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SEM images of IIR starch granules. IIR starch was observed by scanning electron microscopy at × 2000 magnification
Source publication
Isatis indigotica Fort. root (Ban-lan-gen, IIR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has an ancient and well-documented history for its medicinal properties. Aside from epigoitrin, indole alkaloids, and their corresponding derivatives as medicinal ingredients, it also contains lots of biomass such as starch. Herein, a new starch was isolated from...
Citations
... Starch-rich wastes can be converted into glucose [16], which can then be fermented to produce L-lactic acid [17], ethanol [18], succinic acid [19], and hydrogen [20]. Alternatively, they can undergo chemical catalysis to produce HMF [21], LA [22], methyl lactate [23], dehydrating sugar [24], and other bio-based platform compounds. Recently, He et al. [25] employed a hydrolysate of starch-rich solids from kitchen waste to prepare a superhydrophobic stearic acid-modified BC aerogel (S-BCA) for adsorbing cooking oil. ...
... using NREL's laboratory analytical procedures [29] and basing on our previous report [24].The calculation followed the equation of the NREL method, and results for each sample were expressed as the mean of three replicates. ...
... Starch in TCMDRs has long been overlooked because it is often confused with cellulose in the regular NREL method [24]. For example, both Wang [19] and Jia [34] mistook the measured glucan as cellulose in Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) and Isatis tinctoria (IT). ...
Roots and stems comprise a large proportion of traditional Chinese medicines and often serve as the energy storage units of plants. However, their decoction residues still contain a significant amount of starch, and direct landfilling, incineration, or carbon disposal results in a wastage of resources. In this study, five types of starch-rich traditional Chinese medicine decoction residues (TCMDRs)c, namely, Radix Isatidis Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Corydalis and Fritillaria Thunbergii. Radix Paeoniae Alba were screened and hydrolyzed using amylase-glucoamylase to produce fermentable sugar. The resulting glucose yields were 87.54%, 84.51%, 85.14%, 82.55%, and 87.75%, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysate, after flocculation-decolorization treatment, was used to produce D-lactic acid and ethanol, resulting in a concentration and yield of 121.11 g/L (0.97 g/g) and 54.17 g/L (0.49 g/g), respectively. When single or mixed starch-rich TCMDRs were directly used as feedstocks for ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), they exhibited similar ethanol fermentability, with yields ranging from 0.33 to 0.43 g/g. The SSF residues were thermochemically transformed into biochar with a specific surface area of 89–459 m²/g to reduce secondary waste generation. The utilization value of starch-rich TCMDRs was significantly improved through the implementation of enzymatic hydrolysis to produce fermentable sugars, anaerobic fermentation to produce D-lactic acid and ethanol, and the utilization of fermentation residues for biochar production.
Graphical abstract
