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A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a flat surface. It is a narrowband, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite...
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For the transmission of signals at higher frequencies, there is a requirement for extension of a higher capacity system and higher bandwidth in wireless communication systems. The use of smart antenna increases the system performance with the arrangements of its constituent elements and digital signal processing capacity. Analysis and design of sma...
This paper presents the design and study of a high performance microstrip rectangular patch antenna for the 2.5 GHz ISM band. The proposed antenna make use of small multiple circular slots embedded in the radiator to enhance the performance of the traditional patch antenna. Introduction of the new multi-slot arrangement offers a low profile antenna...
Citations
... Where ( ) is the speed of light in vacuum taken as 299 792 458 m⁄ [12], ( ) is the resonant frequency, ( ) is effective dielectric constant, ( ) is effective length, and (∆ ) is extended length [8]. ...
... In a non-contacting technique, electromagnetic coupling is used to transfer power from the feed line to the path rather than directly feeding the patch with RF power. The most popular non-contacting feed techniques are proximity coupled feed and aperture feed[11] [12]. ...
The Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) are compatible with MMIC designs, low profile, conformable to planar and nonplanar surfaces, simple and inexpensive to manufacture using modern printed-circuit technology, mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces, and very versatile in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, pattern, and impedance when the specific patch shape and mode are selected. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect RPMA's size based on changes the dielectric substrate's relative permittivity value of FR4 material, methods of transmission line feeds and the output result in term of Return Loss at the minimum value desired frequency 2.4GHz. The process began with the creation of a single element RMPAA. The resonance frequency, material, and height of the substrate were all determined. For a good impedance matching network, the patch dimensions were estimated using the transmission line model, and the single element RMPAA was excited using the inset fed microstrip line approach and the quarter-wave transformer. The CST Design Suite 2019 software was used to simulate the intended single element rectangular microstrip antennas. In terms of gain and return loss, the primary findings of the designed antennas were compared. The designed antennas resonated not exactly at the specified resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz due to unperfected FR4 material permittivity. Parametric sweep is used to optimize the most suitable Width and Length values so that Return Loss approaches the minimum at the desired frequency 2.4GHz.The single element f RMPAA arrays achieved gains of 10.29 dB, respectively, compared to the single element RMPAA gain of 5.26dB. The results reveal that the planned RMPAA arrays outperform the single element RMPAA in terms of gain and the size of the RMPAA affected by the dielectric constant of the substrate. The antennas are suitable for usage in wireless local area networks, S band communications, and advanced wireless communication systems.
... The feeding technique plays a critical role in improving the antenna's input impedance matching, and thus provides for an efficient operation of the antenna. Some of the different types of feeding techniques include: the microstrip line feed, inset feed, coaxial coupled feed, aperture coupled feed, and proximity coupled feed [23]. It is noted that the inset feed technique was adopted in the two antenna designs evaluated in this project. ...
... It is noted that the inset feed technique was adopted in the two antenna designs evaluated in this project. The rationale behind its selection is its comparability to its alternatives, it provides the antenna with a relatively high gain, and low return loss especially when the dielectric FR4 is being used [23]. viii. ...
The rectenna serves as a pivotal device for realizing efficient long-distance wireless power transfer. This study contributes to the progression of rectenna technology by introducing a novel antenna configuration: the '3-point star.' In this innovative design, a triangular element is seamlessly integrated with three sides of a square microstrip patch antenna, forming a distinctive geometry. We systematically evaluate the performance of this '3-point star' design in comparison with the conventional square microstrip patch, both operating within the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. The evaluation encompasses an analysis of crucial performance parameters, including gain, directivity, return loss, radiation pattern, and efficiency, all simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Our investigation uncovers intriguing insights attributed to the '3-point star' design. Notably, the strategic incorporation of the triangular element (juxtaposed with the conventional square patch design) enhances the antenna's gain, directivity, and return loss. This suggests a potential improvement in energy capture and signal propagation, vital for effective wireless power transfer systems. Additionally, we extend our scrutiny to the rectifying component, wherein we design and simulate a greinacher voltage-doubler featuring two HSMS2820 diodes. Spanning a range of input power levels (10 dBm - 34 dBm) and accommodating various load resistances (220 \(\Omega\), 380 \(\Omega\), and 810 \(\Omega\)), our simulations unveil a maximum conversion efficiency of 88.02% at 28 dBm input power for the 810 \(\Omega\) load resistance. The distinctive geometry of the '3-point star' antenna design introduces an innovative dimension to wireless energy harvesting. Its potential to enhance critical performance metrics, as underscored by our findings, augments its significance in modern power transfer systems. Through this exploration, our study enriches the understanding of rectenna technology, paving the way for novel advancements in wireless power transfer applications.
... Microstrip antennas are an option because they have a lot of advantages such as lighter weight, practicality, small dimensions, and easy fabrication. Because of this advantage, microstrip antennas have been applied to modern telecommunications and surveillance equipment [1][2][3][4][5][6]. ...
... It consists of four arms in opposite directions with four slots between the arms. FR-4 substrate is mostly used because of its less cost, dominant availability and use at various frequencies [9][10]. Further, feeding plays a very important role for matching the input impedance and getting SSA to work efficiently. ...
... Aperture Coupled (AC) and Proximity Coupled (PC) are the two most used noncontacting feeding approaches. [10][11] A. ML Feed It makes use of a conducting strip, which is physically joined to the border of the MSA. The benefit of this type of feeding mechanism is in the form of planar structure as the feed is engraved in the same substrate. ...
This work proposes a study of an innovative compact monopole antenna comprising with a microstrip patch engraved in the shape of a Swastika design. The study of various feeding methods for wireless microstrip patch antennas, is addressed in this paper. The various design aspects of the swastika shaped patch antenna are discussed. The performance parameters are reported in form of comparative analysis of the existing literatures.
... Hence, for the impedance match, the feed line is used with quarter wave transformer for minimal reflections thereby increases the return loss parameter. The most popular feeding techniques are: [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. ...
In recent years, the analysis of microstrip patch antenna (MPA) has bloomed the wireless communication. Since there are more compact gadgets in the wireless technology, more antenna come into existence with varying configuration and space orientation. The compactness proposed for the design of MPA becomes more challenging task for proper alignment, flexibility in feeding the line. MPA finds more advantageous than the earlier antenna with huge structures, which are likely installed at the proper height. The proposed radiator analysed for three shapes (rectangle, circle and triangle). In addition, the radiator analysed for different substrates such as Arlon, Epoxy, FR4, Polymide and Rogger 5880 using the software CST studio software 2019. The height if the dielectric layer is 1.6 mm.
... Microstrip antenna research in general is focused primarily on small designs, wide bandwidth, dual or multi band operating frequencies, and relatively high-gain [21], [22]. The patch can be made up using various design structures, but the easiest and best configurations are rectangular and circular [23]. A significant improvement in patch antenna performance, reported in several studies published in the literature [24]- [28], by adding different slot geometries to the patch. ...
This paper introduces a new rectangular slot antenna structure based on a simple rectangular shape with two symmetrical rectangular slots on the radiated element. The aim of this work is to design an antenna and enhance it to function in the band (2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz). We formulated the dimensions of the antenna using the transmission line model of the analytical methods and then we optimized these parameters using the CST Microwave Studio simulator. We made changes to two important parameters in our design: the position and width of the slots when the other parameters are kept constant. The resulting antenna provides good adaptation, high gain that achieves 5.96 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 6.491 dBi at 5.8 GHz, good return loss values of -49.859 dB and -34.303 dB for the lower and upper operating frequencies respectively. For radio frequency identification (RFID) implementations, the proposed antenna is ideal, and its main advantage is that it has high gain and is simple to design and fabricate.
... [13][14][15][16][17] There are several techniques for feeding patch antennas that use inset technique for feeding this structure. [18][19][20][21] We choose the working frequency equal to f = 10 GHz, so the initial dimensions of the radiant elements that are selected are equal to λ g 2 ¼ 7:5 mm. Then, with little optimization, the dimensions of the single patch antenna are obtained at the frequency of 10 GHz, as shown in Figure 14. ...
The most important limitation in using OAM multiplexing in communication is the range, so that because of OAM beam propagation, it cannot be used in the long range. It was found that when several original OAM modes were superimposed together, the concentrated EM wave in a certain angular range, with its effective phase diagram, could constitute a new quasi-OAM (QOAM) mode. In this paper, the superposition of multiple OAM modes for beam concentration using uniform circular array (UCA) is presented to in order to realize long-range communication. The simulation results show that the orthogonality characteristic of the two QOAMs produced by the proposed method is more than 10 decibels.
... One of the key factors in antenna analysis is the definition of the excitation source. Regardless of source configurations using software simulators, there are a variety of feeding techniques of patch antennas studied in the literature [18][19][20][21]. For example [18], the performance of a patch antenna was investigated with different feeding techniques, including microstrip line feed, coaxial probe and aperture coupled feed, to select the best one in terms of input impedance behavior. ...
One of the challenges in antenna analysis is achieving concordance between the results of a purely theoretical numerical method application and commercial simulation software. In this paper, a comprehensive study of a method of moments analysis application combined with a generalized equivalent circuit (MoM-GEC) discussed with a commercial simulation software model is described. Concordances and discrepancies are discussed in terms of shielding and excitation source configurations based on electrical antenna performance. The results show good agreement with the simulator’s boundary conditions tool and unexpected results with equivalent boxing configurations. Additionally, the feeding source definition matching between the MoM-GEC and simulator applications is attributable to both the boundary conditions and the source dimensions. The measurement results of a fabricated prototype of the planar antenna operating at 5 GHz validate the MoM-GEC and simulation results with an S11 of about -24\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-24$$\end{document} dB.
... The measured VSWR at the working frequency (1.27 GHz) is 1.48, and the simulated VSWR is 1.40. In short, the simulation and measurement results show high compatibility and a high matching between the feeding network and antenna [22]. ...
... 35,37 The feed point is chosen at that position where there is 50 Ω impedance. 35,38 In this analysis, four types of feeds are considered: inset, microstrip, coaxial probe, and CPW. The proposed CCHFA with three different feeds is shown in Figure 7. ...
This paper explores the unique design of a circular-shaped compact hybrid fractal antenna (CCHFA) with defected ground plane for industrial, scientific, and medical band applications. The designed antenna is built on an easily available 1.6 mm thick, FR4 epoxy substrate of size 37.5 × 37.5 mm². It utilizes a hybrid approach that involves the amalgamation of two distinct circular fractal patterns. A 50 Ω feed line of width 2.8 mm is connected with the designed patch. In this design, the ground plane dimension ‘Lg’ is optimized specifically with an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. To realize the effectiveness of the proposed design, the performance is practically evaluated through experimental testing. The proposed antenna in its final version, practically offers a bandwidth of 87.2 MHz (3.52%) and gain of 8.1 dB at the claimed resonance. Radiation patterns provided by the proposed CCHFA are arbitrary omnidirectional/bidirectional and exhibit sufficient stability. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate the applicability of ABC algorithm in the devices designed for biomedical purposes. Furthermore, an exhaustive parametric evaluation has also been conducted to examine the effect of variations in few geometrical parameters on the performance of the designed antenna.
