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Rineloricaria daraha . Paratypes, male ( a and c = INPA 6586; 186.8 mm SL), female ( b and d = INPA 6586; 131.2 mm SL).
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Rineloricaria daraha, new species, is described from the rio Daraá, tributary of rio Negro, northwestern Amazonas State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by having seven branched pectoral-fin rays, finger-like papillae on the lower lip, a large multi-angular preanal plate, and at least four quadrangular plates of variable size surrounding the p...
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... species of Rineloricaria have been described from the Amazon basin. Most of these represent a taxonomic chal- lenge due to poor original descriptions and unavailable type material. Rineloricaria phoxocephala (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889), described from Coary, and R. castroi Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984, are commonly found in big rivers and float- ing meadows (pers. obs. – LRP). Both species are slender and with few abdominal series of plates. Rineloricaria phoxocephala has a more acute, long snout and dark dots on cephalic and lateral line pores that resemble R. daraha . However, the dots on R. phoxocephala are really reduced and less dense than in R. daraha . Besides, R. phoxocephala has well-organized abdominal plates, rather than the scattered small plates on R. daraha . Rineloricaria castroi has conspicuous markings on the fins, with large alternating bands of dark and light brown (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984: fig. 1). Rineloricaria lanceolata (Günther, 1868) and R. heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976, are often seen in small sandy- bottom streams (pers. obs. – LRP) and can be identified by color pattern. Rineloricaria lanceolata shows conspicuous coloration consisting of black bands covering dorsal, anal, pectoral and pelvic fins (Isbrücker, 1973: fig. 2). Rineloricaria heteroptera resembles R. daraha on the shape of the head and presence of densely marked dark blotches along the head and body, even reaching the ventral region in some specimens (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976; figs. 1, 2). However, R. heteroptera has a longitudinal band along the second and third dorsal-fin rays and large quadrangular abdominal plates organized in series, whereas R. daraha does not have any longitudinal dark bands on fins and the abdomen is covered by very reduced plates without any organization. Rineloricaria beni (Pearson, 1924), R. hasemani Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979, R. konopickyi (Steindachner, 1879), R. mellini (Schindler, 1959), R. microlepidota (Steindachner, 1907), R. morrowi Fowler, 1940, R. teffeana (Steindachner, 1879) and R. wolfei Fowler, 1940 were reported from the mainstem of the Amazon (Reis et al ., 2003) and are very poorly represented or misidentified in fish collections. Rineloricaria eigenmanni (Pellegrin, 1908), R. fallax (Steindachner, 1915), R. formosa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979, R. platyura (Müller & Troschel, 1848) and R. stewarti (Eigenmann, 1909) have been reported from the periphery of the Amazon, mainly Guyana Shield and rio Negro basin and represent a group of slender species with three to five organized series of abdominal ...
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... formosa , R. fallax , and R. platyura have a color pattern that resembles R. morrowi and R. melini : the presence of a conspicuous dark round spot on the supraocciptal or predorsal area (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979: fig. 2, R. formosa ). Rineloricaria fallax is easily distinguished from R. daraha by the presence of a large dark spot bordered by two well defined lanceolate dark lines on the predorsal plate (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979). More than 30 species of Rineloricaria were recorded from the Paraná, Uruguay and coastal drainages of northeastern, southeastern and south Brazil. All of those species have the abdominal area completely or partly plated (Rodriguez & Reis, 2008; Ghazzi, 2008). When completely covered, the abdominal plates are organized in series and the preanal plate is surrounded by three large quadrangular plates. Otherwise, the abdomen is almost completely naked, showing only large quadrangular plates between the pelvis and urogenital opening (preanal plate and border plates). Despite the diversity of plating exhibited by these sepcies, none has the pattern described for R. daraha . Rineloricaria daraha also share some characters with other loricariine genera. R. daraha , for instance, is unique in showing digitiform papillae on the lower lip surface. The elongated papillae on the lower lip and the lack of organization of the abdominal plates in R. daraha resemble the conditions in species of Loricaria . Loricaria , however, differs from all Rineloricaria by the presence of few and hypertrophied mandibulary teeth ( R. daraha 7-8 vs . Loricaria spp. 3-5), long filaments covering almost the whole surface of both lips ( vs . digitiform papillae on the lower lip, more concentrated near the mouth in R. daraha ) and lack of a preanal plate ( vs . a conspicuous preanal plate in R. daraha ). In addition, even young specimens of Loricaria show long filaments on the lips, whereas young specimens of R. dahara have button- like papillae. Among the Loricariinae, only representatives of the genus Lamontichthys and R daraha have seven branched pectoral-fin rays. All remaining Loricariinae have only six branched rays on the pectoral fin (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978). Although the number of pectoral-fin rays and the lip struc- ture found in the new species are unique within Rineloricaria , sexual dimorphic features of the mature males are similar to those found in several species of Rineloricaria ( R. castroi , R. phoxocephala , R. heteroptera , and others), and unlike those found in species of Loricaria . An interesting aspect of Rineloricaria daraha concerns its distribution. Specimens of the new species were first col- lected by M. Goulding in 1980, then in 1991 by L. Aquino, R. Sotero and R. P. Ribeiro, and again, in 2008, by M. Rocha and Vitor Masson, all from the same locality. Several researchers have been collecting around this region in the Amazon, but no other sample has ever been obtained, suggesting that this species might be restricted to the type locality, rio Daraá. Despite the existing records, it seems unlikely that R. daraha is confined only to rio Daraá and its waterfalls. Some Rineloricaria species show a wide geographic area of occur- rence ( e.g .: R. heteroptera , R. lanceolata , R. castroi , R. phoxocephala – pers. obs.) but we are not aware of any Amazonian species of Rineloricaria with such a restricted distribution. On the other hand, disjunct geographic range has been registered on some representatives of Rineloricaria from rio Paraná, Uruguay and southern Brazilian coastal drainages (Rodriguez & Reis, 2008; Ghazzi, 2008). We want to thank José L. O. Birindelli and Hélio R. da Silva, for their careful comments and suggestions on the ...
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... dimorphism. Mature males present the following fea- tures: large patch of thick enlarged odontodes on sides of the head; pectoral-fin spine thick and strongly curved; pectoral spine and rays heavily covered by enlarged series of odontodes; shorter snout and fins when compared to young and females (Figs. 2 and 3). Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and anal fins slightly longer on adult females than on mature males. ...
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... fig. 1). Rineloricaria lanceolata (Günther, 1868) and R. heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976, are often seen in small sandy- bottom streams (pers. obs. -LRP) and can be identified by color pattern. Rineloricaria lanceolata shows conspicuous coloration consisting of black bands covering dorsal, anal, pectoral and pelvic fins (Isbrücker, 1973: fig. 2). Rineloricaria heteroptera resembles R. daraha on the shape of the head and presence of densely marked dark blotches along the head and body, even reaching the ventral region in some speci- mens (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976; figs. 1, 2). However, R. heteroptera has a longitudinal band along the second and third dorsal-fin rays and large ...
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... conspicuous coloration consisting of black bands covering dorsal, anal, pectoral and pelvic fins (Isbrücker, 1973: fig. 2). Rineloricaria heteroptera resembles R. daraha on the shape of the head and presence of densely marked dark blotches along the head and body, even reaching the ventral region in some speci- mens (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976; figs. 1, 2). However, R. heteroptera has a longitudinal band along the second and third dorsal-fin rays and large quadrangular abdominal plates organized in series, whereas R. daraha does not have any longitudinal dark bands on fins and the abdomen is covered by very reduced plates without any organization. Rineloricaria beni (Pearson, 1924), R. ...
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... formosa, R. fallax, and R. platyura have a color pattern that resembles R. morrowi and R. melini: the presence of a conspicuous dark round spot on the supraocciptal or predorsal area fig. 2, R. formosa). Rineloricaria fallax is easily distinguished from R. daraha by the presence of a large dark spot bordered by two well defined lanceolate dark lines on the predorsal plate ...
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Citations
... and (c) comment on the correlation between brain morphology and the sensory and behavioural ecology of the species. Brazil (Ferraris, 2003;Froese & Pauly 2017), and inhabiting mainly small sandy bottom forest streams (Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008). As for most members of the genus, R. heteroptera shows a remarkable external sexual dimorphism and benthic and diurnal habits (Abelha, Agostinho, & Goulart, 2001;Delariva & Agostinho, 2001;Fichberg & Chamon, 2008;Isbr€ ucker & Nijssen, 1976 and Fisch-Muller (2007), with approximately 63 valid species (Froese & Pauly, 2017), is the most specious genus within the Loricariinae and also shows the largest distribution within the family (from Costa Rica to Argentina), found in a diverse array of environments (Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2007;Froese & Pauly, 2017). ...
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... The subfamily Loricariinae can be distinguished from other loricariids by their long flattened body and caudal peduncle, and the absence of an adipose fin (Covain and Fisch-Muller 2007). Within the subfamily Loricariinae, the most diverse genus, Rineloricaria, comprises more than 60 valid species that can be found in a great variety of habitats (Reis et al. 2003;Ferraris 2007;Fichberg and Chamon 2008;Ghazzi 2008;Ingenito et al. 2008;Rapp Py-Daniel and Fichberg 2008;Rodriguez and Miquelarena 2008;Rodriguez and Reis 2008). Rineloricaria species are identified by the combination of the following morphological characters: Caudal fin with 10 unbranched rays; short maxillary barbels, not reaching the origin of pectoral fin; papillose lips; teeth clearly bifid, with more than five in each hemimandible; mouth and oral cavity without ornamentation; belly completely covered with plates in most species, partially covered in others, and shows an ample variation in body size, shape, color pattern, arrangement of the abdominal plates and disposition of their sexual dimorphic odontodes (Vera-Alcaraz et al. 2012). ...
... Rineloricaria species are identified by the combination of the following morphological characters: Caudal fin with 10 unbranched rays; short maxillary barbels, not reaching the origin of pectoral fin; papillose lips; teeth clearly bifid, with more than five in each hemimandible; mouth and oral cavity without ornamentation; belly completely covered with plates in most species, partially covered in others, and shows an ample variation in body size, shape, color pattern, arrangement of the abdominal plates and disposition of their sexual dimorphic odontodes (Vera-Alcaraz et al. 2012). Within Rineloricaria, R. daraha can be distinguished by its particular long digitiform papillae on the ventral surface of the lower lip (Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008). This species was only known previously from its type locality at the Rio Daraá, Rio Negrobasin, Brazil. ...
The geographic distribution of a catfish of the family Loricariidae, Rineloricaria daraha Rapp Py-Daniel and Fichberg, 2008, which was only known from its type locality within the Rio Daraá, Brazil, is extended here within the Rio Negro basin to Colombia. This new record from Colombian territory is more than 700 km apart, in hydrological distance, from previously recorded locality in the Rio Daraá. Illustrations of diagnostic characters and morphometrics are provided based on Colombian specimens.
... The genus Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 actually comprises 65 valid species (Ferraris, 2007; Fichberg & Chamon, 2008; Ghazzi, 2008; Ingenito et al., 2008; Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008; Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2008;). Species of this genus exhibit an extensive variation in their body sizes, color pattern, arrangement of abdominal plates, shape of the head, form, and placement of their sexually dimorphic odontodes. ...
... These authors validated Hemiloricaria (type species: Hemiloricaria caracasensis Bleeker, 1862) from the Rineloricaria synonymy, and proposed as new genera Fonchiiichthys Isbrücker & Michels (type species: Loricaria uracantha Kner, 1863) and Leliella Isbrücker (type species: Rineloricaria heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976). This arrangement was partially accepted by some authors (Ferraris, 2007; Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2008; Ingenito et al., 2008) and rejected by others (Ferraris, 2003; Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2007; Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008; Fichberg & Chamon, 2008). There is not a consensus whether to accept or not the splitting of Rineloricaria in more groups, in consequence we decided to use the arrangement summarized in Ferraris (2003) until a classification based on cladistic approaches be formally published for this group. ...
Species of the genus Rineloricaria from the Paraguay River basin were revised, the following species and geographic distributional patterns were found: R. aurata, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, rio Guaporé in Brazil; R. cacerensis, Paraguay River near Cáceres in Brazil; R. lanceolata, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, Guaporé, Ji-Paraná, Purus, Solimões, and Araguaia rivers in Brazil, Marañón and Madre de Dios rivers in Peru; R. parva, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, Paraná River in Argentina, Uruguay River in Brazil. Loricaria hoehnei is proposed as a new junior synonym of R. lanceolata. A key to the species of Rineloricaria from the Paraguay River basin is provided.
... Within the Loricariidae, members of the subfamily Loricariinae are united by a long and depressed caudal peduncle and by the absence of an adipose fin, but they exhibit substantial variation in body shape, lip morphology and dentition. There are currently 220 valid species of Loricariinae, distributed in 30 genera (Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2007;Fichberg & Chamon, 2008;Ghazzi, 2008;Ingenito et al., 2008;Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008;Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2008;Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008;de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza, 2009;Thomas & Sabaj Pérez, 2010). ...
Recent investigations in the upper Río Huallaga in Peru revealed the presence of an intriguing species of the Loricariinae. To characterize and place this species within the evolutionary tree of the subfamily, a molecular phylogeny of this group was inferred based on the 12S and 16S mitochondrial genes and the nuclear gene F-reticulon4. The phylogeny indicated that this distinctive species was a member of the subtribe Loricariina. Given its phylogenetic placement, and its unusual morphology, this species is described as a new genus and new species of Loricariinae: Fonchiiloricaria nanodon. This new taxon is diagnosed by usually possessing one to three premaxillary teeth that are greatly reduced; lips with globular papillae on the surface; the distal margin of lower lip bearing short, triangular filaments; the premaxilla greatly reduced; the abdomen completely covered by plates, with the plates between lateral abdominal plates small and rhombic; a caudal fin with 14 rays; the orbital notch absent; five lateral series of plates; dorsal-fin spinelet absent; preanal plate present, large and solid, and of irregular, polygonal shape, the caudal peduncle becoming more compressed posteriorly for the last seven to 10 plates.
... long digitiform papillae), the lack of a postorbital notch and by having 14 caudal-fin rays (vs. 12; Rapp Py Daniel & Fichberg, 2008). Five other characters observed only in skeletal preparations and detailed under " Character analysis and description " further distinguish Lamontichthys from other loricariids: 1) the trapezoidal shape of the lower pharyngeal plate, with the medial and lateral borders almost parallel, the medial border larger than the posterior border and at least twice as large as the lateral border (character 13); 2) the triangular and relatively elongate posterior expansion of the first epibranchial (character 14); 3) the large coronoid process in the dentary (character 23); 4) the contact (or proximity) between the proximal portions of the first three anal-fin pterygiophores (character 69); 5) the presence of two broad apophysis on the second preural centrum (character 77). ...
... Schaefer (1998: 399) considered the presence of seven branched rays in the pectoral-fin as a derived condition within the Hypoptopomatinae. Among the Loricariinae, all species of Lamontichthys (including L. parakana), Harttia leiopleura, and Rineloricaria daraha (Rapp Py Daniel & Fichberg, 2008) possess seven branched rays, while some species of Farlowella possess only five (Boeseman, 1971). The presence of seven branched rays in the pectoral-fin was originally proposed as a diagnostic character for Lamontichthys by Isbrücker & Nijssen (1976, 1978b). ...
The taxonomic revision of the genus Lamontichthys Miranda-Ribeiro, based on the examination of 164 specimens of different river drainages throughout the Amazon basin, revealed the presence of six species of which two are new. Lamontichthys filamentosus occurs in the upper and middle portions of the rio Amazonas basin; L. llanero in the río Orinoco basin; L. maracaibero in the lago Maracaibo basin; and L. stibaros in the upper río Amazonas basin. Lamontichthys avacanoeiro, new species, occurs in the upper rio Tocantins basin; and L. parakana, new species, in the lower rio Tocantins basin. The new species represent a considerable extension in the so far known distribution of the genus. A parsimony analysis, including 87 osteological and external morphological characters from Lamontichthys and related taxa (total of 16), resulted in three most parsimonious trees with 194 steps (CI = 0.73 and RI = 0.78). The hypothesis of monophyly of Lamontichthys is corroborated and supported by six derived characters. Within Lamontichthys two monophyletic assemblages are recognized, one includes L. avacanoeiro and L. stibaros, the other includes L. maracaibero and the clade formed by L. filamentosus and L. llanero. The relationships of Lamontichthys parakana, a species that was not included in the phylogenetic analysis is discussed. The monophyly and relationships of the monotypic genus Pterosturisoma microps are also discussed.
The Vaupés River stands out as one of the few within the Amazon basin due to its numerous rapids. These riverine fast-flowing sections not only provide habitat to highly specialized fishes but also function as natural barriers hindering the movement of fish along its course. During a fish-collecting expedition in the lower Vaupés River basin in Colombia, 95 species were registered belonging to 30 families and seven orders. Despite recent inventories in the region, our comprehensive sampling efforts particularly focused on the rapids and associated rheophilic fauna, allowing us to contribute the first records of four fish species in Colombia (Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu, 2016, Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Jégu, 2002, also first record of the genus, Leptodoras praelongus (Myers & Weitzman, 1956), and Eigenmannia matintapereira Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015) and six presumably undescribed species (i.e., Jupiaba sp., Moenkhausia sp., Phenacogaster sp., Bunocephalus sp., Hemiancistrus sp., and Archolaemus sp.). In this study, a commented list of the ichthyofauna of these environments is presented, as well as a photographic catalog of fish species integrated into the CaVFish Project – Colombia.
A new rheophilic species of the genus Rineloricaria is described for the Amazon basin in Colombia. Rineloricaria cachivera n. sp. differs from its congeners by having anterior to the first predorsal plate, an inconspicuous saddle‐like mark; the presence of dark, diffuse blotches, present as unified dark colouration along most of the dorsal portion of the head, without bands or spots on the head; a long snout that occupies more than half the head length (HL), between 58.0% and 66.3% HL; a naked portion on the cleithral area from the border of lower lip reaching the origin of pectoral fin; and by having five series of lateral plates in longitudinal rows below the dorsal fin. The new species is morphologically similar to Rineloricaria daraha; however, it can be distinguished by the presence of six branched pectoral fin rays (vs. seven) and the lower lip surface with short thick papillae (vs. long finger papillae). An identification key to the Rineloricaria species of the Amazon River basin in Colombia is provided. The new species is herein categorized as Least Concern, following the IUCN criteria.
This study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Rio Negro drainage system within the Brazilian territory. The data was gathered from two main sources: 1) litterature compilations of species occurrence records, including original descriptions and revisionary studies; and 2) specimens verification at the INPA fish collection. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 1,165 species distributed in 17 orders (+ two incertae sedis), 56 families, and 389 genera. A large portion of the fish fauna (54.3% of the species) is composed of small-sized fishes < 10 cm in standard length. The main groups are Characiformes (454 species; 39.0%), Siluriformes (416; 35.7%), Gymnotiformes (105; 9.0%), and Cichliformes (102; 8.8%). The species composition differs between the main aquatic environments, such as: main channel (159 species), lakes (296), tributary rivers (596), small streams (234), seasonal beaches (186), and rapids (41). Part of the ichthyofauna is shared with adjacent basins, such as the Orinoco, rivers of the Guiana Shield, lower Solimões/Amazonas and upper Amazonas, which contributes to the remarkable ichthyofaunal diversity of the basin. A high rate of species endemism was observed in Characidae (24), Loricariidae (18), Cichlidae (18) and Callichthyidae (18), totalling 156 species (13.4%) endemic to the basin. An estimation of the species richness for the Rio Negro basin, considering 23 published references, resulted in 1,466 and 1,759 species (Jackknife 1 and 2, respectively), which seems reasonable when considering the large number of morphotypes left out of the present list and the low sampling effort in many areas of the basin. The results presented herein provide an additional tool for environmental managers and decision makers for conservation purposes of one of the richest and most well-preserved sub-basins of the Rio Amazonas system.
