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Roots of Iostephane heterophylla. Transversal longitudinal and radial sections of the middle part (arrow).
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The roots of Iostephane heterophylla are popular in Mexican traditional medicine and as such are a good candidate to develop herbal drug preparations to be used as phytomedicine. International criteria for validation and standardization of a herbal product as phytomedicine include, among others, the integration of microscopic and histochemical char...
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Citations
... Since the macroscopic verification of botanicals is most subjective and substitutes or adulterant exit which closely related, therefore anatomical studies are important. The microscopic examination compares the diagnostic tools in correct identification of botanicals (Sandoval et al 2005). Herbal medicine is a triumph of popular therapeutic diversity. ...
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. belonging to family Asteraceae (Compositae), commonly known Niger, blackseed (E) Ramtil, Kalatil (H). It is an erect, stout, branched annual herb, grown for its edible oil and seed. The present investigation was aimed to determine the morphological and microscopical characters of plant. Microscopical studies of the seeds revealed the presence of endosperm, calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains and oil globules. The data obtained in present study will serve as valuable tool for identification, authentication and detection of adulterants, standardization and quality control of the Plant Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
... The microscopic examination compares the diagnostic tools in correct identification of botanicals. 1 Herbal medicine is a triumph of popular therapeutic diversity. Almost in all traditional medicine, the medicinal plants play a major role and constitute the backbone for the same. 2 In order to make sure the safe use of these medicines, a necessary first step is the establishment of standards of quality, safety and efficacy. ...
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Syn. G. oleifera D.C., Polymnia abyssinica L.f., Suppl., Verbesina sativa Roxb., Jaegeria abyssinica Spr., commonly known as Ramtil in Hindi and Niger in English belongs to family Asteraceae (Compositae) is native of Abyssinica (South Africa). The plant is used in the treatment of various diseases such as arthritis, microbial infections and seed oil serve as contraceptives. The leaves of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. (Asteraceae) are popular in Indian traditional medicine and as such provides good to develop herbal drug preparation to be used as phytomedicine. International criteria for validation and standardization of an herbal material as phytomedicine include microscopy and histological examination of raw material to guarantee its authenticity. The fresh leaves were taken to study the histology of the species. The thin section was made and treated with saffranine, chloral hydrate and iodine solution, mounted with glycerine and observed under microscope. Similarly, the dried leaves was made in to powder and was taken in glass slide, stained and mounted with glycerine, observed under microscope to reveal the powder character. The anatomical study revealed the presence of multicellular trichomes, stomata, chloroplast, conjoint and collateral vascular bundle, while powder microscopy revealed the presence of xylem vessels, parenchyma, calcium oxalate crystals etc. Thus, the present paper aims at setting the anatomical standards to establish quality control parameter for the raw material. The data obtained in present study will serve as valuable tool for identification, authentication and detection of adulterants, standardization and quality control of the plant Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
... Since the macroscopic verification of botanicalsare most subjective and substitutes or adulterant exit which closely related, therefore anatomical studies are important. The microscopic examination compares the diagnostic tools in correct identification of botanicals ( Sandoval et al., 2005). ...
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Syn. G. oleifera D.C., Polymnia abyssinica L.f., Suppl., Verbesina sativa Roxb., Jaegeria abyssinica Spr., commonly known as Ramtil in Hindi and Niger in English belongs to family Asteraceae (Compositae) is native of Abyssinica (South Africa). The plant is used in the treatment of various diseases such as arthritis, microbial infections and seed oil serve as contraceptives. The stem of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. (Asteraceae) are popular in Indian traditional medicine and as such provides good to develop herbal drug preparation to be used as phytomedicine. International criteria for validation and standardization of an herbal material as phytomedicine include microscopy and histological examination of raw material to guarantee its authenticity. The fresh stem was taken to study the histology of the species. The thin section was made and treated with saffranine, chloral hydrate and iodine solution, mounted with glycerine and observed under microscope. Similarly, the dried stem was made in to powder and was taken in glass slide, stained and mounted with glycerine, observed under microscope to reveal the powder character. The anatomical study revealed the presence of multicellular trichomes, oil glands, conjoint and collateral vascular bundle arranged in rings, stone cells and pith, while powder microscopy revealed the presence of xylem vessels, tracheids, starch grain, fibres and oil glands. Thus, the present paper aims at setting the anatomical standards to establish quality control parameter for the raw material. The data obtained in present study will serve as valuable tool for identification, authentication and detection of adulterants, standardization and quality control of the Plant Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. INTRODUCION The systematic study of flora traditional uses has led to the identification of plant species with bioactive compounds that could eventually developed as new drugs. Among the quality control parameters of medicinal plants recommended by WHO the visual macroscopy and microscopic verification are very essential. Since the macroscopic verification of botanicalsare most subjective and substitutes or adulterant exit which closely related, therefore anatomical studies are important. The microscopic examination compares the diagnostic tools in correct identification of botanicals (Sandoval et al., 2005). Herbal medicine is a triumph of popular therapeutic diversity. Almost in all traditional medicine, the medicinal plants play a major role and constitute the backbone for the same. 2 In order to make sure the safe use of these medicines, a necessary first step is the establishment of standards of quality, safety and efficacy (Dwivedi and Dubey, 2009). Keeping these facts in consideration the present work was undertaken to reveal the microscopic and histological characteristics of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. Syn. Syn. G. oleifera D.C., Polymnia abyssinica L.f., Suppl., Verbesina sativa Roxb., Jaegeria abyssinica Spr., commony known as Ramtil (H) and Niger (E) belonging to family Asteraceae. In spite of its numerous medicinal attributes, till date no work was reported on the microscopic examination of stem of selected plant. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to set standards and revealed the anatomical features of the stem of Guizotia abyssinica.
Herbal spices are an agricultural commodity, economically very important and beneficial in primary healthcare in the food and medicine sectors. Herbal spices are used as food flavoring agents as well as in phytotherapies throughout the world and have nutritive benefits. The food and medicine industries widely employ artificial or natural adulteration to retard the deterioration and utilization of these adulterants in food and medicine products has given rise to significant apprehension among consumers, primarily stemming from the potential health risks that they pose. Thus, their characterization for the purpose of identification, origin, and quality assurance is mandatory for safe human consumption. Here, we studied 22 samples of commonly traded herbal spices that belong to 20 different genera and 21 species comprising 14 families, investigated macroscopically or organoleptically as well as histologically under microscopic examination. In this study, we provide details on organoleptic features including appearance, taste, odor, color, shape, size, fractures, types of trichomes, and the presence of lenticels among the examined herbal spices and these features have great significance in the detection of both natural as well as artificial deterioration. In terms of microscopic characterization, each examined plant part comprising different anatomical characteristics has taxonomic importance and also provides useful information for authentication from natural adulterants. Furthermore, the studied taxa were also described with nutritive and therapeutic properties. For condiments, herbal beverages and medicinal purposes, different herbal parts such as leaves, floral buds, seeds, fruit, and accessory parts like mericarp, rhizome, bulbs, and bark were used and commercially traded. Similarly, in this study, the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala and Mentha spicata, the floral buds of Syzygium aromaticum, the seeds of Amomum subulatum, Brassica nigra, Punica granatum, Myristica fragrans, Phyllanthus emblica, and Elettaria cardamomum, the mericarp of Coriandrum sativum, and Cuminum cyminum were observed. As a result, we show the potential of herbal spices as a source of many valuable phytochemicals and essential nutrients for food, nutraceutical, and homoeopathic medicine.
Iostephane heterophylla is a traditional Mexican medicinal plant and is an important source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The aim of this work was to conduct a comparative analysis of secondary metabolites of different roots and leaf extracts of I. heterophylla from two zones in Mexico using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Twelve secondary metabolites from roots were identified in the leaves. Five new molecular weight secondary metabolites not previously reported were found. Six bioactive metabolites were quantified (quercetin ≤0.151 mg/mL in root and ≤0.041 mg/mL in leaf; hesperidin ≤0.66 mg/mL in root and ≤0.173 mg/mL in leaf; epicatechin ≤0. 163 mg/mL in root and ≤0.664 mg/mL in leaf; caffeic acid ≤0.372 mg/mL in root and ≤0.393 mg/mL in leaf; chlorogenic acid ≤0.234 mg/mL in root and ≤0.328 mg/mL in leaf; and xanthorrhizol ≤0.667 mg/mL in root), and a selective extraction method was established: quercetin in root and leaf by reflux; hesperidin in leaf by Soxhlet and in leaf by reflux; chlorogenic acid in root by Soxhlet and in leaf by reflux; chlorogenic acid ≤0.234 mg/mL in root and ≤0.328 mg/mL in leaf by ultrasound-assisted extraction; epicatechin in root by ultrasound-assisted extraction; caffeic acid in root by reflux and in leaf by Soxhlet. The most efficient solvent was methanol. This study provides a new secondary metabolite profile found in the leaves of I. heterophylla, highlighting it is an essential source of three bioactive compounds: epicatechin, hesperidin, and quercetin.
The present chapter more than triples the number of plants identified in the Voynich Codex, from 4 species identified in 1944 by Rev. Hugh O’Neill, to 37 by Tucker and Talbert in 2013, to 55 species by Tucker and Janick in 2016, and to 57 species in Tucker and Janick (2018, Chap. 4). The phytomorphs in the Voynich Codex are listed alphabetically by family and species, and the folio designation is listed. Each identification is divided into four subsections:
The aim of this review is to provide a summary on multidisciplinary scientific information obtained from medicinal plants used worldwide to treat anxiety, focusing on pharmacological and clinical studies. The bibliographical investigation was carried out by consulting five peer-reviewed worldwide database publications for references, and patents. The information gathered on plants with attributed anxiolytic properties are presented as follows: (1) plant extracts with anxiolytic properties evaluated in animal models; (2) plants with clinical trials; (3) identified active compounds in plants that have been assayed in animal models; (4) mechanism of action of anxiolytic plant extracts and compounds; and (5) registered patents for anxiolytic plant preparations. We recorded 112 plant species belonging to 63 botanical families for which the anxiolytic properties had been tested in animal models. Eleven plant species to treat general anxiety disorders as well as eleven species to treat anxiety-associated conditions, had been documented by clinical trials. Thirty-three registers for active compounds belonging to five general types of secondary metabolites had also been recorded. The mechanism of action at the central nervous system level had been determined in 33 plant species, either in their extracts or isolated compounds. Forty-seven patent registrations for plant preparations to be used for the treatment of anxiety were included.
