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The ancient Calomini hermitage, located in the Garfagnana area, is located on a steep slope facing south, surmounted by an 80 to 130 m high hanging rock wall. The hermitage, a significant example of religious architecture, has been a pilgrimage place since the Middle Ages. The stability and safety of the complex are threatened by rock falls. In the...
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Citations
... Italy is the leading country in all approach-based categories with 112 case studies ( Figure 5), being the main contributor to the high number of case studies in the Europe and North America regional group. Italy is also the country with the highest diversity of study sites, with several case studies aimed at assessing landslide threats both in UNESCO WHS sites and in Italian heritage sites that are not inscribed in the WHL [79][80][81][82][83][84]. This result suggests a higher awareness among the Italian scientific community of the potential threats to sites of cultural significance on a national level. ...
... In Japan, the concern with the interaction between landslides and cultural Italy is the leading country in all approach-based categories with 112 case studies ( Figure 5), being the main contributor to the high number of case studies in the Europe and North America regional group. Italy is also the country with the highest diversity of study sites, with several case studies aimed at assessing landslide threats both in UNESCO WHS sites and in Italian heritage sites that are not inscribed in the WHL [79][80][81][82][83][84]. This result suggests a higher awareness among the Italian scientific community of the potential threats to sites of cultural significance on a national level. ...
Cultural heritage sites can be affected by landslides, often causing damage to their integrity, value, and accessibility. Several studies worldwide were focused on the assessment of the potential threats that landslides can pose to the preservation of cultural heritage sites. This article aims to review landslide studies at cultural heritage sites worldwide, analyzing the publications’ temporal distribution, selected methods, geographical and climate contexts, and investigated landslide types. We analyzed a database of 331 publications from 2000 to 2023 in study areas distributed across 47 countries, compiled through systematic queries of the Web of Science and Scopus catalogs. The results show an increase in the number of publications from 2012 onwards, with most studies performing landslide susceptibility analyses on cultural heritage sites. The majority of the studies deployed a geomorphological approach address slope instability mechanisms that threaten site integrity, with a significant number of publications presenting model-based, multidisciplinary and engineering geological approaches. Europe, North America, and Asia and the Pacific concentrate the majority of studies, with Italy and China having the highest number of case studies. The threats to cultural heritage sites located in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Africa are the least studied. Block slides, earth slides, and rock falls are the most studied processes, with fewer studies dealing with other landslide types.
... Even landslides may represent a hazardous phenomenon, since they can damage access roads and tourist paths to cultural heritage sites as recently observed, for instance, in the Machu Picchu archeological site [2] or the Cinque Terre area [3]. In other cases, landslides can directly threaten the integrity of sites located in mountainous regions and relatively high relief areas [4][5][6][7]. For this reason, many efforts are being made for developing interdisciplinary approaches devoted to the assessment of landslide hazard in such areas [8][9][10], also through new technologies such as remote sensing techniques [11][12][13][14], with the aim of improving specific management plans [15][16][17]. ...
Archaeological areas in the mountain region of central Italy can be seriously threatened by geological hazards, and efforts are required to preserve cultural heritage. The Lucus Angitiae is a pre-Roman site located along the western edge of the Fucino Basin, the largest continental depression of central Apennines. The carbonate slope overhanging the area is affected by active rockfall processes from two main rock escarpments. In this paper, rockfall assessment was pursued through a 3D kinematic modelling, performed by adopting a probabilistic approach. Specific attention was dedicated to the choice and calibration of the input data, based on field evidence and a literature review. Two different sizes of wedge-shaped rock blocks were identified on rock escarpments, and specific stability analyses were performed. Sensitivity analyses accounting for possible triggering factors, such as water pressure increase and seismic action, were also carried out, together with an investigation of the seismological characteristics of the area. The results of the numerical simulations were used to design effective countermeasures in the framework of a mitigation plan for protection of the archaeological site. Finally, clues of gravity-driven slope deformations at the slope scale were documented, framing the rockfall process in a wider geological scenario.
