 5.02 μg/g for Cu, Fe, Ni, Co and Zn, respectively.
... There are several research studies in mineral leaching that uses experimental design methods [48,49]. They are mostly focused on obtaining optimal parameter levels for maximizing the leaching rate [49][50][51][52][53][54] but experimental design methods may also be used to systematically investigate the effects of parameters on outputs as well. Using experimental design methods like Taguchi method effects parameters could be investigated systematically [55][56][57][58][59]. Taguchi Method is a well known method and it is widely preferred by researchers because of its simplicity and easy implementation. ...
An experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of the leaching parameters on impurity ion concentrations of the liquid phase in ulexite leaching. Powdered ulexite ore was leached in an aqueous medium with sulfur dioxide. The Taguchi experimental design approach and statistical methods were used to evaluate the effects of the leaching parameters (solid/liquid ratio, temperature, pH, particle size, time) on impurity ion concentrations (concentrations of magnesium, calcium, iron ions) in the liquid phase. The average B2O3 leaching ratio of ulexite ore was found as 98.56 % (± 0.95). Statistically effective leaching parameters on impurity concentrations (and delta values for concentrations) were found as pH (770 ppm) for magnesium, solid/liquid ratio (372 ppm) for calcium ion concentrations. The examined parameters were not found effective for iron ion concentrations.
... The optimization of dissolution conditions of the ores has a great importance in the industrial fields. For this reason a lot of studies have been made by researchers using various methods such as Taguchi [12,14,15] the factorial experimental design [8,[16][17][18] and the orthogonal central composite design [19,20]. ...
Colemanite is rich in boron, and it is a common raw material used to produce boron components. The first step in this process is the dissolution of colemanite using different leaching solutions. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dissolution kinetics of
colemanite in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) solution. The reaction temperature (T), the KH2PO4 concentration (C), the stirring speed (W), the solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) and particle size (D) of the colemanite were selected as parameters affecting the rate of its
dissolution. The Statistica software package was used to correlate the experimental results. The findings of the study showed that the dissolution rate of colemanite in KH2PO4 solution increased with increasing reaction temperature and KH2PO4 concentration, while
an increase in particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio caused a decrease. Heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction models were tried in order to derive a proper kinetic model for colemanite dissolution. According to the results, it was determined that the colemanite dissolution process is controlled by a chemical reaction model. The activation energy value (41.88 kJ mol�1) also verified this conclusion.
... The optimization of dissolution conditions of the ores has great importance in the industry. For this reason, several studies have been performed using various methods, for instance, the Taguchi method (Beşe et al., 2010;Doğan and Yartaşı, 2014), the factorial experimental design (Yalvac Can and Yildiz, 2006;Çalban et al., 2009;Tokkan et al., 2012;Durak et al., 2015), and the orthogonal central composite design Çavuş Dişli et al., 2014). In this study, the Taguchi method was used as the optimization method. ...
The main aim of this study was to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is one of the most significant air pollutant emitted from thermal power stations, using waste ulexite ore which cannot be recycled industrially and poses a risk for environment. In experiments conducted at atmospheric pressure in an aqueous environment, optimization of holding SO2 with waste ulexite ore has been investigated comprehensively and determined how much SO2 could be retained in solid waste. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimal conditions and effectiveness of the parameters were identified by variance analysis. The selected parameters and their ranges were defined as temperature (293–333 K), solid to liquid ratio (0.4–0.6 g mL⁻¹), particle size (150–600 µm), time (10–30 min), pH (5.5–7.5), and stirring speed (350–800 rpm). The optimal conditions for these parameters were determined to be 333 K, 0.45 g mL⁻¹, -250 µm, 15 min, pH 6, and 350 rpm, respectively. Among all parameters, temperature and pH were found to be the most effective. The results of the study revealed that SO2 can be retained in solid waste with calcium content of the boron minerals as CaSO3.0.5H2O and nearly whole B2O3 in the waste ulexite passes into solution. Under the optimum conditions, 86% of B2O3 passed into the solution and 75.2 L SO2 was retained by 1 kg waste ulexite ore. Thus, both B2O3 recovery and SO2 removal were materialized, while waste ulexite ore was evaluated and removed, simultaneously.
In this study, polymer composite material was obtained by using tincal ore as a filler. Tincal ores have been supplied from the province of Eskisehir in Turkey Kırka mining company. This ore was ground in the grain size range of 149 μm to 297 μm, and then dried at 378 K for 2 hours. Composite material has been obtained by mixing powder tincal into unsaturated polyester resin at 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% rates. Characterization processes of the obtained these composites such as density, porosity, heat conduction coefficient, thermal stability, Shore D hardness and tensile tests were performed. According to the results, as the proportion of tincal ore in the composite increased, both density and porosity increased. Although the increase in the ore ratio increased the thermal stability of the composite, it decreased its mechanical strength. In addition, the increase in the ratio of the ore by mass increased both Shore D hardness and thermal conductivity coefficient
Nowadays, alternative studies are becoming widespread to meet the raw material needs. Economical polymer raw materials are produced by using domestic, renewable resources and wastes. In this study, polymer composites were produced by mixing commercially supplied polyol and 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in certain proportions with industrial factory wastes. The fillers were obtained by evaluating the boron factory wastes supplied in Eskişehir. The chemical and physical properties of composite materials were examined and characterization processes were conducted. Changes in the polymer matrix structure were compared by using different proportions of colemanite, ulexite, and tincal ore from boron factory wastes by mass. According to the results, the use of high rates of fillers increased the density and thermal conductivity coefficient of the composites. The individual effects of additives on the composite may improve some desired properties depending on the intended use. The density, thermal conductivity coefficient, and Shore D hardness of the composite produced with colemanite from boron factory compound increased more than other components. The effect of ulexite on the composite was less than colemanite and more than tincal. The composite obtained from tincal ore has a lower thermal conductivity coefficient, density, and Shore D hardness than other composites. Pure polyurethane has been determined to have a lower thermal conductivity coefficient, density, and Shore D hardness than all composites.
Bu çalışma sinüsoidal darbe genişlik modülasyon (SDGM) ve üçüncü harmonik eklemeli darbe genişlik modülasyonu (ÜHEDGM) modülasyon tekniklerinin şebekeden bağımsız tek fazlı transformatörsüz H6-II tipi evirici kontrolü için performans değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Sistem temelde DA kaynağı, H6-II tipi evirici, filtre ve yük bileşenlerinden oluşmaktadır. Evirici çıkışı filtre türü olarak yaygın kullanama sahip L, LC ve LCLfiltre yapılarından LCL filtre seçilmiş ve test edilen SDGM ve ÜHEDGM teknikleri, bir adet taşıyıcı işareti ve aralarında faz farkı olan iki adet modülasyon işareti kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Çeşitli taşıyıcı işaret türlerinin (sağa ve sola yatık testere ve üçgen) modülasyon teknikleri üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Modülasyon tekniklerinin evirici verimi (Normal, Avrupa ve Kaliforniya verimi), aktif evirici giriş ve çıkış güçleri ve toplam harmonik bozulma (THB) miktarını ve akım ve gerilim dalga şekillerini nasıl değiştirdiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Şebeke bağlantısız tek fazlı transformatörsüz H6-II tipi eviricide SDGM tekniğinin kullanımının çıkıştaki yük akımında oluşan THB'nin iyileştirilmesinde pozitif etkisi olduğu ve yük akımı THB değerinin IEEE Std. 1547-2018 standardında belirtilenden daha küçük olduğu ve ayrıca tek fazlı sistemden ÜHEDGM tekniğini uygulanması ile çıkış gerilim dalga şekilde üçüncü harmonik bileşeni yok edemediği ve dalga şeklini sinüsoidal biçimden uzaklaştırdığı, buna rağmen çıkış geriliminin genliğini SDGM tekniği kullan H6-II tipi eviriciye göre daha da büyüttüğü tespit edilmiştir.
In this study, Cd and Pb were determined and investigated in the most abundant boron minerals such as colemanite, tincal, ulexite and boron waste existed in Turkey using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Graphite furnace temperature program for Cd and Pb determinations in samples was optimized in the absence or presence of palladium (Pd) and nickel (Ni) + Pd matrix modifier mixture. Pd + Ni modifier mixture was found to be more suitable for both Cd and Pb. The ashing temperatures for Cd and Pb obtained 600 °C and 1100 °C, respectively, in the presence of Ni + Pd mixture. Limits of detection and limits of quantification values for Cd and Pb in the absence or presence of Ni + Pd modifier mixture were determined. Accuracy and precision of the method proposed were checked by analyzing the standard reference materials (Montana Soil 2711 and Estuarine 1646a). Cd and Pb in boron minerals were performed under optimized experimental conditions.
Boron compounds such as colemanite, tincal and ulexite are of interest in many application areas due to their great properties. Colemanite and ulexite was used individually as fillers to prepare epoxy composites in this study. The influences of amount of filler, type of hardener and plasticizer addition on the properties of the novel composites were investigated with instrumental analyses and tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed good dispersion of filler in the epoxy matrix. Improvement in tensile properties was obtained up to 5 wt% filler content in the composites. Water sorption reduced dramatically with increasing amount of filler compared to neat epoxy. Excellent corrosion resistance and strong adhesion properties were observed in all composites. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and vicat softening temperature (VST) tests indicated that colemanite had better synergistic effect on the thermal properties of the neat epoxy than ulexite. Resistance to cold environment of the composites was quite high. It was thought that the composites can be evaluated successfully with the mentioned advantages in many industrial fields such as construction, coating, flooring, and so on.
Hydrothermal liquefaction, a thermochemical conversion process, is an effective method used for converting biomass into the liquid products. In this study, Datura stramonium L. plant stems have been used as biomass source. The experiments have been carried out using a cylindrical reactor (75 mL) with (colemanite and borax) and without catalyst at temperatures of 250, 300, 350 and 380°C. At the trials, it has been determined that formation of gas products has been dominant after 300°C temperature and there has been a decrease in the liquid product efficiency after this temperature. The produced liquids at 250, 300, 350 and 380°C in liquefaction were analyzed and characterized by elemental analysis, GC-MS and FT-IR. According to the analysis, highest numbers of different types of compounds were identified as 64 at the trials performed at 300°C by GC-MS. Thirty-nine, 54 and 60 different types of compounds were identified respectively at 250, 350 and 380°C.
