Figure 6 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... arrangement presents a 45 degree spiral pattern on the wall of the microtubule as in Figure 5. Others have suggested a similar arrangement but with spiraling at a lesser angle. In the extreme case, with no spiral angle there are simply alternate rings of α and β-tubulin, as in Figure 6. ...
Similar publications
Centrosome formation during early development in mice and rats occurs due to the appearance of centrioles de novo. In contrast, in humans and other non-rodent mammals, centrioles are thought to be derived from spermatozoa. Ultrastructural study of zygotes and early embryos of cattle at full series of ultrathin sections show that the proximal centri...
We studied spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Adaliadecempunctata (L), a beetle of the Coccinellidae family. The spermatocyte exhibits two centrioles which elongate to form a pair of primary cilia. A novel structure, appearing in cross sections as a dense droplet, is observed near the long centriole during spermiogenesis, and is soon accompanied...
Primary cilia are key regulators of embryo development and tissue homeostasis. However, their mechanisms and functions, particularly in the context of human cells, are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the consequences of primary cilia modulation for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) proliferation and differentiation. We report that neither activ...
The centrosome, which consists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is a unique structure that has retained its main features in organisms of various taxonomic groups from unicellular algae to mammals over one billion years of evolution. In addition to the most noticeable function of organizing the microtubule system in mitosis...
Mitotic centrosomes form when centrioles recruit large amounts of pericentriolar material (PCM) around themselves. The PCM comprises hundreds of proteins, yet it can assemble and disassemble within minutes, leading to much debate about its physical nature. Here we show that Drosophila Spd-2 fluxes out from centrioles, recruiting Polo and Aurora A t...
Citations
... CNTs are thin and long cylinders made of carbon, which were found for the first time in 1991 by Sumio Iijima [62]. Although many physical properties of CNTs are still obscure and need to be disputed, it is known that CNTs possess a plethora of thermal, electronic, mechanical, and structural properties that can vary based on the different kinds of NT. ...
Nanotubes (NTs) are mainly known as materials made from various substances, such as carbon, boron, or silicon, which share a nanosized tube-like structure. Among them, carbon-based NTs (CNTs) are the most researched group. CNTs, due to their nonpareil electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, can provide tremendous achievements in several fields of nanotechnology. Unfortunately, the high costs of production and the lack of unequivocally reliable toxicity data still prohibit their extensive application. In the last decade, a significant number of intriguing nanotubes-like structures were identified in bacteria (BNTs). The majority of experts define BNTs as membranous intercellular bridges that connect neighboring bacterial cell lying in proximity. Despite recent contrasting findings, most evidence suggested that bacteria exploit NTs to realize both antagonistic and cooperative intercellular exchanges of cytoplasmic molecules and nutrients. Among other consequences, it has been proposed that such molecular trade, including even plasmids, can facilitate the emergence of new non-heritable phenotypes and characteristics in multicellular bacterial communities, including resistance to antibiotics, with effects of paramount importance on global health. Here, we provide an enthralling comparison between CNTs, which are synthetically producible and ubiquitously exploitable for improving the quality of human life, and BNTs biosynthetically produced by prokaryotes, whose functions are not still fully clarified, but whose greater knowledge could be crucial to better understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis and combat the phenomenon of resistance.
... Reference [5] provides a summary description of microtubules. Figure 3 presents a model of a microtubule. ...
... But on occasion the problem can lead to uncontrolled duplication, tumorigenesis, and even cancer [3]. The duplication problem occurs with geometric distortion or over-duplication of centrioles -small perpendicular hollow cylinders lying adjacent to the cell nucleus [4]. The Figure 1 shows how this over-duplication occurs, a cancer cell is created and then how the resulting cancerous tumor can be treated by nanoparticles. Figure 1: Nanoparticle Treatment of Cancer. ...
... But on occasion the problem can lead to uncontrolled duplication, tumorigenesis, and even cancer [3]. The duplication problem occurs with geometric distortion or over-duplication of centrioles -small perpendicular hollow cylinders lying adjacent to the cell nucleus [4]. The Figure 1 shows how this over-duplication occurs, a cancer cell is created and then how the resulting cancerous tumor can be treated by nanoparticles. ...
... SAS-6 projects nine outward spokes whose ends attract three spots of Gamma (ϒ) tubulin. The ϒ-Tubulin Ring Complex (ϒTu-RC) and the ϒ-Tubulin Small Complex (ϒTu-SC) [7,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. ...
... This is the third in a series of review papers on centriolar cellular mechanics with the focus here being on electromagnetic effects. The first two papers reviewed: 1) the literature on centrioles in general and then 2) the centriolar microtubules-the principal structural components of the centrioles [1] [2]. ...
This is a review of recent literature concerning electromagnetic effects on cellular
mechanics. “Recent” refers primarily to papers published in this (the 21st) century.
The review shows that there are relatively few papers on cellular electromagnetics as
compared with those on proteins, biochemistry, and cellular anatomy. The principal
finding of the reviewed papers is that cellular electromagnetic fields appear to arise
from longitudinal vibrations of the filaments making up the walls of the microtubules.
Microtubules are long hollow cylinders which form the overall structure of the
centrioles. The microtubules, and therefore the centrioles themselves, are arranged in
nine sets of parallel blades with each blade having three microtubules. The centrioles
occur in pairs perpendicularly to each other. During mitosis (cell division) the centriole
pair becomes two pair which then separate and divide the cell into two. It
seems that electromagnetic forces play a central role in this division. Electromagnetic
activity in wound healing and in the imaging and treatment of tumors is discussed.
