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Right, lateral view of the cephalic musculature of Cranoglanis bouderius. Levator operculi, A1-ost, A2, levator arcus palatini, and anterolateral fibers of epaxialis removed. l-an-iop, ligamentum angulointeroperculare; l-pri, ligamentum primordium; m-A3-d, m-A3-v, m-A3-1, m-A3-2, sections of the musculus adductor mandibulae; m-ad-op, musculus adductor operculi; m-dil-op, musculus dilatator operculi; m-ep, musculus epaxialis; m-pr-mup, musculus protractor of mü llerian process; m-pr-pec, musculus protractor pectoralis; mup, mü llerian process; mx-b, maxillary barbel; o-ang-art, os anguloarticulare; o-apal, os autopalatinum; o-cl, os cleithrum; o-den, os dentale; o-epoc-pdp, posterodorsal process of os epioccipital; o-exs, os extrascapulare; o-fr, os frontale; o-hm, os hyomandibulare; o-iop, os interoperculare; o-leth, os lateroethmoideum; o-meth, os mesethmoideum; o-mx, os maxillare; o-op, os operculare; o-pa-soc, os parietosupraoccipitale; o-pop, os praeoperculare; o-post-scl, os posttemporo-supracleithrum; o-prmx, os praemaxillare; o-pt, os pteroticum; o-sph, os sphenoticum; pp4, parapophysis 4; sb, swim-bladder.
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The cephalic and pectoral girdle structures of the Chinese catfish Cranoglanis bouderius are described and compared with those of other catfishes as the foundation for an analysis on the Cranoglanididae autapomorphies and also for a discussion on the phylogenetic relationships between the cranoglanidids and the other catfishes. Our observations and...
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... epioccipitale. It situates on the posterodorsal surface of the neurocranium. It has a well-developed posterodorsal process (Figs. 2, 3: o-epoc-pdp) that presents a large, deep, circular posterior concavity, from which originate (Figs. 2, 3) a great part of the fibers of the muscle protractor of the anteroventral process of the fourth parapophysys (see ...
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... epioccipitale. It situates on the posterodorsal surface of the neurocranium. It has a well-developed posterodorsal process (Figs. 2, 3: o-epoc-pdp) that presents a large, deep, circular posterior concavity, from which originate (Figs. 2, 3) a great part of the fibers of the muscle protractor of the anteroventral process of the fourth parapophysys (see ...
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... praeoperculare. This is a long and thin bone firmly sutured to the hyomandibula and to the quad- rate (Fig. 4). Os operculare. It is a triangular bone anterodor- sally articulated with the hyomandibula (Fig. ...
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... The dorso- medial limb of this well-developed bone (Figs. 1-3, 6) is sutured with the pterotic and the extrascapular (Fig. 3). Its stout ventromedial limb is firmly su- tured to the basiocccipital (Fig. 6). Its ventrolateral limb is deeply forked (Fig. 6), forming an articulat- ing groove for the upper edge of the cleithrum (see Fig. 2). The posteroventral surface of the posttemporo-supracleithrum is firmly attached, by means of massive connective tissue, to the antero- ventral process of the fourth parapophysis ( Mü l- lerian process) (Figs. 2, 6: mup), which is well- developed and presents a highly mobile, circular (in posterior view) ventrolateral ...
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... (Fig. 6). Its ventrolateral limb is deeply forked (Fig. 6), forming an articulat- ing groove for the upper edge of the cleithrum (see Fig. 2). The posteroventral surface of the posttemporo-supracleithrum is firmly attached, by means of massive connective tissue, to the antero- ventral process of the fourth parapophysis ( Mü l- lerian process) (Figs. 2, 6: mup), which is well- developed and presents a highly mobile, circular (in posterior view) ventrolateral ...
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... bouderius. af-ang, articulatory facet for anguloar- ticulare; af-op, articulatory facet for operculare; c-apal-a, cartilago attaches tendinously on the medial crest of the an- guloarticular (Fig. 7B). The adductor mandibulae A3 is divided in a dorsal and a ventral part. The dorsal one (A3-d) originates on the hyomandibula and metapterygoid (Fig. 2), and inserts tendinously on the coronomeckelian bone (Fig. 7C). The ventral one (A3-v) originates, by means of a small tendon, on the quadrate (Fig. 2) and inserts on the medial surface of the anguloarticular (Fig. 7C). The deeper bundle of the adductor mandibulae, the A3, is pos- terodorsally divided (Figs. 2, 7) in a posterior, ...
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... on the medial crest of the an- guloarticular (Fig. 7B). The adductor mandibulae A3 is divided in a dorsal and a ventral part. The dorsal one (A3-d) originates on the hyomandibula and metapterygoid (Fig. 2), and inserts tendinously on the coronomeckelian bone (Fig. 7C). The ventral one (A3-v) originates, by means of a small tendon, on the quadrate (Fig. 2) and inserts on the medial surface of the anguloarticular (Fig. 7C). The deeper bundle of the adductor mandibulae, the A3, is pos- terodorsally divided (Figs. 2, 7) in a posterior, smaller bundle (A3-1) and in an anterior, larger one (A3-2). These two bundles are, however, anteroven- trally associated in a single, massive tendon (Fig. ...
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... the hyomandibula and metapterygoid (Fig. 2), and inserts tendinously on the coronomeckelian bone (Fig. 7C). The ventral one (A3-v) originates, by means of a small tendon, on the quadrate (Fig. 2) and inserts on the medial surface of the anguloarticular (Fig. 7C). The deeper bundle of the adductor mandibulae, the A3, is pos- terodorsally divided (Figs. 2, 7) in a posterior, smaller bundle (A3-1) and in an anterior, larger one (A3-2). These two bundles are, however, anteroven- trally associated in a single, massive tendon (Fig. 7A), the anterodorsal and the anteroventral portion of which are associated with the posterior portion of the primordial ligament and with the medial surface of the ...
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... adductor operculi. It is somewhat differentiated into two bundles (Fig. 6). The outer one, situated lateral to the adductor hyomandibu- laris (Fig. 6) but mesial to the levator operculi, orig- inates on the ventral surface of the pterotic (Fig. 6) and on the posterodorsolateral surface of the hyo- mandibula (Fig. 2) and inserts on the posteromedial surface of the opercular (Figs. 2, 6). The inner one, situated medial to the adductor hyomandibularis, originates on the ventral surface of the pterotic and inserts on the dorsomedial surface of the opercular (Fig. ...
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... differentiated into two bundles (Fig. 6). The outer one, situated lateral to the adductor hyomandibu- laris (Fig. 6) but mesial to the levator operculi, orig- inates on the ventral surface of the pterotic (Fig. 6) and on the posterodorsolateral surface of the hyo- mandibula (Fig. 2) and inserts on the posteromedial surface of the opercular (Figs. 2, 6). The inner one, situated medial to the adductor hyomandibularis, originates on the ventral surface of the pterotic and inserts on the dorsomedial surface of the opercular (Fig. ...
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... dilatator operculi. This thick muscle situates medially to the levator arcus palatini. It runs from the dorsolateral margin of the sphenotic, as well as from the ventrolateral surface of the fron- tal, to the anterodorsal edge of the opercular (medial to the preopercular but lateral to the articulatory facet of the opercular for the hyomandibula) (Fig. ...
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... abductor superficialis. This muscle is also differentiated in two sections. The larger section (Fig. 10: m-ab-sup-1) attaches anteriorly on the ventral face of both the cleithrum and the scapu- locoracoid and posteriorly on the anteroventral mar- Musculus protractor pectoralis. This well- developed muscle (Figs. 2, 6) runs from the ventral surfaces of both the pterotic and the posttemporo- supracleithrum to the anterodorsal surfaces of both the cleithrum and the ...
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... region nor of the pectoral girdle (see Winterbottom, 1974), it is noteworthy here, since its anteriormost fibers are differentiated (see below) in a separate muscle, the protractor of the Mü l- lerian process, which runs from the exoccipital, epioc- cipital, extrascapular, pterotic, and posttemporo- supracleithrum to the Mü llerian process (Figs. 2, 3, 6). In fact, the protractor of the Mü llerian process, which, like other similar "protactors" (see Mo, 1991: 198), clearly seems to be the result of the differen- tiation of the epaxialis muscle, and clearly repre- sents an independent muscle, which, as stated by its name, protracts the well-developed, highly mobile Mü llerian process ...
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... within different groups of catfishes (this study; also Regan, 1911;Alexander, 1965;Chardon, 1968;Lundberg, 1975;Arratia, 1987;Bornbusch, 1995;Mo, 1991;de Pinna, 1993), the presence of a well- developed posterodorsal process with a large, deep, circular posterior concavity, is a derived feature ex- clusively present in the cranoglanidids (see Figs. 2, 3). This character seems to be associated with the presence (contrary to what was supposed before this study) of an "elastic-spring-apparatus" in the Cranoglanididae. The "elastic-spring-apparatus" (Bridge and Haddon, 1984;Alexander, 1965;Chardon, 1968) is formed by the modified Mü llerian pro- cess, which is highly flexible, distantly ...
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... [Diogo et al., 1999], this mechanism could not be considered a true "elastic-spring-apparatus," since the protractor muscle of bagrids does not insert di- rectly on the Mü llerian process, but on the posttemporo-supracleithrum). However, the config- uration of both the Mü llerian process and its pro- tractor muscle in Cranoglanis bouderius (see Fig. 2) clearly corresponds to that of an "elastic-spring- apparatus" (see above). It should be noted that, al- though some authors (e.g., Curran, 1989) hypothe- size that the catfish taxa with an "elastic-spring- apparatus" form a monophyletic group, it is usually commonly accepted that the "elastic spring appara- tus" is, in fact, a ...
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... Cluster 3: Morphological Focus -Here, emphasis shifts from species-centric studies to anatomical areas, particularly the "pectoral girdle". Nonetheless, the recurrent theme of sedative efficacy persists, with the cluster showcasing publications majorly from the early 2000s (2001) [50][51][52][53]. e. Cluster 4: African Catfish Dynamics -This cluster, with its focus on the "african catfish Clarias gariepinus", delves into the hormonal aspect of catfish research, particularly the pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone. ...
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... Cranoglanis bouderius is classified under Siluriformes, Cranoglanididae，considered the sole representative of Cranoglanis [23,24]. It is an economic fish endemic to East Asia, found primarily in the Pearl River and Hainan Island basins of southern China, as well as the Red River basin of northern Vietnam, and has high nutritional and food value [25]. ...
In China, the Cranoglanis bouderius is classified as a national class II-protected animal. The development of C. bouderius populations has been affected by a variety of factors over the past few decades, with severe declines occurring. Considering the likelihood of continued population declines of the C. bouderius in the future, it is critical to investigate the currently unknown characteristics of gonadal differentiation and sex-related genes for C. bouderius conservation. In this study, the Illumina sequencing platform was used to sequence the gonadal transcriptome of the C. bouderius to identify the pathways and genes related to gonadal development and analyze the expression differences in the gonads. A total of 12,002 DEGs were identified, with 7220 being significantly expressed in the ovary and 4782 being significantly expressed in the testis. According to the functional enrichment results, the cell cycle, RNA transport, apoptosis, Wnt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and prolactin signaling pathway play important roles in sex development in the C. bouderius. Furthermore, the sequence characterization and evolutionary analysis revealed that AMH, DAX1, NANOS1, and AR of the C. bouderius are highly conserved. Specifically, the qRT-PCR results from various tissues showed significant differences in AMH, DAX1, NANOS1, and AR expression levels in the gonads of both sexes of C. bouderius. These analyses indicated that AMH, DAX1, NANOS1, and AR may play important roles in the differentiation and development of C. bouderius gonads. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the C. bouderius gonadal transcriptome and identify the structures of sex-related genes, laying the foundation for future research.
... However, the wild resources of this fish have declined markedly in recent years, as a consequence of overfishing, and in 2011 it was placed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucnredlist.org). Previous studies on C. bouderius have focused on morphology (Diogo et al., 2002;Luckenbill and Lundberg, 2009), physiology (Zhou et al., 2003;Chen et al., 2016), genetic diversity (Cheng et al., 2009), and molecular characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome (Peng et al., 2006). However, despite this extensive research, the lack of a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for C. bouderius has significantly hindered in-depth research on the evolution, breeding, and conservation of this fish. ...
... Some studies describing published by Rui Diogo: e.g. Diogo & Chardon (2000a, b); Diogo (2003); Diogo et al. (1999Diogo et al. ( , 2000aDiogo et al. ( , b, 2001Diogo et al. ( , 2002Diogo et al. ( , 2003aDiogo et al. ( , b, c, d, 2004aDiogo et al. ( , b, c, d, 2006a., and more recently by Datovo and Bockman, 2010. Other research on the muscular (Alexander, 1965;Gosline, 1989;Schaefer & Lauder, 1986;and Adriaens et al., 2001) or muscle development (Adriaens & Verraes, 1996& 1997and Adriaens, 1998). ...
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... The origin of the levator operculi on both the neurocranium and the hyomandibulometapterygoid is a very rare feature among catfishes, being only present, apart the pimelodids, on a few catfishes such as plotosids, cranoglanidids, schilbids and silurids (Diogo & Vandewalle). As these latter four groups are very likely more closely related to other catfish groups than to the pimelodids (Mo; De Pinna, 1998; Diogo et al., 2002a; Diogo, 2004), this character supports the monophyly of the Pimelodidae. ...
... Diogo & Chardon 2000c: Figs. 5 and 6). As these three groups seem to be more closely related to certain other catfish groups than to the pimelodids (Mo; De Pinna, 1998; Diogo et al., 2002a; Diogo, 2004), this character constitutes on more strong argument on behalf of the monophyly of the family Pimelodidae. ...
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... As this derived structure is only found in the clarotein and pangasiid catfishes, and as claroteines appear to be more closely related to other catfish groups (e.g. auchenoglanidines, ariids, austroglanidids and cranoglanidids) than to pangasiids (Mo; De Pinna, 1998; Diogo et al., 2002a; Diogo, 2003ab, 2004), this feature was seemingly independently acquired in these two groups. ...
... As the Ariidae are seemingly more closely related to other catfish groups (e.g. Claroteidae, Austroglanididae, Cranoglanididae and Ictaluridae: Diogo et al., 2002a; Oliveira et al., 2002; Diogo, 2003a; Diogo, 2004) than to the Schilbidae and the Pangasiidae, this feature was probably independently acquired in the Ariidae, thus constituting a synapomorphy to support the clade Schilbidae + Pangasiidae. ...
... As other studies recently published by the author and colleagues (e.g. Diogo et al., 1999 Diogo et al., ,b, 2001c Diogo et al., , 2002a Diogo & Chardon, 2000c; Oliveira et al., 2001; Diogo, 2003b), the present work thus stresses that the analysis of certain characters that are not usually included in the study of catfish relationships, such as e.g. those concerning precisely the configuration of the structures associated with the mandibular barbels or of the cephalic muscles could reveal useful data to infer the phylogeny of these fishes. ...
The cephalic and pectoral girdle structures of Pangasius macronema are described and compared with those of another representative of the same genus, Pangasius larnaudii, and of representatives of the other pangasiid genus, Helicophagus leptorhynchus and Helicophagus typus, as well as of several other catfishes, as the foundation for a discussion of the synapomorphies and phylogenetic relationships of the Pangasiidae. The following two features could constitute Pangasiidae autapomorphies: 1) presence of prominent crest on the dorso-lateral surfaces of both the hyomandibulo-metapterygoid and the ento-ectopterygoid; 2) presence of a large, circular foramen between the anterodorsomedial surface of the extrascapular, the dorsomesial surface of the pterotic and the dorsolateral surface of the parieto-supraoccipital. With respect to the phylogenetic relationships of the Pangasiidae, this family is seemingly closely related to the Schilbidae.
... Situated medially to the levator operculi, it runs from the ventral surface of the pterotic to the dorso-medial surface of the opercle (Fig. 2). There is no adductor hyomandibularis (sensu DIOGO et al., 2002;DIOGO & VANDEWALLE, 2003). ...
The cephalic and pectoral girdle structures of Nematogenys inermis are described and compared to those of other catfishes, as the foundation for a discussion on the autapomorphies and phylogenetic relationships of the Nematogenyidae. Our observations and comparisons indicate that nematogenyids are defined, at least, by two unique, autapomorphic characters, namely : 1) anterior margin of prevomer markedly extended anteriorly, at about the same level of anterior margin of mesethmoid; 2) anterior ceratohyal with prominent, posteriorly pointed, posterodorsal pro- jection bordering a significant part of the dorsal margin of the posterior ceratohyal. With respect to the phylogenetic relationships of the Nematogenyidae, this study supports Mo's 1991 and de Pinna's 1992 phylogenetic hypotheses according to which the nematogenyids and the trichomycterids are sister-groups.
... Such a pronounced bifurcation is a very rare feature among catfishes, being only present, apart from the pseudopimelodins, on a few catfishes such as chacids, silurids, ictalurids, claroteids or the amphiliid genus Amphilius (Diogo, 2003a). The fact that these four latter groups are very likely more closely related to other catfish groups than to the pseudopimelodines (Mo, 1991;de Pinna, 1998;Diogo et al., 2002a;Diogo, 2003aDiogo, , b, 2004, associated with the fact that this character is present in all these four pseudopimelodin genera (the situation in Cephalosilurus could not be discerned) but absent in the non-pseudopimelodin pimelodids (see below), seems to indicate that this feature constitutes a pseudopimelodin synapomorphy. ...
... Spoon-like autopalatine with a roundish, dorso-ventrally expanded posterior tip. As the pronounced anterior bifurcation of the mesethmoid, this derived character (Mo, 1991;de Pinna, 1998) also seems to constitute a pseudopimelodin synapomorphy, since, apart from the pseudopimelodins, it is only present in a few, phylogenetically distant (Mo, 1991;de Pinna, 1993;de Pinna, 1998;Diogo et al., 2002a;Diogo, 2003bDiogo, , 2004 catfish groups, such as the doradoids or the sisoroids, and absent in both the pimelodin and the heptapterin pimelodids (see below). However, it is evidently necessary to undertake further studies on the configuration of other pseudopimelodin members to discern if this character indeed constitutes a Pseudopimelodinae synapomorphy. ...
... The origin of the levator operculi on both the neurocranium and the hyomandibulo-metapterygoid is a very rare feature among catfishes, being only present, apart from the pimelodids, on a few catfishes such as plotosids, cranoglanidids, schilbids and silurids (Diogo and Vandewalle, 2003). As these four groups are probably more closely related to other catfish groups than to pimelodids (Mo, 1991;de Pinna, 1998;Diogo et al., 2002a;Diogo, 2004), this character also supports the monophyly of the Pimelodidae. ...
The cephalic and pectoral girdle structures of the pimelodin Pimelodus blochii (Pimelodus group) are described and compared to those of representatives of the two other main pimelodin groups, namely Calophysus macropterus (Calophysus group) and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Sorubim group), and of a representative of the peculiar pimelodin genus Hypophthalmus, H. edentatus, and several other catfishes, as the foundation for a discussion on the synapomorphies and phylogenetic relationships of the Pimelodinae. Three new, additional potential synapomorphies to support the monophyly of the Pimelodinae are pointed out: (1) presence of a 'muscle 1 of the mandibular barbels' running from the antero-ventro-mesial surface of the cartilaginous plates carrying these barbels to the dentaries; (2) presence of a muscle tensor tripodis running from the posterior surface of the neurocranium to the dorsal surface of the swimbladder near the tripus; and (3) presence of a 'drumming muscle of the swimbladder' running from the parapophyses of the fourth vertebra and, eventually, the posterior surface of the neurocranium, to the antero and antero-ventral surface of the swimbladder. The subfamilies Pimelodinae, Heptapterinae and Pseudopimelodinae seem to constitute a monophyletic assemblage, thus contradicting the commonly accepted idea that the family Pimelodidae is a polyphyletic clade.
... To provide a first evaluation of the phylogenetic placement of Lacantunia we examined it for possession of previously reported diagnostic synapomorphies of monophyletic siluriform clades at and above the family level. The clades and principal references are: Diplomystidae (Arratia 1987); Siluroidei (Grande 1987); Hypsidoridae (Grande 1987, Grande & de Pinna 1998); Cetopsidae (de Pinna & Vari 1995); Amphiliidae (); Loricarioidei (Schaefer 1990, de Pinna 1992); Nematogenyidae (de Pinna ZOOTAXA 1992); Trichomycteridae (de Pinna 1992); Callichthyidae (Reis 1998); Scoloplacidae (Schaefer 1990); Astroblepidae (Schaefer 1990); Loricariidae (Schaefer 1987, Armbruster 2004); Sisoroidei (de Pinna 1996, de Pinna & Ng 2004); Akysidae (de Pinna 1996); Amblycipitidae (Chen 1994, de Pinna 1996); Erethistidae (de Pinna 1996); Sisoridae (de Pinna 1996); Aspredinidae (Friel 1994, de Pinna 1996); Pseudopimelodidae (Lundberg et al. 1991a, Shibatta 1998); Heptapteridae (Lundberg & McDade 1986, Bockmann 1998); Pimelodidae (Nass 1991, Lundberg et al. 1991b ); Doradoidei (Royero 1987, Ferraris 1988); Mochokidae (Mo 1991, de Pinna 1993); Doradidae (Higuchi 1992); Auchenipteridae (Ferraris 1988); Ariidae (Mo 1991, Marceniuk 2003); Clariidae (Teugels & Adriens 2003); Schilbidae (Mo 1991, de Pinna 1993); Pangasiidae (de Pinna 1993); Claroteidae (Mo 1991); Australoglanididae (Mo 1991); Malapteruridae (Howes 1985, de Pinna 1993); Bagridae (Mo 1991, Ng 2003 ); Australoglanididae (Mo 1991); Cranoglanididae (Diogo et al. 2002); Ictaluridae (Lundberg 1982, Grande & Lundberg 1988, Lundberg 1992); Siluridae (Bornbusch 1991, Bornbusch 1995); Chacidae (Brown & Ferraris 1998, Diogo et al. 2004); Plotosidae (de Pinna 1993). Abbreviations: FR frontal, HYO hyomandibula, LAPC levator arcus palatini crest, LET lateral ethmoid , LJ lower jaw, MNF mandibular nerve foramen, MPT metapterygoid, OP opercle, P palatine, POP preopercle, PTE pterotic, Q quadrate, SPH sphenotic, SPHP sphenotic process. ...
A new family (Lacantuniidae), genus and species of catfish, Lacantunia enigmatica, is described from the Río Usumacinta basin of Chiapas, México. This odd siluriform is diagnosed by five dis-tinctively autapomorphic and anatomically complex structures. The fifth (last) infraorbital bone is relatively large, anteriorly convex and remote from a prominent sphenotic process. The lateral mar-gin of the frontal, lateral ethmoid and sphenotic bones are thick at the origins of much enlarged adductor mandibulae and levator arcus palatini muscles; otherwise the skull roof is constricted and flat. One pair of cone-shaped "pseudo-pharyngobranchial" bones is present at the anterior tips of enlarged cartilages medial to the first epibranchial. A hypertrophied, axe-shaped uncinate process emerges dorsally from the third epibranchial. The gas bladder has paired spherical, unencapsulated diverticulae protruding from its anterodorsal wall. Lacantunia enigmatica cannot be placed within or as a basal sister lineage to any known catfish family or multifamily clade except Siluroidei. This species may represent an ancient group, perhaps of early Tertiary age or older, and it adds another biogeographic puzzle to the historically complex Mesoamerican biota.
