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Rooting response in Withania seedlings due to supplement of extract from infected material after 2 weeks. Note the dose dependent effect in rooting response with supplement of increasing amounts of MEHT (C: Control; 1: 0.25 mg/l MEHT; 2: 0.5 mg/l MEHT; 3: 0.75 mg/l MEHT; 4: 1.00 mg/ l MEHT; 5: 1.25 mg/l MEHT. Each experiment was done in triplicate and the number of cultured explants per replicate was 25)
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Ravenelia esculenta Naras. and Thirum. is a rust, pathogenic to Acacia eburnea Willd. The infection leads to hypertrophy changing the morphology with bizarre shapes of plant organs. Healthy and infected
tissues were subjected to extraction of IAA and indole derivatives and were estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The hypertrophy
produced was p...
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Citations
... Some wild species of Acacia are also infected by gall forming rusts. Examples are Atelocauda digitate causing gall rust disease (Nelson, 2009), and Ravenelia esculenta in which thorns and the young apical meristems are transformed into hypertrophied tissues that arise from pathogen interference with host auxin activity (Kuvalekar et al., 2008). Some rust fungi can cause galls on their colonized host, i.e., Uromyces hobsonii that induces galls on all aerial parts of the aromatic oil plant Jasminum officinale var grandiflorum (Kuvalekar et al., 2011). ...
Many filamentous fungal pathogens induce drastic modulation of host cells causing abnormal infectious structures such as galls, or tumors that arise as a result of re-programming in the original developmental cell fate of a colonized host cell. Developmental consequences occur predominantly with biotrophic phytopathogens. This suggests that these host structures result as an outcome of efficient defense suppression and intimate fungal–host interaction to suit the pathogen’s needs for completion of its infection cycle. This mini-review mainly summarizes host cell re-programming that occurs in the Ustilago maydis – maize interaction, in which the pathogen deploys cell-type specific effector proteins with varying activities. The fungus senses the physiological status and identity of colonized host cells and re-directs the endogenous developmental program of its host. The disturbance of host cell physiology and cell fate leads to novel cell shapes, increased cell size, and/or the number of host cells. We particularly highlight the strategies of U. maydis to induce physiologically varied host organs to form the characteristic tumors in both vegetative and floral parts of maize.
... Fresh samplesafter thorough washing in double distilled water were blotted, weighed (250 mg) and extracted in 80% cold methanol (10 ml), centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4˚C and the supernatant was used for the assay of plant hormones. For IAA estimation, the methanol in the supernatant was removed by rotary flash evaporation system at 35˚C and further extraction was done as per Aniket et al. [7] with minor modifications and estimated as per Glickmann and Dessaux [8] using Salkowski's reagent. For Quantification of zeatin riboside, the methanol in the supernatant was removed by rotary flash evaporation system at 35˚C, the residue was redissolved in 2 ml methanol and 50 -100 µl of aliquot was used for estimation through indirect ELISA utilizing the antibody kit supplied by M/s Sigma Chemicals Ltd. ...
Alternate bearing habit, a common phenomenon prevalent in some of the fruit trees is observed in black pepper variety Panniyur-1 also. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the role of carbohydrates, mineral nutrients and plant hormones (IAA and zeatin riboside) in alternate bearing in Panniyur-1 variety. The experiment was conducted for three consecutive years at Murugarajendra estate, Madikeri, Karnataka, India (12.42˚N42˚N, 75.73˚E73˚E). Carbohydrate, mineral nutrient and plant hormone (IAA and zeatin riboside) statuses of the leaves as well as fruiting branches (stem) were compared between good fruiting year (on year) and low fruiting year (off year). Results revealed that concentration of mineral nutrients in leaves was more during on year compared to off year while the reverse was true on the stem. Both stem and leaf metabolite levels at harvest were higher in off year compared to on year suggesting that remobilization of nutrients to the developing berries must have been affected during off year, thus leading to accumulation of more nutrients at harvest in off year compared to on year. Leaf had higher concentration of most of mineral nutrients compared to stem. Spraying of 1% solution of complex fertilizer 19:19:19 (percent N:P:K) three times at an interval of 3 weeks from flower primordial initiation to flowering period enhanced the yield to the extent of around 30% during off year. Auxin to cytokinin ratio was 6.6 and 6.1 in on year and 6.3 and 5.7 in off year at flowering and 3 months after flowering respectively , suggesting that this ratio itself may not play a major role in flowering during on and off years, though the ratio was slightly more during on year. Results of the study indicate that efficient utilization of metabolites and nutrients in on year may render vine weak in the subsequent year coupled with poor remobilization into developing berries, which could make it an off year.
