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SEM images of: (a) clinoptilolite, (b) bile and (c) clinoptilolite + bile. Arrows (in red) indicate bile micelles.
Source publication
Bile, important for cholesterol homeostasis, is a potential target of hypercholesterolemia management. Bile sequestration by orally administered resins, while mostly effective in reducing blood cholesterol, presents several side effects and disadvantages. Thus, widely available natural edible minerals such as clinoptilolite with adsorptive properti...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... sample was assessed via SEM-EDX to further verify the sequestration of bile by clinoptilolite, infer a potential mechanism of sequestration, study the structure of the clinoptilolite-bile system, and perform via the EDX system a semiquantitative assessment of the degree/efficiency of bile sequestration by clinoptilolite. The SEM images obtained (Fig. 4) demonstrate that the clinoptilolite in the final sample exhibits granular heterogeneity, is comprised of crystals and its particle size is of the order of a few micrometers. Bile in the final sample on the other hand, exhibits an open type network/ frame composed of spherical and disc-shaped micelles (typical micellar configuration). ...
Citations
... More than 50% of animal diseases are alimentary diseases, and among non-communicable diseases up to 92% are associated with feeding disorders. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Therefore, the veterinary service should establish constant control over the quality of feed and the fullness of feeding, the state of metabolism in the body of animals and the quality of the products received. Feed, products of plant and animal origin used for feeding farm animals. ...
The article contains data from production experience on sows. As a result of the introduction of a feed additive from plant components (Phytolim) into the composition of diets for sows at a dose of 3 g per 1 kg of live weight, the following indicators increased: - multiple births per 0.3 heads on average per sow - safety at the time of weaning by 1% - milk content per 2.6 kg - the live weight of piglets at birth is 70 g.
... 101 Interestingly, as the absorption of polyphenols present in food depends mostly on the activity of intestinal microflora, 102 ways to improve the bioavailability and biofunctionality of polyphenols may prove crucial for promoting health, 103 including reducing the risk of cancer. In this context, novel nutrient-delivery products specifically targeting the colon are being designed and developed 104 for gut and subsequent metabolic positive modulation. These compounds may include dietary polyphenols, which have been shown promise as adjuvants in the improvement of colorectal cancer. ...
... Bile acids, including their bacterial breakdown products such as deoxycholate, are physiological constituents of the intestinal lumen. There is evidence for their binding to clinopitlolite [41]. Hence their potential to interfere with the binding of C. difficile toxins A and B to G-PUR1 at low concentrations (2.5 and 0.25 mM) was tested. ...
... Bile acids including deoxycholate are present in the intestinal lumen. Previous studies provided evidence for adsorption of bile acids to various forms of clinoptilolite [41,54]. Accordingly, we directly examined the binding of radioactively labeled deoxycholate to G-PUR1. ...
... Restoration of Bacteroidetes is an important component in the recovery of the microbiome and is associated with protection against recurrence of C. difficile-induced diarrhea [63]. As shown in the present study and earlier work, clinoptilolite binds bile acids [41,54]. ...
Clostridioides difficile (C . difficile) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The current treatment of C . difficile -associated diarrhea relies on the use of antibacterial agents. However, recurrences are frequent. The main virulence factors of C . difficile are two secreted cytotoxic proteins toxin A and toxin B. Alternative research exploring toxin binding by resins found a reduced rate of recurrence by administration of tolevamer. Hence, binding of exotoxins may be useful in preventing a relapse provided that the adsorbent is innocuous. Here, we examined the toxin binding capacity of G-PUR®, a purified version of natural clinoptilolite-tuff. Our observations showed that the purified clinoptilolite-tuff adsorbed clinically relevant amounts of C . difficile toxins A and B in vitro and neutralized their action in a Caco-2 intestinal model. This conclusion is based on four independent sets of findings: G-PUR® abrogated toxin-induced (i) RAC1 glucosylation, (ii) redistribution of occludin, (iii) rarefaction of the brush border as visualized by scanning electron microscopy and (iv) breakdown of the epithelial barrier recorded by transepithelial electrical resistance monitoring. Finally, we confirmed that the epithelial monolayer tolerated G-PUR® over a wide range of particle densities. Our findings justify the further exploration of purified clinoptilolite-tuff as a safe agent in the treatment and/or prevention of C . difficile -associated diarrhea.
... Therefore, it can be argued that while humans evolved to cook their food because of the beneficial energy gain, for weight loss and decreased risk of obesity, a raw and plant-based diet may be advantageous. On a different research approach, nutrient delivery/sequestration systems utilizing edible minerals have been investigated to attenuate CVD risk by reducing cholesterol levels through bile sequestration, thus modulating the GI environment [87]. Significant work with zeolites has been done to identify it as a pro-health dietary supplement in pigs [88]. ...
... obesity is another factor that is associated with chronic disease such as cardiometabolic syndrome and t2dM risk with alarmingly increasing rates among adolescent in turkey a point that deems further attention. 5 While techniques, dietary schemes and products are being developed to supplement medical nutrition therapy on the clinician-end, 29 more research is warranted suggest that higher SeS (i.e.: level of education and household income) is associated with better adherence to snacking, as well as improved quality and quantity of snacks among t2dM patients. Furthermore, we observed that higher SeS also corresponds to better t2dM management as assessed by hba1c levels. ...
BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing worldwide, while incidence/prognosis
are strongly affected by diet. Cure remains elusive, hence T2DM management emerges critical, while meal timing, food
amount and quality are key for glycemic control. Healthy snack consumption (SC) between meals improves glycemic
control by regulating plasma glucose and optimizing insulin secretion. In Turkey, T2DM prevalence is estimated at 13.7%
and awareness on SC importance is low. Studies demonstrate a linear relationship between socioeconomic status (SES)
and T2DM management quality via SC. We aimed to investigate the relationship between SC and T2DM management
quality and SES in Turkish patients, an understudied topic to date.
METHODS: 102 adults (57 male, 45 female), T2DM registered patients at Istanbul University Medicine Faculty Hos-
pital, participated. A country-specific questionnaire for Turkey was applied for assessing general demographics, SES,
eating habits and SC. Anthropometry, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and blood lipid profile were assessed.
RESULTS: Of participants: 52% were 35-64 years, 29.4% overweight, 71.6% had waist circumference <105 cm. Regard- ing SES, 40.2% obtained university education, 30.4% had income over 3000 TL/month, medium-high based on Turkish
Ministry of Finances scales. 38.2% of participants were T2DM diagnosed for 1-5 years, 64.7% were receiving diabetes
education and 44.1% were obtaining T2DM-specific education from dietitians. High SES patients consumed more regu- larly snacks of better quality compared to lower SES, also exhibiting better T2DM control as assessed by HbA1c.
CONCLUSIONS: SES is positively associated with better SC practices and more effective T2DM management in Turk- ish patients. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM in Turkey along with the much understudied landscape it would
be beneficial for policy making to increase the study-pool regarding the topic and the country.
... Therefore, it can be argued that while humans evolved to cook their food because of the beneficial energy gain, for weight loss and decreased risk of obesity a raw and plant-based diet may be more beneficial at least marginally. Interesting research is being done in the area of edible clay minerals as gut environment regulators for optimizing metabolism [70]. ...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease that affects over 9% of the United States population and is closely linked to obesity. While obesity was once thought to stem from a sedentary lifestyle and diets high in fat, recent evidence supports the idea that there is more complexity pertinent to the issue. The human gut microbiome has recently been the focus in terms of influencing disease onset. Evidence has shown that the microbiome may be more closely related to T2DM than what was originally thought. High fat diets typically result in poor microbiome heath, which then shifts the gut into a state of dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can then lead to metabolic deregulation, including increased insulin resistance and inflammation, two key factors in the development of T2DM. The purpose of this review is to discuss how microbiome relates to T2DM onset, especially considering obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.
β-carotene is a carotenoid with provitamin A activity and other health benefits, which needs to become bioavailable upon oral intake to exert its biological activity. A better understanding of its behaviour and stability in the gastrointestinal tract and means to increase its bioavailability are highly needed. Using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method coupled to an intestinal cell model, we explored the stability, gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene from microparticles containing carotenoid extracts derived from mango by-products. Three types of microparticles were tested: one with the carotenoid extract as such, one with added inulin and one with added fructooligosaccharides. Overall, β-carotene was relatively stable during the in vitro digestion, as total recoveries were above 68 %. Prebiotics in the encapsulating material, especially inulin, enhanced the bioaccessibility of β-carotene almost 2-fold compared to microparticles without prebiotics. Likewise, β-carotene bioaccessibility increased proportionally with bile salt concentrations during digestion. Yet, a bile salts level above 10 mM did not contribute markedly to β-carotene bioaccessibility of prebiotic containing microparticles. Cellular uptake experiments with non-filtered gastrointestinal digests yielded higher absolute levels of β-carotene taken up in the epithelial cells as compared to uptake assays with filtered digests. However, the proportional uptake of β-carotene was higher for filtered digests (24 – 31 %) than for non-filtered digests (2 – 8 %). Matrix-dependent carotenoid uptake was only visible in the unfiltered medium, thereby pointing to possible other cellular transport mechanisms of non-micellarized carotenoids, besides the concentration effect. Regardless of a filtration step, inulin-amended microparticles consistently resulted in a higher β-carotene uptake than regular microparticles or FOS-amended microparticles. In conclusion, encapsulation of carotenoid extracts from mango by-products displayed chemical stability and release of a bioaccessible β-carotene fraction upon gastrointestinal digestion. This indicates the potential of the microparticles to be incorporated into functional foods with provitamin A activity.
