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The aim of this paper is to determine the detailed structure of the headwater valley segment in the Western Tatra Mountains. Seven sub-catchments were chosen in Chochołowski Stream catchment for a detailed geomorphological analysis of the headwater valley segments. Selected sub-catchments represent both the crystalline and the sedimentary environme...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the northern part of the study area the sub-catchments have more varied sizes that range from 0.10 to 1.14 km 2 . The valleys are deeply incised with rocky slopes and floors (Fig. 5). Steep slopes are transformed by landslides and creep (Fig. 6). In this part of the catchment the slopes are more dissected than in the southern part and creep hollows are common. The outlets of small piping chan- nels can be observed at springs in the channel heads. Valley floors in the lower sections of the larger valley systems ...
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Citations
... Avalanches are a characteristic feature of the study area during periods of snow cover. Snow avalanches occur in the Western Tatras once every 2 years (Krzemień et al., 1995) and mostly tear grass off the hillslope and move large wood material towards stream channels which then limits the bedload transport capacity of the stream channel (Płaczkowska, 2016b). The runoff regime of Chochołowski stream is classified as nival-pluvial. ...
... Additionally, the channel roughness was measured using a 2 m chain in the channel sections where the bedload transport was measured in the years 2009-2014 (Płaczkowska, 2016b). The relationship between channel roughness ratio and average bedload transport distance over the entire study period was calculated. ...
Bedload transport measurements in the formerly glaciated Chochołowski catchment located in the Western Tatras in Poland were performed in the period 1975 to 2018. Measurement of bedload displacement allowed to determine the role of bedload transport disturbances in both system connectivity and sediment transfer. Bedload transport occurred as many as triggered up to several times a year. The longest distances were observed during rain-on-snow events: between 12 m in headwaters and over 100 m in the fluvial valley. Bedload became activated along the entire length of the channel system (10.5 km) every 2 to 5 years when the stream discharge exceeded 10 m 3 s −1 (with an average of 1.25 m 3 s −1). In such situations, bedload dynamics increased downstream , and stream power was sufficient to overcome local barriers (i.e. boulder and log steps). Downstream increases in bedload dynamics may become disturbed and inverted by sudden snowmelt and locally heavy rainfall. These types of events caused the dynamics of bedload transport to be 190% to 320% greater in the upper part of the studied catchment and to decline in the downstream direction over a distance of 7 km to yield an attenuation effect. The same pattern was observed in local tributaries where the dynamics of bedload transport were 200% higher in the upper part and attenuation was observed along a distance of 1.5 km in the downstream direction. All events of this type cause seasonal disturbances in bedload transport. However, the greatest effect on bedload dynamics was produced by natural deforestation. A 16% decrease in forest cover causes a fluvial system disequi-librium manifested in an intensification of hydro-geomorphologic processes and formation of new landforms.
