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Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is the phenomenon occurring in remotely piloted aircraft systems, especially in the radio-frequency band emitted by motors and power supplies, that needs to be shielded in order to avoid disturbances in communication signals. This paper presents a solution to this problem in the form of EMI shielding housing based...
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... polymers were assessed with the use of a scanning electron microscopy (Phenom ProX, The Netherlands). SEM images of PPy (Fig. 4) indicate that the fabrication route led to the formation of polymer nanoparticles with the diameters in the range between 20 and 80 nm forming larger agglomerates of a micrometer scale. In case of PANI, SEM images (Fig. 5) show that the polymer mechanochemically doped with camphorsulfonic acid exhibits a unique, fibrillar morphology, with the average diameter and length of fibers equal to 100 nm and 2-4 μm, respectively. PANI microfibers form extended three dimensional structures resembling ...
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In this work, AgNPs/PVA/Cellulose was used as a substrate material for surface Raman scattering enhancement. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized by Lee and Meisel’s method with the average particles size of 15.4 nm. Then, this silver colloid was made a homogenous coating on polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose film and structural characteristic...
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... For the reference PPy sample, the N-H stretching band did not appear because it was in the doped state, and the tail of the electronic transition band masked the vibration. The weak band at 2890 cm −1 is attributed to PEI's C-H stretching[33][34][35][36] . ...
Hybrid polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were prepared using a low-temperature oxidative polymerization process in an acidic solution with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a template and amine source. The results showed that the nanoparticles have an amorphous structure in the X-ray diffractogram and exhibited good dispersibility in water, uniform size, and a specific conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 6.9 S/cm. The particle size could be tuned from 85 to 300 nm by varying the reactant concentration. Undoping the samples with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution altered the optical absorption properties and surface roughness of the particles. However, it did not affect the particle size. The nanoparticles also exhibited optical sensing properties based on their UV–vis absorption changes with the pH. Moreover, nanoparticles could have potential applications in gene delivery and bio-adsorption for contaminant removal. This work demonstrates a simple and effective method for preparing hybrid polypyrrole nanoparticles with controllable size, dispersibility, and conductivity for various nanotechnology, biotechnology, and environmental engineering purposes.
... The chemical compositions of the PPy and MO-PPy nanocomposites were analysed by way of FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the samples within the 2500-500 cm − 1 range are depicted in Fig. 2. As portrayed in the PPy spectrum, the characteristic peaks comprise the C = C ring stretching mode of the pyrrole ring at 1539 cm − 1 , the C-N stretching band at 1457 cm − 1 , the C-H in-plane deformation mode at 1279 cm − 1, the C-N stretching vibration at 1164 cm − 1 , the N-H in-plane deformation mode at 1037 cm − 1 , the C-C deformation mode at 962 cm − 1 , and the C-H out-of-plane bending at 780 cm − 1 [41][42][43]. Interestingly, the peaks corresponding to pure PPy remained evident in the spectra, after the incorporation of the MOs. ...
The addition of metals or metal oxides (MOs) into polypyrrole (PPy) could facilitate the effective incorporation of the features of a parent component into novel nanocomposites. As such, this present study used in-situ ultrasonic-assisted chemical oxidative polymerisation (in-situ UA-COP) to synthesise MO-PPy nanocomposites using titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silicone dioxide (SiO2). The impact of MOs on the structural, morphological, thermal and electrical characteristics of the fabricated nanocomposites was then methodically analysed. The nanocomposites’ structural and chemical constitutions were ascertained by way of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The MOs were incorporated via non-covalent bonds into the PPy matrix, without significantly affecting the PPy matrix. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses demonstrated that TiO2-PPy was the most thermally stable, rending it is ideal for use in reactions that require high resistance to temperature. It also had the highest electrical conductivity (2.48 S/cm), which could be attributed to the conductive channels that the MO nanoparticle interconnections formed within the polymer matrix. This in-depth investigation serves to disclose the effect of different MOs on the characteristics of PPy nanocomposites. The findings of this present study also highlight the potential applications of the produced PPy nanocomposites in different fields, especially for use in sensors.
... These composites often exhibit synergistic effects, where the combined materials enhance each other's performance [10][11][12]. For example, when the polymer is incorporated into a metal oxide composite, it can impart enhanced electrical conductivity or photocatalytic activity [13,14]. This approach widens the range of applications, including photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and advanced sensors. ...
A highly efficient optoelectronic device has been successfully created by integrating a nanocomposite comprised MnS-MnO2 into a polymer matrix, specifically poly(2-amino thiophenol) (P2ATP). This resulting MnS-MnO2/P2ATP nanocomposite boasts a unique nanoneedle-shaped structure, significantly enhancing its optical properties. Notably, this composite exhibits a bandgap of approximately 1.8 eV. The MnS-MnO2/P2ATP thin film functions as an exceptionally efficient optoelectronic material, capable of sensing and detecting photons across a wide optical spectrum.. The device’s efficiency is assessed by determining two critical parameters: photoresponsivity (R) and detectivity (D). At a wavelength of 340 nm (nm), this optoelectronic device showcases impressive performance, delivering R and D values of 2.1 mA·W⁻¹ and 0.47 × 10⁸ Jones, respectively. Importantly, these remarkable R and D values remain consistently high across a broad optical range, extending up to 730 nm. The highest Jph value, reaching 0.21 mA cm⁻², is achieved at 340 nm, while this value sequentially decreases to 0.14 mA cm⁻² at 730 nm. This outstanding optical performance establishes the prepared MnS-MnO2/P2ATP nanocomposite as an exceptionally versatile and efficient optoelectronic material with the potential for various industrial applications. This promising behavior positions it as an ideal candidate for utilization in the industrial sector, where its robust and highly efficient performance can be harnessed in applications such as sensors, photodetectors, and various other optical technologies.
... The interference problem in UAVs is increasingly complex due to the structure of the UAV body, which is generally made of lightweight and strong composites, providing a fairly good level of flexibility compared to metal. This UAV structure offers flexibility but is less effective at withstanding electromagnetic interference compared to metal materials [7], [10]. ...
The increasing complexity of electrical and electronic systems in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has raised concerns regarding unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to limited compartment space. Recent studies have highlighted the UAV cabling as the primary pathway for interference. This paper presents a novel approach to investigating the effects of interference power, polarization angle, and distance from the interference source on EMI in UAV cable systems. Measurements and simulations were performed to analyze the influence of these factors on the radiation received by the cable. A linear dipole antenna, operating at a frequency of 905 MHz, served as the radiation source, while a single wire cable pair terminated with a 50-ohm resistor was employed as the victim. The findings reveal that the power transmitted by the source, the distance between the cable and the source, and the polarization angle have a significant impact on the electromagnetic interference received by the cable. Notably, a perpendicular orientation of the cable to the interference source (antenna) in the far-field yielded a reduction of up to 15 dBm in EMI. The results underscore the necessity for more sophisticated models and comprehensive measurements to fully comprehend the diverse factors affecting polarization losses in practical scenarios.
... With the rapid development of 5G technology, the modern aircraft had been equipped with the advanced electronic devices used in communication, internal cables, signal transmitters and circuit control system. This increased the electromagnetic waves inside the aircraft [1,2]. Also, the aircraft experiences the electromagnetic interference (EMI) from inside the plane (power and signal transmitters, circuit board, passengers portable electronic devices) and outside the plane (wireless networks from the ground, radar, communication from other aircraft, lightning strike and solar flares), which led to the deterioration of the performance of the aircraft system [3]. ...
The present work aimed at the development of lightweight EMI shielding epoxy-based composites with high mechanical strength for aircraft application. In this regard, we prepared CuO-activated carbon nanoparticles by the simple co-precipitation method. The different weight ratios (5, 10 and 15 wt%) of the CuO-activated carbon/epoxy composites are prepared, and their mechanical and EMI shielding properties have been studied. To achieve high mechanical and EMI shielding efficiency, the optimum composition of CuO-activated carbon/epoxy composite matrix is reinforced with the carbon fiber. The carbon fiber-reinforced CuO-activated carbon/epoxy hybrid composite exhibits high thermal and mechanical properties. The synergistic effect of carbon fiber and the 10 wt% CuO-activated carbon/epoxy composite matrix with excellent dielectric and ohmic losses delivered the highest electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness value of 52.02 dB at 11.48 GHz. Hence, the composite with superior thermal and mechanical properties can be used as a prominent electromagnetic shielding material in aircraft application.
... On the other hand, new peaks have also appeared in these spectra, which are related to the vibrations of polypyrrole functional groups. For example, in these spectra, the peak appearing at wave number [32][33][34]. Also, the peaks that appeared for different agent groups in this research are completely consistent with the results reported in similar articles [32][33][34]. ...
... For example, in these spectra, the peak appearing at wave number [32][33][34]. Also, the peaks that appeared for different agent groups in this research are completely consistent with the results reported in similar articles [32][33][34]. ...
In this study, cellulosic substrates (cellulose with porosity of 5 μm (Cel5) and 50 μm (Cel50)) were coated with nanostructured conductive polypyrrole (PPy). For the synthesis of polypyrrole on cellulosic substrates, chemical solution deposition (CSD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods were used. The effect of substrate type, synthesis method, and FeCl3 concentration (as oxidant in polymerization) on the electrical, mechanical, and structural properties of cellulosic substrates was investigated. Cellulose substrates modified with nanostructured polypyrrole were used to detect ambient temperature and humidity. The obtained results showed that polypyrrole particles with dimensions of 40 to 120 nm were synthesized on the substrates. FTIR results confirmed the synthesis of polypyrrole particles and electrostatic interactions between cellulose and polypyrrole. The synthesis of polypyrrole was better and easier in the solution phase than in the vapor phase. The flexibility and tensile strength of the substrates were affected by the synthesis of polypyrrole and the flexibility of the films decreased in the presence of polypyrrole. The synthesis of polypyrrole on the cellulose substrate significantly reduced the solubility and permeability to water vapor. The synthesis of polypyrrole caused the ability to conduct electricity on cellulosic substrates so that the synthesis in the solution phase created better electrical conductivity. As the concentration of FeCl3 as an oxidant increased, the synthesis of polypyrrole increased and the electrical conductivity was improved. Cellulose modified with polypyrrole showed the ability to measure temperature and humidity. So that in the temperature range of 30 to 90 °C and humidity of 30 to 50%, cellulose substrates were able to easily detect changes in temperature and humidity.
... For the structural analysis of organic materials, FTIR was performed, which confirmed all the functional groups present in the polymers (PPy and PVP) [1,3,7]. All the functional groups present in the PPy and PVP were also observed in the composite's samples, which are represented by vertically dashed black lines in Fig. 1b. ...
... Le pic à 1719,9 cm -1 correspond au pic d'étirement C = C du quinonoïde [271]. Le pic à 2950,7 cm -1 est dû à l'étirement C-H des groupes CH [271,272]. Il y avait également d'autres pics remarquables, tels que 3433,6 cm -1 , qui est attribué à l'eau absorbée et au mode d'étirement O-H [271]. ...
La présence de composés pharmaceutiques dans l'eau, en particulier d'antibiotiques, est un problème important qui peut avoir un impact négatif sur la vie aquatique et la santé publique. Les méthodes classiques d'élimination de ces composés ne sont pas toujours efficaces et peuvent générer des sous-produits nocifs. Il est donc urgent de développer des méthodes durables et efficaces pour éliminer les composés pharmaceutiques de l'eau. Bien que la photocatalyse soit une technique prometteuse pour l'élimination de ces composés, des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour optimiser son efficacité et son efficience. Afin de contribuer à la résolution de ce problème, cette thèse s'est concentrée sur le développement de solutions photocatalytiques durables pour l'élimination des composés pharmaceutiques de l'eau. Un groupe d'antibiotiques provenant d'une usine pharmaceutique a été traité par un processus propre, la photocatalyse, en utilisant des cristaux de sillénite comme photocatalyseurs récents. Ces photocatalyseurs de sillénite ont été synthétisés par la méthode sol-gel et ont été caractérisés avant d'être utilisés. L’application de photocatalyse a été modélisé et optimisé à l'aide d'une méthode de réseau neuronal artificiel, puis comparé en présence de différents catalyseurs. Les résultats montrent que la sillénite Bi12TiO20 est le meilleur candidat pour les applications photocatalytiques, avec une efficacité de 94% pour une solution de Céfixime avec une concentration initiale de 10 mg/L en seulement 3 heures dans des conditions optimales. De plus, la qualité de cette méthode a été vérifiée par différentes techniques en montrant que le polluant a été minéralisé avec succès avec la présence d'une petite quantité de petits sous-produits. Ensuite, un système de traitement photocatalytique a été proposé comme solution à grande échelle pour le processus précédent et une évaluation économique intégrée de ce système a été réalisée afin d'examiner son applicabilité à grande échelle. L'efficacité de ce processus a également été améliorée en le combinant avec une autre technique de traitement, à savoir l'adsorption à l'aide d'un polymère intéressant, la polyaniline. Les résultats montrent que ce système hybride peut éliminer une concentration très élevée de Céfixime de 30 mg/L, presque à 100%, en seulement 2 heures, ce qui est mieux que les recherches précédentes. Le domaine de l'ingénierie a également été appliqué dans cette thèse en concevant un réacteur à agitation continue et en utilisant un système hybride composé de graphite comme adsorbant et de ZnO comme catalyseur. Les résultats montrent que ce type de réacteur peut être une méthode prometteuse pour éliminer les antibiotiques des eaux usées dans des applications à grande échelle.
... The peak at 1719.9 cm -1 corresponded to the quinonoid's C = C stretching peak [284]. The peak at 2950.7 cm -1 is due to C-H stretching in CH groups [284,285]. There were also some other remarkable peaks, such as 3433.6 cm -1 , which is attributed to absorbed water and the O-H stretching mode [284]. ...
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in water, especially antibiotics, is a significant concern that can negatively impact both aquatic life and public health. Classique removal methods for these compounds are not always effective and can generate harmful by-products. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop sustainable and efficient methods for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water. Although photocatalysis shows potential as a technique for removing these compounds, further research is necessary to optimize its effectiveness and efficiency. In order to contribute to addressing this issue, this thesis focused on developing sustainable photocatalytic solutions for eliminating pharmaceutical compounds from water. A group of antibiotics taken from a pharmaceutical factory have been treated through a clean process which is photocatalysis using sillenite crystals as recent photocatalysts. These sillenite photocatalysts have been synthesized by sol-gel method catalysts and they have been characterized before they were used. The photocatalysis system has been modeled and optimized using an artificial neural network method and then compared in the presence of different catalysts. The results show that sillenite Bi12TiO20 is the best candidate in photocatalytic applications, with an efficiency of 94% for a Cefixime solution with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L in only 3 h under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the quality of this process has been verified by various techniques by showing that the pollutant has been mineralized successfully with the presence of a little amount of small by-products. After that, a photocatalytic treatment system has been proposed as a large-scale for the previous process and an integrated economic assessment for this system has been performed to examine its applicability in large-scale applications. The efficiency of this process has also been improved by combining it with another treatment technique, which is adsorption using the interesting polymer polyaniline. The results show that this hybrid system can remove a very high Cefixime concentration of 30 mg/L, almost 100%, within only 2 hours and this is better than previous investigations. The engineering field has also been applied in this thesis by designing a continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR) and using a hybrid system made of graphite as an adsorbent and ZnO as a catalyst. The results show that this type of reactor can be a promising method for removing antibiotics from wastewater in large-scale applications.
... The peak at 3415 cm À1 and 1640 cm À1 denotes the presence of Col polymer in the Col-PPy composite. The C¼C stretching of PPy was attributed to the peak at 1556 cm À1 , and the peak at 1515 cm À1 denotes the pyrrole ring stretching of the Col-PPy composite [28]. The CeH and CeN plane deformation of pyrrole was found at 1397 cm À1 and 1186 cm À1 [29], and these peaks confirm the formation of the Col-PPy composite. ...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major clinical problem in young patients. The major hurdle in SCI regeneration is the replacement of lost nerve communication signals due to injury. Here we have prepared a biocompatible electrical conductive composite such as Collagen-Polypyrrole combined with Quercetin (Col-PPy-Qur) composite. The prepared composites are characterized for their chemical functionality and morphology by the FTIR and SEM & TEM analysis, respectively. The Col-PPy-Qur composite observed electrical conductivity at 0.0653 s/cm due to the conductive Polypyrrole polymer present in the composite. The Col-PPy-Qur composite exhibits a mechanical strength of 0.1281 mPa, similar to the native human spinal cord's mechanical strength. In order to explore the regeneration potential, the viability of the composite has been tested with human astrocyte cells (HACs). The Tuj1 and GFAF marker expression was quantized by RT-PCR analysis. Increased Tuj1 and decreased GFAF expression by the Col-PPy-Qur composite indicated the potential differentiation ability of the HACs into neuron cells. The results indicated that the Col-PPy-Qur composite could have good regeneration and differentiation ability, better biocompatibility, and suitable mechanical and conductivity properties. It can act as an excellent strategy for spinal cord regeneration in the nearer future.
