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Response to stripe rust and powdery mildew of lines MY11 ( A ); CH13-21( B ) and TAI7047 ( C ) on the leaves of adult plants.
Source publication
A new wheat-Thinopyrum translocation line CH13-21 was selected from the progenies derived from a cross between wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploid TAI7047 and wheat line Mianyang11. CH13-21 was characterized by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), multicolor-GISH (mc-GISH), multicolor-fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH) and chr...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... and CH13-21 were resistance to all of these isolates (relative AUDPC < 1%), whereas the wheat parent MY11 was highly susceptible to both powdery mildew and stripe rust isolates (relative AUDPC > 90%). As shown in Figure 1, the similarity of final adult-plant resistance to two diseases were observed between TAI7047 and CH13-21. The results suggested the possibility that CH13-21 had retained the Th. ...
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Citations
... Of these genera, two species of Thinopyrum, i.e., Th. elongate and Th. intermedium, have been proven as especially valuable (Li and Wang 2009); substituting specific wheat chromosomal segments by homoeologous counterparts of either of the Thinopyrum species via conventional wide hybridization-based 'chromosome engineering' (Francki and Appels 2002;Ceoloni et al. 2005;Danilova et al. 2017), a rich set of pre-breeding materials were generated, and by which several major wheat cultivars were successfully released (Zhan et al. 2015;Zhang et al. 2021;Xiao et al. 2022;Guo et al. 2023a, b;Liu et al. 2023;Türkösi et al. 2023;Xu et al. 2023;Yang et al. 2023;Gong et al. 2024). ...
Main conclusion
Wheat lines harboring wild-relative chromosomes can be karyotypically unstable during long-term maintenance. Tissue culture exacerbates chromosomal instability but appears inefficient to induce somatic homoeologous exchange between alien and wheat chromosomes.
Abstract
We assessed if long-term refrigerator storage with regular renewal via self-fertilization, a widely used practice for crop germplasm maintenance, would ensure genetic fidelity of alien addition lines, and explored the possibility of inducing somatic homoeologues exchange by tissue culture. We cytogenetically characterized sampled stock seeds of originally confirmed 12 distinct wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium alien addition lines (dubbed TAI lines), and subjected immature embryos of the TAI lines to tissue culture. We find eight of the 12 TAI lines were karyotypically departed from their original identity as bona fide disomic alien addition lines due to extensive loss of whole-chromosomes of both Th. intermedium and wheat origins during the ca. 3-decade storage. Rampant numerical chromosome variations (NCVs) involving both alien and wheat chromosomes were detected in regenerated plants of all 12 studied TAI lines, but at variable rates among the wheat sub-genomes and chromosomes. Compared with NCVs, structural chromosome variations (SCVs) occurred at substantially lower rates, and no SCV involving the added alien chromosomes was observed. The NCVs manifested only moderate effects on phenotypes of the regenerated plants under field conditions.
... Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common and toxic fusarium mycotoxin, as well as the crucial virulence factor of F. graminosa infection . The rapid evolution and spread of new virulent wheat stripe rust races (Zhan et al., 2015), as well as limited FHB resistance sources, promote characterization and deployment of wild relatives to overcome these threats (Wang et al., 2020b). ...
Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilg. (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) potentially harbours useful genes that might contribute to the improvement of wheat. We describe M862 as a novel wheat-L. mollis alien disomic substitution line from a cross between wheat cv. 7182 and octoploid Tritileymus M47. Cytological observations indicate that M862 has a chromosome constitution of 2n = 42 = 21II. Two 4D chromosomes of wheat substituted by two L. mollis Ns chromosomes were observed, using the GISH and ND-FISH analyses. Molecular marker, 55K SNP array and wheat-P. huashanica liquid array (GenoBaits®WheatplusPh) analyses further indicate that the alien chromosomes are L. mollis 4Ns. Therefore, it was deduced that M862 was a wheat-L. mollis 4Ns(4D) alien disomic substitution line. There were also changes in chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2B and 5A detected by ND-FISH analysis. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the structural variation of 1D, 1A and 5A may have smaller impact on gene expression than that for 2B. In addition, a total of 16 markers derived from Lm#4Ns were developed from transcriptome sequences, and these proved to be highly effective for tracking the introduced chromosome. M862 showed reduced height, larger grains (weight and width), and was highly resistance to CYR32 and CYR34 stripe rust races at the seedling stage and mixed stripe rust races (CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34) at the adult stage. It was also resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). This alien disomic substitution line M862 may be exploited as an important genetic material in the domestication of stipe rust and FHB resistance wheat varieties.
... Here, the complete set of disomic addition lines from octaploid Trititrigia Xiaoyan 7430 has become an essential member. As far as the Triticum-Thinopyrum chromosome engineering materials with stripe rust resistant, the alien chromosomes or chromosome fragments have been mostly descended from Th. intermedium, such as 1 J in addition line W210 and 1JL-St in addition line W211 and W212 (Wang and Wang 2016), the short arm or the proximal region of the long arm of 7Ai-2 in substitution lines W44 and W52 (Friebe et al. 1992), the proximal region of 7J S S or 7J S L in translocation line Z4 (Lang et al. 2018), 6Ai#1L in translocation line CH13-21 (Zhan et al. 2015), segments of 3Ai in translocation lines CH4131 and CH4132 (Zheng et al. 2020), and group-6 or group-7 chromosome fragment in translocation line WTT11 (Yang et al. 2021b). In the present study, the addition line WTA55 was evaluated resistant to Pst race CYR34 at the seedling stages and races CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34 at the grain-filling stages, respectively. ...
Key message
Six wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum disomic addition lines derived from partial amphiploid Xiaoyan 7430 were identified using in situ hybridization and SNP microarray, the homoeologous group and stripe rust resistance of each alien chromosome were determined, and Th. ponticum chromosome-specific markers were developed.
Abstract
Xiaoyan 7430 is a significant partial amphiploid, which is used to set up a bridge for transferring valuable genes from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey into common wheat. To accelerate the application of these useful genes in enriching the genetic variability of cultivated wheat by chromosome engineering, a complete set of derived addition lines has been created from Xiaoyan 7430. The chromosome composition of each line was characterized by the combination of genomic in situ hybridization and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), and the homoeology of each alien chromosome was determined by wheat SNP microarray analysis. Addition line WTA55 with alien group-6 chromosome was evaluated resistant to stripe rust isolates at both the seedling and grain-filling stages (Zadoks scale at z.11 and z.73). Diagnostic marker analysis proved that it could carry a novel stripe rust resistance gene derived from Th. ponticum. Furthermore, a FISH probe and 45 molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes were developed based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Of which 27 markers were separately located on single alien chromosome, and some of them could be used to identify the derived translocation lines. This set of addition lines as well as the molecular markers and the FISH probe will promote the introgression of abundant variation from Th. ponticum into wheat in wheat improvement programs.
... intermedium partial amphiploids with common wheat. The resistance of all these new materials is believed to be derived from Th. intermedium (Friebe et al. 1992;Larkin et al. 1995;Zhan et al. 2015;Zheng et al. 2020). Among these lines, W44 has been determined to be a 7Ai-2(7D) substitution line by C-banding and is nearly immune to stripe rust. ...
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Xiaoyan 78829, a partial amphidiploid developed by crossing common wheat with Thinopyrum intermedium, is immune to wheat stripe rust. To transfer the resistance gene of this excellent germplasm resource to wheat, the translocation line WTT11 was produced by pollen irradiation and assessed for immunity to stripe rust races CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34. A novel stripe rust-resistance locus derived from Th. intermedium was confirmed by linkage and diagnostic marker analyses. Molecular cytogenetic analyses revealed that WTT11 carries a TTh·2DL translocation. The breakpoint of 1B was located at 95.5 MB, and the alien segments were found to be homoeologous to wheat-group chromosomes 6 and 7 according to a wheat660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. Ten previously developed PCR-based markers were confirmed to rapidly trace the alien segments of WTT11, and 20 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed to enable genotyping of Th. intermedium and common wheat. Evaluation of agronomic traits in two consecutive crop seasons uncovered some favorable agronomic traits in WTT11, such as lower plant height and longer main panicles, that may be applicable to wheat improvement. As a novel genetic resource, the new resistance locus may be useful for wheat disease-resistance breeding.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00060-3.
... Thereafter, Th. intermedium chromosomes have been introgressed into wheat, resulting in the production of wheat-Th. intermedium addition, substitution, and translocation lines (Forster et al., 1987;Chen et al., 1999;Yang et al., 2006;Zhan et al., 2015;Li et al., 2017). It is critical in germplasm enhancement to identify alien chromatin by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) (Chen et al., 1998(Chen et al., , 1999Chen, 2005) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (Chang et al., 2010;Li et al., 2015Li et al., , 2016Salina et al., 2015;Zhang et al., 2020). ...
Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJSJSStSt) is one of the important resources for the wheat improvement. So far, a few Th. intermedium (Thi)-specific molecular markers have been reported, but the number is far from enough to meet the need of identifying alien fragments in wheat-Th. intermedium hybrids. In this study, 5,877,409 contigs were assembled using the Th. intermedium genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. We obtained 5,452 non-redundant contigs containing mapped Thi-GBS markers with less than 20% similarity to the wheat genome and developed 2,019 sequence-tagged site (STS) molecular markers. Among the markers designed, 745 Thi-specific markers with amplification products in Th. intermedium but not in eight wheat landraces were further selected. The distribution of these markers in different homologous groups of Th. intermedium varied from 47 (7/12/28 on 6J/6St/6JS) to 183 (54/62/67 on 7J/7St/7JS). Furthermore, the effectiveness of these Thi-specific markers was verified using wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphidiploids, addition lines, substitution lines, and translocation lines. Markers developed in this study provide a convenient, rapid, reliable, and economical method for identifying Th. intermedium chromosomes in wheat. In addition, this set of Thi-specific markers can also be used to estimate genetic and physical locations of Th. intermedium chromatin in the introgression lines, thus providing valuable information for follow-up studies such as alien gene mining.
... Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy], Agropyron cristatum (L.), P. huashanica, and Thinopyrum intermedium has been conducted to generate many translocation lines in wheat breeding programs (Chen et al., 2013;Ye et al., 2015;Zhan et al., 2015;Zhang et al., 2015;Patokar et al., 2016;Han et al., 2020;Li et al., 2020). One strategy, which involved the use of 60 Co γ-radiation, the Chinese Spring ph1b mutant, gametocidal chromosomes originating from Aegilops, and backcrossing, was employed to produce the small-segment translocation line WR35 . ...
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng, a wild relative of common wheat with many desirable traits, is an invaluable source of genetic material for wheat improvement. Few wheat–P. huashanica translocation lines resistant to powdery mildew have been reported. In this study, a wheat–P. huashanica line, E24-3-1-6-2-1, was generated via distant hybridization, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, and backcross breeding. A chromosome karyotype of 2n = 44 was observed at the mitotic stage in E24-3-1-6-2-1. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis revealed four translocated chromosomes in E24-3-1-6-2-1, and P. huashanica chromosome-specific marker analysis showed that the alien chromosome fragment was from the P. huashanica 4Ns chromosome. Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated that reciprocal translocation had occurred between the P. huashanica 4Ns chromosome and the wheat 3D chromosome; thus, E24-3-1-6-2-1 carried two translocations: T3DS·3DL-4NsL and T3DL-4NsS. Translocation also occurred between wheat chromosomes 2A and 4A. At the adult stage, E24-3-1-6-2-1 was highly resistant to powdery mildew, caused by prevalent pathotypes in China. Further, the spike length, numbers of fertile spikelets, kernels per spike, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield of E24-3-1-6-2-1 were significantly higher than those of its wheat parent 7182 and addition line 24-6-3-1. Thus, this translocation line that is highly resistant to powdery mildew and has excellent agronomic traits can be used as a novel promising germplasm for breeding resistant and high-yielding cultivars.
... Numerous powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes have been identified in wheat and its relatives, and these genes have played a fundamental role in wheat breeding . Nevertheless, most resistance genes are quickly overcome due to rapid virulence changes in pathogen populations (Zhan et al., 2015). Therefore, it is extremely important to identify new resistance genes, especially broad-spectrum resistance genes, from wheat-related species. ...
... Adult stripe rust resistance trials were performed under field conditions over three growing seasons (2016-2019) using mixtures of Pst races from Shaanxi Province, including CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34 (Zhan et al., 2015). The races were inoculated by using the shaking powder method at the jointing stage with the mixed talcum powder at a 1:200 ratio after raining. ...
Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70), a member of the tertiary gene pool of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), harbors many biotic and abiotic stress resistance genes. CH10A5, a novel disomic substitution line from a cross of T. aestivum cv. 7182 and Th. ponticum, was characterized by cytogenetic identification, in situ hybridization, molecular marker analysis, and morphological investigation of agronomic traits and disease resistance. Cytological observations showed that CH10A5 contained 42 chromosomes and formed 21 bivalents at meiotic metaphase I. Genome in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis indicated that two of its chromosomes came from the Js genome of Th. ponticum, and wheat 15K array mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that chromosome 1D was absent from CH10A5. Polymorphic analysis of molecular markers indicated that the pair of alien chromosomes belonged to homoeologous group one, designated as 1Js. Thus, CH10A5 was a wheat–Th. ponticum 1Js (1D) disomic substitution line. Field disease resistance trials demonstrated that the introduced Th. ponticum chromosome 1Js was probably responsible for resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew at the adult stage. Based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq), 507 STS molecular markers were developed to distinguish chromosome 1Js genetic material from that of wheat. Of these, 49 STS markers could be used to specifically identify the genetic material of Th. ponticum. CH10A5 will increase the resistance gene diversity of wheat breeding materials, and the markers developed here will permit further tracing of heterosomal chromosome fragments in the future.
... Disease resistance genes from wild relatives of wheat play important roles in control of powdery mildew. Among the 25 wheat closely related genera, 14 demonstrated immunity to powdery mildew, including Secale [24], Aegilops [25], Thinopyrum [26], and Haynaldia villosa [27]. P. huashanica is also immune to powdery mildew but wheat-P. ...
Background:
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) carries many outstanding agronomic traits, therefore is a valuable resource for wheat genetic improvement. Wheat-P. huashanica translocation lines are important intermediate materials for wheat breeding and studying the functions of alien chromosomes. However, powdery mildew resistance in these translocation lines has not been reported previously.
Results:
This study developed a novel wheat-P. huashanica translocation line TR77 by selecting a F7 progeny from the cross between heptaploid hybrid H8911 (2n = 7x = 49, AABBDDNs) and durum wheat line Trs-372. Chromosome karyotype of 2n = 42 = 21II was observed in both mitotic and meiotic stages of TR77. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis identified two translocated chromosomes that paired normally at meiosis stage in TR77. Molecular marker analysis showed that part of chromosome 5D was replaced by part of alien chromosome fragment 5Ns. It meant replacement made part 5DL and part 5NsL·5NsS existed in wheat background, and then translocation happened between these chromosomes and wheat 3D chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that TR77 carries dual translocations: T3DS-5NsL·5NsS and T5DL-3DS·3DL. Analysis using a 15 K-wheat-SNP chip confirmed that SNP genotypes on the 5D chromosome of TR77 matched well with these of P. huashanica, but poorly with common wheat line 7182. The translocation was physically located between 202.3 and 213.1 Mb in 5D. TR77 showed longer spikes, more kernels per spike, and much better powdery mildew resistance than its wheat parents: common wheat line 7182 and durum wheat line Trs-372.
Conclusions:
TR77 is a novel stable wheat-P. huashanica T3DS-5NsL·5NsS and T5DL-3DS·3DL dual translocation line and showed significant improved spike traits and resistance to powdery mildew compared to its parents, thus, it can be an useful germplasm for breeding disease resistance and studying the genetic mechanism of dual translocations.
... Thus, many studies have aimed to identify new resistance genes in the relatives of wheat [41,42]. In previous studies, the resistance genes Pm7, Pm8, Pm17, and Pm20 were identified in rye, and Pm8 was utilized widely, although the effectiveness of its resistance has now been lost [43][44][45]. Pm21, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 6V in Haynaldia villosa (2n = 14, VV) and it is an excellent gene that confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew in wheat [46]. Zhan et al. [45] showed that alien chromosome fragments possessed genetic loci with resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust in wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines. ...
... Pm21, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 6V in Haynaldia villosa (2n = 14, VV) and it is an excellent gene that confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew in wheat [46]. Zhan et al. [45] showed that alien chromosome fragments possessed genetic loci with resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust in wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines. In addition, Li et al. [47] detected resistance genes in the 2P chromosome in Agropyron cristatum. ...
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that threatens wheat production throughout the world. Breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to reduce harm caused by powdery mildew. In this study, 35 wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica-derived lines were developed by crossing common wheat and P. huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) using embryo culture. Resistance to powdery mildew in the derived lines was identified at the seedling and adult stages. Line H5-5-4-2 was selected with immunity to powdery mildew at both growth stages. The chromosome structure of this line was characterized by cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and expressed sequence tag-sequence-tagged site (EST-STS) analysis. The chromosome configuration was 2n = 44 = 22II. Two P. huashanica chromosomes with strong hybridization signals were detected by GISH analysis. Among 83 EST-STS markers that covered all seven homologous groups in wheat, three pairs of STS markers, BE497584, BF202643, and BG262410, located in wheat homologous group 1 amplified clear specific bands related to P. huashanica. The results indicated that resistant line H5-5-4-2 was a wheat-P. huashanica 1Ns disomic addition line.
... While a range of molecular markers specific to the Th. intermedium genome have already been reported, such as simple sequence repeats (SSR) (Ayala-Navarrete et al. 2010), expressed sequence tags (EST) sequences (Wang et al. 2010;Danilova et al. 2017), PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers (Hu et al. 2014;Zhan et al. 2015) and specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF) markers (Li et al. 2016), their number is still limited and does not cover the whole Thinopyrum genome. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have been developed by exploiting recent advances in next-generation sequencing platforms to provide cheap and easy-to-use molecular markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes. ...
Abstract
Key message
Cytogenetic analysis and array-based SNP genotyping of wheat–Th. intermedium introgression lines allowed identification of 634 chromosome-specific SNP markers across all twenty-one chromosomes of Th. intermedium (StJrJvs, 2n=6x=42).
Abstract
Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, StJrJvs) is one of the most promising reservoirs of useful genes including tolerance to abiotic stresses, perenniality and disease resistance not available in the cultivated bread wheat. The transfer of genetic diversity from wild species to wheat offers valuable responses to the effects of climate change. The new array-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker technology provides cheap and easy-to-use molecular markers for marker- assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programmes. Here, we focus on the generation of a new chromosome-specific SNP marker set that can be used to characterize and identify the Th. intermedium chromosomes or chromosome segments transferred into wheat. A progressive investigation of marker development was conducted using 187 various newly developed wheat–Th. intermedium introgression lines and the Axiom® Wheat-Relative Genotyping array. We employed molecular cytogenetic techniques to clarify the genome constitution of the Th. intermedium parental lines and validated 634 chromo- some-specific SNPs. Our data confirmed the allohexaploid nature of Th. intermedium and demonstrated that the St genome- specific GISH signal and markers are present at the centromeric regions of chromosomes 1Jvs, 2Jvs, 3Jvs and 7Jvs. The SNP markers presented here will be introduced into current wheat improvement programmes, offering a significant speed-up in wheat breeding and making it possible to deal with the transfer of the full genetic potential of Th. intermedium into wheat.
