Figure 8 - available via license: CC BY
Content may be subject to copyright.
Resveratrol and restraint stress effects on spleen size (A), length (B), and weight (C) of non-stressed mice (Control), restraint-stressed mice (RS), restraint-stressed mice with vehicle (RS + V), and restraint-stressed mice treated with 2 mg/kg body weight resveratrol (RS + 2 mg RES), and restraint-stressed mice treated with 20 mg/kg body weight of resveratrol (RS + 20 mg RES). Each bar in the given graphs represents the mean ± SEM (n = 10). Statistical differences were determined by 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Different superscript letters represent significant differences among groups (p < 0.05).
Source publication
The objectives were to investigate whether restraint stress (which is known as a mixture of psychologic and physical stress) exerts negative effects on the stomach and spleen, and whether the phenolic compound resveratrol (RES) exerts any protective roles. Fifty adult male mice were divided into five groups, with 10 mice per group as follows: contr...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... RS + 20 mg RES group showed some improvements in spleen size compared to the stressed groups RS and RS + V, which were abnormally enlarged. The experimental data also showed significant differences in spleen length and weight between the control and all stressed group (RS, RS + V, RS + 2 mg RES, and RS + 20 mg RES)(p < 0.05), while the RS + 2 mg RES and RS + 20 mg RES groups showed significant improvements compared to the stressed groups RS and RS + V (p < 0.05) ( Figure 8A-C). Figure 5. Effects of resveratrol on the parietal cell diameter of non-stressed mice (Control), restraint-stressed mice (RS), restraint-stressed mice with vehicle (RS + V), restraint-stressed mice treated with 2 mg/kg body weight of resveratrol (RS + 2 mg RES), and restraint-stressed mice treated with 20 mg/kg body weight of resveratrol (RS + 20 mg RES). ...
Context 2
... RS + 20 mg RES group showed some improvements in spleen size compared to the stressed groups RS and RS + V, which were abnormally enlarged. The experimental data also showed significant differences in spleen length and weight between the control and all stressed group (RS, RS + V, RS + 2 mg RES, and RS + 20 mg RES) (p < 0.05), while the RS + 2 mg RES and RS + 20 mg RES groups showed significant improvements compared to the stressed groups RS and RS + V (p < 0.05) (Figure 8A-C). Each bar in the given graph (B) represents the mean ± SEM (n = 12). ...
Context 3
... 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 17 Figure 8. Resveratrol and restraint stress effects on spleen size (A), length (B), and weight (C) of nonstressed mice (Control), restraint-stressed mice (RS), restraint-stressed mice with vehicle (RS + V), and restraint-stressed mice treated with 2 mg/kg body weight resveratrol (RS + 2 mg RES), and restraintstressed mice treated with 20 mg/kg body weight of resveratrol (RS + 20 mg RES). ...
Similar publications
Simple Summary: The current project was designed to examine the effects of restraint stress on body weights, food and water consumption, and pathophysiology of the stomach and spleen in adult mice, and potential roles of the phenolic compound resveratrol during treatment. We found that restraint stress (which is known to be a mixture of psychologic...
Citations
... 58,59 In addition, we also observed a decrease in body and organ weight (liver, kidney) in restraint stress mice. 54 However, oral administration of probiotics for six weeks with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) maintained body and organ weight and also maintained fasting blood glucose levels, consistent with previous studies. [55][56][57] Overall, these results suggest that probiotics can protect against the negative effects of stress on reproductive health and may be a potential therapeutic intervention for stressinduced reproductive deficits. ...
Restraint stress (RS) can induce male reproductive deficits by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and causing oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that probiotics can alleviate neurological and metabolic disorders induced by stress. However, the effects of probiotics on RS-induced reproductive deficits have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC-610 (Probiotic-1) and Lactobacillus fermentum NCDC-400 (Probiotic-2) with prebiotic (fructooligosaccharides (FOS)) could prevent RS-induced reproductive deficits. C57BL6/J mice were subjected to RS for four hours daily before oral administration of probiotics (4 × 109 CFU per mice) either separately or concurrently with FOS. The results showed that oral administration of Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2 protected against RS-induced sperm deficits, including sperm count, motility, morphology, and histopathology of testes, and improved intestinal health. Furthermore, Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2 prevented RS-induced changes in testosterone levels by up-regulating the expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) in the testes. Additionally, Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2 increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and reduced the fold change of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), indicating a protective effect against RS-induced oxidative stress. Oral administration of Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2, either separately or concurrently with FOS (probiotic dose of 4 × 109 CFU per mice and prebiotic 5% w/v), prevented RS-induced activation of the HPA axis and improved male fertility. These findings suggest that L. rhamnosus NCDC-610 and L. fermentum NCDC-400 are safe and effective probiotics for mitigating stress-induced male reproductive deficits.
... Histological analysis was carried out in accordance with previous research [43][44][45][46][47]. The tissues were first dehydrated using a graded series of ethanol and xylene, followed by paraffin wax clearing and infiltration. ...
The free grazing habits of camels from various sources may cause heavy metals to bioaccumulate in their tissues and organs, possibly resulting in higher amounts of these toxic substances in their bodies over time. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure impact of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on bull camels of the Lassi breed, aged 7 to 8 years, at a site near the industrial area and another two non-industrial sites, to analyze the presence of heavy metals. Samples from three sites were collected from thirty camels (n = 10/each), soil and water (n = 30), and five different plants (n = 15/each) for analysis. Testes were collected for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum samples were obtained to measure testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Samples were obtained from plants, soil, water, blood, serum and urine for AAS. According to the results, the testes’ weight, length, width, and volume significantly decreased at the industrial site compared with the other two sites as a result of exposure to Cd and Pb. Additionally, blood testosterone concentrations were considerably lower at the industrial site, indicating a detrimental impact on testicular steroidogenesis. The histological investigation of the industrial site indicated structural disturbances, including seminiferous tubule degeneration and shedding, cellular debris in seminiferous tubules, lining epithelium depletion, and vacuolation. Elevated amounts of Cd and Pb were found at the industrial site when analyzed using water, soil, plants, testes, serum, and urine. These findings demonstrate the adverse effects of Pb and Cd exposure on camel testicular function, including decreased weight and altered steroidogenesis. These findings are essential for understanding the impact of exposure to Pb and Cd on camel reproductive function and for developing successful prevention and management plans for these exposures in this species.
... The fourth part of the current study revealed that stress could lead to a significant loss of the gastric parietal and chief cells in the mucosal layer of the stomachs of male and female rats. In the same line, Ennab et al. (2019) indicated that restraint stress caused damage to gastric cells and decreased the number of parietal cells in mice (Ennab et al. 2019), which could increase the number of gastric mucosa cells followed by an increased rate of cellular apoptosis (Bredemeyer et al. 2009;Filaretova et al. 2021). In addition, a decrease in the number of parietal cells prevents the growth of the chief cells (Ennab et al. 2019). ...
... The fourth part of the current study revealed that stress could lead to a significant loss of the gastric parietal and chief cells in the mucosal layer of the stomachs of male and female rats. In the same line, Ennab et al. (2019) indicated that restraint stress caused damage to gastric cells and decreased the number of parietal cells in mice (Ennab et al. 2019), which could increase the number of gastric mucosa cells followed by an increased rate of cellular apoptosis (Bredemeyer et al. 2009;Filaretova et al. 2021). In addition, a decrease in the number of parietal cells prevents the growth of the chief cells (Ennab et al. 2019). ...
... In the same line, Ennab et al. (2019) indicated that restraint stress caused damage to gastric cells and decreased the number of parietal cells in mice (Ennab et al. 2019), which could increase the number of gastric mucosa cells followed by an increased rate of cellular apoptosis (Bredemeyer et al. 2009;Filaretova et al. 2021). In addition, a decrease in the number of parietal cells prevents the growth of the chief cells (Ennab et al. 2019). Izgüt-Uysal et al. (2007) also maintained that chronic restraint stress reduced the number of gastric epithelial cells and damaged the macroscopic mucosa (Izgüt-Uysal et al. 2007). ...
Exposure to stressors can cause functional disorders and structural damage to the stomach. Sertraline (SER) is an antidepressant and curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound with many properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impacts of stress, SER, and CUR on the stomach tissue using stereological methods. In total, 24 male and 24 female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, the rats were not exposed to stress. However, the animals in stress, SER and, CUR groups were exposed to daily stress and were orally fed with distilled water, SER (10 mg/kg/day), and CUR (100 mg/kg/day), respectively. The volume, surface area, and number of nerve, parietal, and chief cells were evaluated by stereological methods. Results showed that stress increased the stomach and its mucosa and submucosa volumes, while it decreased the surface area of the mucosa. Furthermore, this disorder increased the number of neurons in the submucosa and myenteric plexuses while it decreased the number of parietal and chief cells. However, treating stressed rats with SER or CUR could prevent these changes. The results showed that the consumption of SER or CUR could be used as a preventive or adjunctive treatment for stressful situations.
... Organ pencernaan yang dapat terpengaruh oleh stres adalah lambung.8 Dampak stres dapat mengganggu baik proses mekaniknya yaitu motilitas lambung maupun gangguan kimiawi yaitu produksi asam lambung dan zat khusus yang diproduksi.9 ...
Damage on gastric mucosa is caused by an imbalance of defensive factors and aggressive factors. This can be due to various factors, one of which is stress. Cajuput oil as aromatherapy is proven to prevent stress because it contains 1,8 cineole, α-terpineol, and 4-terpineol which have a sedative-hypnotic effect. This study aims to determine the effect of inhalation of cajuput oil on the gastric histology of mice. This research is a true experimental with a post test only control group design. The research subjects were 16 adult male mice taken by simple random sampling and divided into normal group (KN), negative control group (K-), positive control group (K+), and cajuput oil inhalation group (P). Groups K+, K-, and P were given stress treatment with the Tail Suspension Test (TST) method for six minutes for 14 day. Surgery was perfomed on the 15th day and histology preparations were made. The average score of gastric mucosal damage in cajuput oil group was lower when compared to the stress group although the results of the Tukey test showed no significant results between these two group. It can be concluded that cajuput oil with an inhalation dose 0.5 mL has anti-stress effect that prevent gastric mucosal damage in mice which acute stress induced.
... Previous reports indicated that corticosterone activated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) through suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling, in turn suppressed LTP in the hippocampus [30,31]. Therefore, to test if Akt signaling is involved in the effect of HM, we utilized LY294002, a PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor. ...
... LY294002 blocked the effect of HM on corticosterone-induced LTP deficit (t11 = 1.547, p > 0.05, n = 6-7/group, Figure 2C, D). Previous reports indicated that corticosterone activated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) through suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling, in turn suppressed LTP in the hippocampus [30,31]. Therefore, to test if Akt signaling is involved in the effect of HM, we utilized LY294002, a PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor. ...
... However, the exact mechanism of how GR activation regulates synaptic function is still not clear. Several studies report that signaling mechanisms such as caspase-3, Akt, and GSK-3 are involved in the negative role of corticosterone [30,47]. In this study, it was confirmed that prolonged restraint stress increased blood corticosterone, and it was confirmed that HM and thunberginol C inhibit corticosterone-induced neuronal death. ...
Stress is an important neurological input for successful life. However, chronic stress and stress hormones could be a cause of various neurological disorders including anxiety disorders. Therefore, there have been many efforts to find effective materials for curing stress-induced neurological disorders. In this study, we examined the effect of Hydrangea macrophylla (HM) on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity, stress-induced anxiety in mice and suggested a possible active ingredient of HM. HM protected cortical neurons against neurotoxicity of corticosterone (CORT), a stress hormone. HM also blocked CORT-induced hippocampal synaptic deficit via regulating Akt signaling. Oral administration of HM improved chronic restraint stress-induced anxiety in Elevated Plus maze test along with reduction of plasma corticosterone and TNF-α levels. Moreover, HM reduced stress-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Thunberginol C, an active ingredient of HM, also prevented CORT-induced neuronal cell death and restraint stress-induced anxiety. Moreover, thunberginol C reduced plasma TNF-α level and neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Collectively, HM could be a good candidate for preventing stress-induced neurological disorders and thunberginol C may be an active ingredient of HM for this purpose.
... Resveratrol (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, USA) was diluted to 5% in the vehicle (CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) [33,34]. The Beijing Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology (China) supplied sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with trans-resveratrol for oral gavage at 0.5% in CMC. ...
Our present study was designed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol (RES) in Swiss mice by exposing them to prenatal stress. Twenty-four Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control (C), maternal restraint stress (MRS), maternal restraint stress + resveratrol (MRS + RES) 2 mg, and maternal restraint stress + resveratrol (MRS + RES) 20 mg. Dams were exposed to stress by restraint in plastic tubes for four hours a day from 12–18 days of gestation. The results showed that male pups of MRS were significantly decreased in the testis weight, anogenital distance, area of seminiferous tubules, diameter of seminiferous tubules, area of the lumen, diameter of the lumen, and epithelial height of seminiferous tubules. However, the anomalies of the reproductive tract produced under restraint stress were neutralized by the use of RES 2 mg/kg. A significant difference was observed between terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)- positive germ cells in MRS and MRS + RES 20 mg/kg groups, while it was non-significant between MRS + RES 2 mg/kg and C groups. Apart from these effects, blood glucose levels were increased in MRS and MRS + RES 20 mg/kg groups, while experimental animals of the MRS + RES 2 mg/kg group significantly recovered. These results suggested that a lower dose of RES could cure the adverse effects of prenatal stress in early age male progeny. Thus, our study suggests, for the first time, practical values for a lower dose of RES 2 mg/kg as a safe and effective agent in the first week age of prenatally stressed mice.
Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is integral to defending against external contaminants, featuring a complex array of immunological, physical, chemical, and microbial barriers. Mycotoxins, which are toxic metabolites from fungi, are pervasive in both animal feed and human food, presenting substantial health risks.
Methods: This review examines the pharmacological, toxicological, and microbiological impacts of natural products on mycotoxicosis, with a particular focus on the gut-x axis. The analysis synthesizes current understanding and explores the role of natural products rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins.
Results: The review highlights that mycotoxins can disrupt intestinal integrity, alter inflammatory responses, damage the mucus layer, and disturb the bacterial balance. The toxins' effects are extensive, potentially harming the immune system, liver, kidneys, and skin, and are associated with serious conditions such as cancer, hormonal changes, genetic mutations, bleeding, birth defects, and neurological issues. Natural products have shown potential anticancer, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitoxic properties.
Discussion: The review underscores the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting gut microbial modulation. It identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen our understanding of natural products' role in gut-x axis health and to mitigate the global health impact of mycotoxin-induced diseases.
Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element for poultry, plays a crucial role in promoting growth, improving feed conversion efficiency, enhancing antioxidant activity, and preventing disease. This study investigated the impact of different levels and sources of dietary Zn supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. In this experiment, 1024 Xueshan chickens were divided into eight groups and subjected to heat stress conditions with different levels of Zn supplementation (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, and 90 mg/kg) using organic or inorganic sources. Our findings indicated that dietary Zn supplementation significantly increased the feed-to-weight ratio of broilers during the experimental period under heat stress. Moreover, Zn supplementation positively increased the villus height and villus width in the jejunum and ileum at 74 and 88 days old, with the 60 and 90 mg/kg groups outperforming other groups, and organic Zn was more effective than inorganic Zn. Furthermore, Zn supplementation significantly increased serum antioxidant levels, with higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities, and organic Zn was more effective than inorganic Zn. This study concludes that Zn supplementation is beneficial in mitigating the detrimental impacts of heat stress on broilers. The findings suggest that employing Zn as a strategy can enhance productivity in the poultry industry by positively influencing intestinal morphology and bolstering antioxidant activity to counteract potential stress.
Purpose
To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats.
Methods
Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks. Stressed prepubertal and adult rats evaluated immediately after the last stress stimuli were named SP and SA groups, respectively. Age-matched rats were used as control groups (CP and CA). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and prostate morphological parameters were evaluated and statistically compared.
Results
Application of stress stimuli to the SP group resulted in reduced body weight, but no prostate morphological modification was noted. The SA group showed reduced testosterone level and prostatic epithelium surface density, in comparison to CA group. Further, the prostatic lumen surface density was increased in adult stressed animals, in comparison to adult controls.
Conclusions
The stress stimuli promoted changes in hormonal and morphological parameters in the prostate of adult stressed rats. Prepubertal stressed animals did not presented modifications of prostate morphology.
Key words
Prostate; Rats
