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A roadmap for advanced ceramics for the period from 2010 to 2025 has been developed to provide guidelines for future investments for policy makers, scientists and industry alike. Based on questionnaires, interviews and a final workshop with well-balanced participation of members from industry and academia three roadmaps on application fields and tw...
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... the following, salient trends and perspectives will be listed starting with goals for applications, followed by goals for basic science. Finally, Fig. 3 provides the complete roadmap for electronics, information and ...
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... a short-term development and a long-term, extrapo- lation were attempted. In the first instance, predictions were provided for the time after 2010, while a long-term vision based on a consideration of megatrends was derived for the time span up to 2025. After the symposium, a team of experts finished and revised the roadmaps in groups addressing different topics. The roadmaps can be used for different purposes by various stakeholders. Companies can use the roadmaps to develop their own strategies for meeting future trends and lead markets. 20 Research organizations can identify technology avenues they want to follow or they can pursue opposite or complementary directions. 21 Of course, research funding organizations can use the roadmap to identify future needs and valuable trends. 22 In order to update the roadmaps continuously patent and trend monitoring systems can deliver further market and R&D characteristics. Results are presented in the form of roadmaps for three specific areas of application and two specific scientific areas. They span the time frame from 2010 to 2025 with the key topics placed along the time axis centred at the year where the first prototypes become available. The length of the attendant arrow suggests a time span for the crucial developments. The electronics industry not only is one of the largest industries but also impacts many other industries, which rely on electronic components for further innovation and growth. Among these are mechanical engineering, the automobile industry, and the energy and environmental industries. In 2008 in Germany a growth rate of at least 5% is expected, bringing the total turnover to 200 billion D . Electronic components for automobiles came in at 6 billion D in 2006, providing a boost of almost 7% in total turnover. The world market for automobile electronics is predicted to be at about 200 billion D in 2015. Advanced ceramics are prominently featured in passive electronic components and are providing key components for subsystems like printers, fine positioning, medical and optical devices, injection systems, actuators and sensors. In the microelectronics and high-power electronics industry they are utilized as components prepared by laminate and substrate technology. In the following, salient trends and perspectives will be listed starting with goals for applications, followed by goals for basic science. Finally, Fig. 3 provides the complete roadmap for electronics, information and ...
Citations
... Advanced ceramics show an increasing growing global demand based on their wideranging applications, which are related to their multifunctional characteristics, long-lasting lifetime span, and tailorable properties [1][2][3]. The global advanced ceramics market has reached USD 96.6 billion in 2022 and is forecasted to grow significantly during the period of 2023-2028, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate of 8.55% [4]. ...
... Nowadays, among the major classes of materials, advanced ceramics represent an enabling technology with the potential to deliver high-value contributions for meeting future aerospace propulsion needs and challenges [2,3,7]. Although advanced ceramics have been continuously explored in various interesting forms, a more in-depth ceramic-relevant rethinking of the existing structures is necessary, where the entire component-structural and functional performance-is taken into consideration to fulfill increasingly complex propulsion applications [1][2][3]7,15]. ...
... Nowadays, among the major classes of materials, advanced ceramics represent an enabling technology with the potential to deliver high-value contributions for meeting future aerospace propulsion needs and challenges [2,3,7]. Although advanced ceramics have been continuously explored in various interesting forms, a more in-depth ceramic-relevant rethinking of the existing structures is necessary, where the entire component-structural and functional performance-is taken into consideration to fulfill increasingly complex propulsion applications [1][2][3]7,15]. As a result, comprehensive ceramic development based on the trend concepts of multifunctionality and smart materials, followed by characterization and testing are required to push forward both the ceramic engineering field and market [1,2]. To that aim, this study focused on an experimental investigation of the microstructure-property (physical, mechanical, thermal, and dielectric) relationship of MgO-Al 2 O 3 (MA), MgO-CaZrO 3 (MCZ), and Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ) ceramic compositions for aerospace propulsion applications. ...
Aerospace propulsion systems are among the driving forces for the development of advanced ceramics with increased performance efficiency in severe operation conditions. The conducted research focused on the mechanical (Young’s and shear moduli, flexural strength, hardness, and fracture toughness), thermal (thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion), and electric (dielectric properties) characterization of MgO-Al2O3, MgO-CaZrO3, and stable YSZ ceramic composites. The experimental results, considering structural and functional traits, underscore the importance of a holistic understanding of the multifunctionality of advanced ceramics to fulfill propulsion system requirements, the limits of which have not yet been fully explored.
... /10.5772/intechopen.1002921 these methods result in low deposition speed coupled with high process costs [9][10][11][12]. Therefore, thermal spraying could be an alternative to these methods since it not only allows the manufacture of ceramic coatings with higher deposition speed and low process costs, but also makes it possible to obtain thicker coatings [10]. ...
Advanced ceramic coatings have been largely used in several industrial fields such as aerospace, automotive, power generation, medical or petrochemical, in order to protect or functionalise the surface of different materials. In modern industries, thermal spray processes are the most used ones to manufacture advanced ceramic coatings due to their cost advantages, flexibility and efficiency in processing ceramic materials, especially those with high melting temperature. This chapter provides a brief overview of the progress and current state of different thermal sprayed ceramics and summarises the future trend in this field. Therefore, various advanced ceramics, such as yttria-stabilised zirconia, alumina, hydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses, have been selected for analysis and discussion.
... Ceramics are promising materials for application in various industries, owing to their unique physical and chemical properties [1]. They are used as functional materials for electronic devices and biomedical implants [2][3][4][5]. The production of ceramics has evolved significantly over the years. ...
The synthesis of the nanopowders of magnesium oxide and magnesium fluoride during the operation of a repetitive diffuse nanosecond discharge in argon at various pressures was performed. Nanosecond voltage pulses with an amplitude of −70 kV, a rise time of 0.7 ns, and a duration of 0.7 ns were applied across a point-to-plane gap of 2 mm in length. The pulse repetition rate was 60 Hz. The high-voltage pointed electrode was made of magnesium. A diffuse discharge cold plasma was formed under these conditions. Nanoparticles were produced as a result of an explosion of microprotrusions on the surface of the magnesium electrode duo to a high current density. Lines of magnesium atoms and ions were observed in the emission optical spectrum. Under the actions of the gas dynamics processes caused by the plasma channel expansion during the interpulse period, nanoparticles were deposited onto the surface of the grounded plane electrode and the side wall of the gas discharge chamber. The morphology, elemental, and phase composition of the powders were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
... In the aeronautical and aerospace industries, ceramics are predominantly applied in thermal protection systems (TPS) and thermal barrier coatings (TBC). More specifically, advanced ceramics' ability to confer thermal insulation, lightness, high specific surface area, and thermal shock resistance make them suitable for shielding, instrumentation, and control purposes [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In this context, the present study addresses a novel approach for advanced ceramic composites as dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) mechanisms, considering their aforementioned favorable features [1][2][3][4][5]7]. ...
... More specifically, advanced ceramics' ability to confer thermal insulation, lightness, high specific surface area, and thermal shock resistance make them suitable for shielding, instrumentation, and control purposes [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In this context, the present study addresses a novel approach for advanced ceramic composites as dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) mechanisms, considering their aforementioned favorable features [1][2][3][4][5]7]. ...
... Recently, dielectric energy storage materials have been intensively studied for promising applications in advanced pulsed-power and smart grid technologies due to their higher power density, long-cycle life, and excellent chemical stability compared with other energy storage materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Large dielectric permittivity, high breakdown strength (BDS), and efficiency, which are difficult to be achieved simultaneously, are essential to realize high recoverable energy storage density for dielectric material. A considerable amount of dielectric compositions, including linear dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and antiferroelectrics, have been developed as promising candidates for high energy density applications. ...
Fully densified (transparent) ceramic with small grain size is highly desired to improve the field breakdown strength (BDS) and its scattering. Sintering behavior, microstructural evolution, electric, dielectric, and energy storage properties of (Ba0.6Sr0.4)1‐1.5xBixTi1‐x(Mg1/3Nb2/3)xO3 (x = .04–.10) ceramics have been studied in this paper. Phase pure cubic perovskite is observed for the x = .04 composition. Nb‐rich tungsten bronze type and Ti‐rich barium titanate secondary phases are present in the x > .05 compositions. A multiphasic transparent ferroelectric ceramic with ∼74.2% (780 nm) transmittance and a high refractive index of ∼2.3 within the visible region could be successfully obtained for the x = .10 composition by traditional ceramic process. The x = .09 composition demonstrates good energy storage performance (recoverable energy density Wrec = 3.74J/cm³, efficiency η = 77% and BDS = 390kV/cm) with extremely low scattering in BDS, suggesting potential application in large sized energy storage capacitor.
... Furthermore, from the table above, a very important priority is the increase in CMC material lifetime. For a few decades, research has focused on progressively increasing the temperature capability, life, and design limit of the available CMCs, but so far, the solution has relied on prioritizing the research focus on fibers, fiber coatings, matrix chemistry, and environmental barrier coatings without focusing on prioritizing on manufacturing facilities for simulation environments and accelerated testing, which might allow the end-users for increased field and experimental testing, which could achieve a more successful result [237][238][239]. CMCs development aims to replace monolithic ceramics by achieving better mechanical and thermal properties. ...
Ceramic matrix materials have attracted great attention from researchers and industry due to their material properties. When used in engineering systems, and especially in aero-engine applications, they can result in reduced weight, higher temperature capability, and/or reduced cooling needs, each of which increases efficiency. This is where high-temperature ceramics have made considerable progress, and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are in the foreground. CMCs are classified into non-oxide and oxide-based ones. Both families have material types that have a high potential for use in high-temperature propulsion applications. The oxide materials discussed will focus on alumina and aluminosilicate/mullite base material families, whereas for non-oxides, carbon, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and tungsten carbide CMC material families will be discussed and analyzed. Typical oxide-based ones are composed of an oxide fiber and oxide matrix (Ox-Ox). Some of the most common oxide subcategories are alumina, beryllia, ceria, and zirconia ceramics. On the other hand, the largest number of non-oxides are technical ceramics that are classified as inorganic, non-metallic materials. The most well-known non-oxide subcategories are carbides, borides, nitrides, and silicides. These matrix composites are used, for example, in combustion liners of gas turbine engines and exhaust nozzles. Until now, a thorough study on the available oxide and non-oxide-based CMCs for such applications has not been presented. This paper will focus on assessing a literature survey of the available oxide and non-oxide ceramic matrix composite materials in terms of mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the classification and fabrication methods of those CMCs. The available manufacturing and fabrication processes are reviewed and compared. Finally, the paper presents a research and development roadmap for increasing the maturity of these materials allowing for the wider adoption of aero-engine applications.
... Advanced ceramics are inorganic, nonmetallic solids, basically crystalline materials of rigorously controlled composition and raw materials that are prepared from powdered materials and fabricated into products through the application of heat, which display properties such as hardness, strength, low electrical conductivity, and brittleness [1][2][3]. In this way, the term advanced ceramics refers to high-performance, high-tech, engineered, fine, or technical ceramics, i.e., materials with highly specialized and unique properties capable of outstanding performance under the most extreme conditions and, consequently, able to solve today's challenges in research, manufacturing, and use. ...
The quest for increased performance in the aeronautical and aerospace industries has provided the driving force and motivation for the research, investigation, and development of advanced ceramics. Special emphasis is therefore attributed to the ability of fine ceramics to fulfill an attractive, extreme, and distinguishing combination of application requirements. This is impelled by ensuring a suitable arrangement of thermomechanical, thermoelectric, and electromechanical properties. As a result, the reliability, durability, and useful lifetime extension of a critical structure or system are expected. In this context, engineered ceramic appliances consist of three main purposes in aeronautical and aerospace fields: thermal protection systems (TPS), thermal protection barriers (TBC), and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators. Consequently, this research provides an extensive discussion and review of the referred applications, i.e., TPS, TBC, and DBD, and discusses the concept of multifunctional advanced ceramics for future engineering needs and perspectives.
... Advanced oxide ceramics are usually classified as structural and functional ceramics. Although the former are characterised by their excellent mechanical properties (such as compressive and flexural strength, hardness, and wear resistance), the latter typically show weaker mechanical performance but specific, desirable functions owing of their tailor-made structure, composition, and properties [1]. ...
Dense hydroxyapatite (HA) bars were fabricated using digital light processing. The roles of HA median particle size (MPS), curing depth-to-layer thickness ratio (CD/LT), and debinding process on the printing/debinding flaws and flexural strength of the sintered parts were investigated.
Commercial HA was milled for different times to provide powders with an MPS ranging from 0.3 to 2.7 μm. Thermal debinding led to delamination and vertical cracks, which decreased with increasing MPS; the minimum value required to fabricate specimens with appreciable flexural strength was 0.9 μm. At a given MPS (2.7 μm), the CD/LT varied between 1.4 and 3.3, indicating a progressive disappearance of the above major flaws. Finally, the positive effect of water debinding prior to thermal debinding on reducing crack formation was demonstrated. After optimisation, the bars achieved a strength of >100 MPa, which is the highest value among dense HA fabricated using lithography-based techniques.
... Typical examples include wear parts and bearings, electrical insulation, cutting tools, and refractory materials. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for multi-functional materials and components, which usually require lamination and the co-sintering of different components [2]. For instance, in order to combine local electrical conductivity with insulating properties, the combination of metallic components with ceramics is necessary. ...
... Since the relevant parameters (m, n e , α 1 , and α 2 ) were set constant in Equation (5) and ∆T is its only variable, which increases linearly according to cooling time, the analytic solution for the normalized curvature also increases linearly. Figure 8 According to Equation (4), the force at the interface is proportional to the bending moment, which is proportional to the curvature, as indicated in Equation (2). Therefore, changes linearly according to the curvature. ...
... A further comparison was done by taking the temperature-dependent CTEs of 17-4PH and 3Y-TZP during cooling into account. The normalized curvatures and stresses According to Equation (4), the force at the interface is proportional to the bending moment, which is proportional to the curvature, as indicated in Equation (2). Therefore, changes linearly according to the curvature. ...
The potential combinations of favorable properties give metal–ceramic laminates (MCLs) a high degree of application flexibility. However, the different thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) and shrinkage rates of the metals and ceramics during the co-sintering process often lead to large internal stresses that cause undesired deformation or even production failures. In practice, the identification of manufacturable MCLs relies on the “trial and error” principle, which usually requires a long development period. Therefore, there is a great demand for analytic and numerical methods that allow the prediction of the deformation and manufacturability of MCLs during the co-sintering process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the curvature and stress distribution in the MCLs (steel 17-4PH/ ceramic 3Y-TZP) based on the analytic solution and finite element (FE) simulation. To achieve this, the Young’s moduli (E) and shear moduli (G) at high temperatures and the CTEs of both materials were measured. In addition, the curvatures and stress distributions of the two-layer and three-layer laminates were obtained based on the analytic method and FE simulation, which were in very good agreement. Furthermore, the influence of the CTE, Young’s modulus, height ratio, and interface on the curvature were studied. The results showed that the CTE and height ratio have a higher influence on the curvature in comparison to the Young’s modulus. The interface prevents the curvature significantly by assuming it to be a cohesive surface in the FE simulation. This provides hints to avoid delamination during the manufacturing process.
... These techniques operate with more control on shape and pore geometry than conventional methods due to using a 3D model created and controlled by a computerized system. Also, these models may be adapted to the patient's tissue defects obtained by Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data and as a result, these promising techniques can create a revolution in manufacturing personalized scaffolds and orthopedic implants [18][19][20]. ...
