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Статтю присвячено визначенню ролі глобальних міст у сучасних міжнародних економічних відносинах. Обґрунтовано типові риси глобального міста. Проаналізовано Топ-10 міст за щорічним зростанням ВВП. Досліджено роль мегарегіонів у розвитку міжнародних економі
This study proposes the use of the shoelace formula to determine the area of the regencies and towns/cities in the province of Central Java, which is based on the boundaries of the cities, regencies, (sub-) districts, and villages using the database from the GADM (Global Administrative Area). The results obtained are then compared with the Karney p...
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... Rapidly growing urban and industrial built spaces exposed to progressively erratic weather patterns due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions mandate more durable structures produced with sustainable materials and innovative practices (Fahimizadeh et al., 2022;Cho, 2022). Research into alternative construction materials and techniques has put forth a roadmap of sustainable construction practices, aiming to create sustainable structures with extended service life and resilience towards different stressors, and to decouple the expanding construction sector from its associated environmental burdens (Fahimizadeh et al., 2022;Chan, 2016;Hao and Li, 2019). ...
Biologically self-healing concretes are generally composed of immobilized or encapsulated bacterial spores and nutrients. The efficiency of this self-healing approach depends on the effective protection and storage by the carriers. This report describes a novel sustained-release strategy for the improved self-healing function and microcapsule resistance to the cement environment. Halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with the common microbiological nutrient, yeast extract (YE) were encapsulated in calcium alginate microcapsules alongside Bacillus pseudofirmus spores. The encapsulation of the YE-loaded HNTs improved the resistance of the microcapsules to the cement environment, improved the microcapsule-cement interface, while successfully retaining the nutrients after direct contact with the cement pore solution. The self-healing system effectively healed artificial concrete cracks compared to control samples, reducing the crack water tightness by over 95%, and improved the flexural strength regain by approximately 75% after 56 days of wet-dry incubation. The sustained-release mechanism considerably improved the self-healing performance.
... The foundation for sound professional practice stipulates that engineering professionals and students must be trained to be adaptive experts as they navigate the complex interface between the engineering profession and society at large. Thus, the philosophical foundation of this section rests on a basic premise: that as engineering graduates transition to post-University life, they will likely be confronted with tasks oriented towards finding solutions to some of the 21st-century global grand challenges and diverse societal problems requiring technical solutions (Chan, 2016). Tackling these challenges and problems will undoubtedly require a repertoire of competencies. ...
Following the recent rise in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, fundamental questions about their wider impacts have started to reverberate around various disciplines. This study aims to track the unfolding landscape of general issues surrounding GenAI tools and to elucidate the specific opportunities and limitations of these tools as part of the technology-assisted enhancement of mechanical engineering education and professional practices.
As part of the investigation, the authors conduct and present a brief scientometric analysis of recently published studies to unravel the emerging trend on the subject matter. Furthermore, experimentation was done with selected GenAI tools (Bard, ChatGPT, DALL.E and 3DGPT) for mechanical engineering-related tasks.
The study identified several pedagogical and professional opportunities and guidelines for deploying GenAI tools in mechanical engineering. Besides, the study highlights some pitfalls of GenAI tools for analytical reasoning tasks (e.g., subtle errors in computation involving unit conversions) and sketching/image generation tasks (e.g., poor demonstration of symmetry).
Combining scientometric analysis, experimentation and pedagogical insights, the study provides a unique focus on the implications of GenAI tools for material selection/discovery in product design, manufacturing troubleshooting, technical documentation and product positioning, among others.
... Thus, the philosophical foundation of this section rests on a basic premise: that as engineering graduates transition to post-University life, they will likely be confronted with tasks oriented towards finding solutions to some of the 21 st -century global grand challenges and diverse societal problems requiring technical solutions [102]. Tackling these challenges and problems will undoubtedly require a repertoire of competencies. ...
... In a review article, the use of microalgae photo bioreactors in the architecture and facades as well as types of PBR for integration with buildings and their technical requirements were described [31]. An article outlining the types of intelligent buildings, refers to a building in the Hamburg-Germany with a facade made of PBR used for microalgae cultivation [32]. According to literature review, there is no study on using residential combustion gases for microalgae cultivation, the aim of this study was to capture carbon dioxide from house chimney gases for cultivation of microalgae spirulina. ...
Introduction: Global warming and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from various emission sectors are not hidden from anyone. The aim of this study was to determine Carbon dioxide (CO2)capture
from combustion gases of methane for cultivation of microalgae spirulina platensis.
Materials and methods: Microalgae culture medium was added in two photobioreactor. Air and combustion gas was injected into control and test reactors respectively. Artificial light with 10 Klux intensity was used and
operated in continuous and intermittent (14 h ON and 8 h OFF) modes. Inlet concentration of carbon dioxide in to the test photobiorector was set in the range of 2000 to 6000 ppm and was measured in the inlet and outlet of
photo-bioreactor by ND-IR CO2 analyzer.
Results: In the control photo-bioreactor, the average removal of CO2 from the air was 42%. In the test reactor with an inlet CO2 concentration of 4100 ppm, the average removal of CO2 from the combustion gas was 23%. After 9 days of cultivation, the amount of carbon dioxide stabilized by microalgae was 0.528 and 1.14 g/L (dry weight) in the control and experimental photobioreactors respectively. The CO2 bio-fixation rate was in the range of 2.2% and 4.0% at different runs. After 9.0 days of cultivation concentration of microalgae was 0.25 and 1.0 g/L in the control and test reactors respectively. Algae productivity with intermittent light was 35% less than continuous light exposure.
Conclusion: It is possible to use CO2 capture from combustion gases of commercial heater for cultivation of microalgae spirulina.
... Extensive research into alternative construction materials and strategies has presented a roadmap of sustainable construction practices that will enable the construction industry to adapt to the challenges in the current millennium. The goal is to create green structures with an extended service life and resilience to various stressors, thus dissociating the expanding construction sector from greenhouse gas emissions [2][3][4]. One of the proposed strategies is to use smart self-healing cement composite materials that are affected by changes in the structure and respond accordingly without human mediation. ...
Microbially induced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation (MICP) has been investigated as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete remediation methods for improving the mechanical properties and durability of concrete structures. To date, urea-dependent MICP is the most widely employed MICP pathway in biological self-healing concrete research as its use has resulted in efficient CaCO3 precipitation rates. NH3 is a byproduct of ureolysis, and can be hazardous to cementitious structures and the health of various species. Accordingly, non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing systems have been developed as eco-friendly alternatives to urea-dependent self-healing systems. Non-ureolytic pathways can improve the physical properties of concrete samples and incorporate the use of waste materials; they have the potential to be cost-effective and sustainable. Moreover, they can be applied in terrestrial and marine environments. To date, research on non-ureolytic concrete self-healing systems has been scarce compared to that on ureolytic systems. This article discusses the advances and challenges in non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing studies and highlights the directions for future research.
... Bioreactive façade-algae (biointelligent quotient house, Hamburg, opened April 2013)[21]. ...
Nowadays, humanity is facing severe environmental events due to our different activities (Industry, transport, agriculture, etc.). It is now apparent that there is a necessity to look for new strategies, technologies, and renewable resources instead of using the limited, depleting energy supply that causes greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). From 2020, in Germany and some other European countries, it will become obligatory to build zero-energy houses “green buildings,” where each house should produce its energy requirements using different renewable energy technologies. The BIQ (biointelligent quotient) house is an innovative technology started in Hamburg (Germany), which uses bioreactive façades covered by algal biomass to produce renewable energy. In particular, the BIQ house prototype in Hamburg, with a surface of 200 m² of bioreactive panels covered by algae, provides the building with the energy required, and at the same time, reduces the amount of CO2 by 6 tons per year. Also, the algal biomass can be used in a biological treatment to produce biogas and biofertilizer through anaerobic digestion and composting or implementation in wastewater treatment plants. This innovative BIQ house has many advantages: air cooling and depollution, thermal insulation, dynamic shading, and noise mitigation. Therefore it is a good strategy and an innovative project for sustainable building and smart, civil management.
... The possibility to address grand challenges through science has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers over the last decade [16]. The researchers have approached this task from conceptual [17,18] and thematic perspectives [19,20]. Scientific research could offer new solutions to grand challenges [17]. ...
The global challenges faced by the humankind encompass access to clean and affordable energy for all, shifting to the green development path and tackling the consequences of climate change. Success in addressing the related goals relies on the concerted efforts of society at large, whereby researchers may offer new solutions and media could raise awareness and organize public discussions. This chapter examines the policy landscape created for addressing the global energy and environment goals, as defined in the international documents. Moreover, the chapter analyses attention given to these goals by researchers, business and media. More specifically, the chapter focuses on goals set in the legally binding universal agreements and conventions formulated and adopted by the United Nations: “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (SDGs or SG), the Paris Agreement (PA), the “Future We Want” Resolution (FWW), and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPI). Research methods include policy analysis and the smart big data analysis of thousands of publications on the topic. The authors highlight controversial policy issues, as well as relatively low attention to global energy challenges on behalf of mass media. Researchers address these challenges much more often, however, focus primarily on a few SDGs. The outcomes underline further steps to be taken by global and national policymakers.
... Akin to planned morphing wings of an aircraft, the next generation of tall buildings may include structural shapes that can morph according to their surrounding flow environment. Towards building more resilient cities in the future [8], there is a need that tall buildings can actively respond to the changing environmental conditions that have not been experienced or anticipated previously. Empowering buildings with such intelligence is a coveted goal in building smart cities of the future. ...
Burgeoning growth of tall buildings in urban areas around the world is placing new demands on their performance under winds. This involves selection of the building form that minimizes wind loads and structural topologies that efficiently transfer loads. Current practice is to search for optimal shapes, but this limits buildings with static or fixed form. Aerodynamic shape tailoring that consists of modifying the external form of the building has shown great promise in reducing wind loads and associated structural motions as reflected in the design of Taipei 101 and Burj Khalifa. In these buildings, corner modifications of the cross-section and tapering along the height are introduced. An appealing alternative is to design a building that can adapt its form to the changing complex wind environment in urban areas with clusters of tall buildings, i.e., by implementing a dynamic facade. To leap beyond the static shape optimization, autonomous dynamic morphing of the building shape is advanced in this study, which is implemented through a cyber–physical system that fuses together sensing, computing, actuating, and engineering informatics. This approach will permit a building to intelligently morph its profile to minimize the source of dynamic wind load excitation, and holds the promise of revolutionizing tall buildings from conventional static to dynamic facades by taking advantage of the burgeoning advances in computational design.
