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Response (mean % time spent/field) of fecundated females of Phthorimaea operculella to volatiles released from different host plant species in a four-arm olfactometer. Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.05).
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Agroecosystems consist on complex trophic relationships among host plants, herbivores and their natural enemies. This article reviews the research of plant volatiles in Brazil, in order to determine multiple resistance mechanisms of economically important crops and to contribute to the understanding of insect-plant interactions. Most pest managemen...
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... can use volatiles as a cue to detect host plants ( Zhang et al. 1999, Kessler & Baldwin 2001, Baldwin 2001; however, this information has proved misleading. Females of the potato tuber moth P. operculella are strongly attracted to volatiles of damaged Lycopersicum hirsutum and Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) plants over those from healthy ones (Fig. 2). Similarly, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is attracted to damaged S. tuberosum plants ( Dickens 2002 (Fig. 3); time after volatile induction (Fig. 3); or the circadian rhythms of plants and insects (De Moraes et al. 2001). It is possible that volatile compounds indicate whether the ...
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Citations
... The oviposition behavior of the specie B. tabaci with the treatments applied suggests that these products are polar compounds that can serve as deterrents for oviposition. According to Arab & Bento, (2006), deterrent substances prevent the insect from continuing its oviposition due to the presence of volatiles. Based on the IPO values obtained, all the synthesized products were deterrent, compared to the control. ...
Hydrogenated cardanol derivatives were evaluated as potentially active insecticides/repellent agents against insect pests such as Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Benzoylation, acetylation, and methylation were made on the hydrogenated cardanol aromatic ring to synthesize active ingredients with potential insecticide action. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (13C and 1H NMR) and infrared (IR) proposed the chemical elucidation of the products. The production of melon seedlings was made and each synthesized products, benzoylated 3-pentadecylphenol, acetylated 3-pentadecylphenol, and methylated 3-pentadecylphenol were applied to seedlings by glass sprayer. Phytotoxicity evaluations were carried out, noting that all the plants showed burnt leaves except for concentration of 1% which the leaves remained healthy look. The insecticidal efficacy as well as the repellent and dissuasive effects were evaluated by a completely randomized design (DIC) and a randomized complete block design (DBCA) with six treatments, five and four replicates respectively. The compounds derived from cardanol did not present insecticidal activity in DBCA for L. sativae; however, they had a noticeable effect on oviposition index (IPO). Ovicidal effect and nymphal mortality only were found for B. tabaci by methylated 3-pentadecylphenol and Mospilan® in terms of dissuasion and oviposition effects in the two bioassays evaluated and, methylated 3-pentadecyl showed a similar behavior as the effect of Abamectin® on the confinement test, with 53.5% - 65.4% repellence of adults, an important data to emphasize that the products synthesized from cardanol are promising in preventing the pests attack such as L. sativae and, B. tabaci.
... In the current study, we found that M. similis females were attracted to both S. litura regurgitate-treated plants and S. litura-infested plants, but when given a choice among volatiles produced by healthy, mechanically damaged, regurgitate-treated, and S. liturainfested plants, they strongly preferred volatiles produced by S. litura-infested plants ( Figure 1). In response to damage caused by herbivorous insects, plants can regulate lipoxygenase, isoprenoid, and shikimate pathways in order to release compounds that attract natural enemies of herbivores for indirect defense [41]. This phenomenon has been previously reported. ...
Plants respond to herbivorous insect attacks by releasing volatiles that directly harm the herbivore or that indirectly harm the herbivore by attracting its natural enemies. Although the larvae of Spodoptera litura (the tobacco cutworm) are known to induce the release of host plant volatiles, the effects of such volatiles on host location by S. litura and by the parasitoid Microplitis similis, a natural enemy of S. litura larvae, are poorly understood. Here, we found that both the regurgitate of S. litura larvae and S. litura-infested cabbage leaves attracted M. similis. S. litura had a reduced preference for cabbage plants that had been infested with S. litura for 24 or 48 h. M. similis selection of plants was positively correlated with the release of limonene; linalool and hexadecane, and was negatively correlated with the release of (E)-2-hexenal and 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanato. S. litura selection of plants was positively correlated with the release of (E)-2-hexenal, 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanato, and decanal, and was negatively correlated with the release of limonene, nonanal, hexadecane, heptadecane, and octadecane. Our results indicate that host plant volatiles can regulate the behavior of S. litura and M. similis.
... Los compuestos volátiles vegetales se podrían utilizar como una alternativa adicional para integrarla en los programas de manejo integrado de plagas, la cual ofrece un enfoque nuevo y ambientalmente racional para la protección de cultivos (James, 2005;Arab & Bento, 2006;Martínez, 2013;Peñaflor & Bento, 2013). También podrían explotarse como una alternativa importante para el manejo de plagas con el fin de reducir la aplicación de insecticidas de síntesis utilizados para su control, disminuir la contaminación ambiental, aumentar la resistencia de las plantas a los insectos, particularmente la resistencia inducida, también puede ser manipulada con el uso de elicitores químicos de metabolitos secundarios, que confieren resistencia a los insectos (Sharma et al., 2012;Stenberg et al., 2015). ...
Objetivos.
Evaluar el efecto de la azadirachtina sobre la capacidad de búsqueda del parasitoide Encarsia formosa por volátiles provenientes de plantas de fríjol infestadas por Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Alcance.
La azadirachtina no afecta la capacidad de búsqueda de E. formosa.
Metodología.
Fue evaluado el efecto de la azadirachtina en dosis subletal sobre la capacidad de búsqueda del parasitoide E. formosa por volátiles provenientes de plantas de fríjol infestadas por T. vaporariorum.
Principales resultados.
Cuando T. vaporariorum fue asperjado con la dosis subletal de azadirachtina, el parasitoide E. formosa expuesto a residuos de azadirachtina continuó prefiriendo los olores de plantas de fríjol infestadas con T. vaporariorum a los de plantas no infestadas.
Conclusiones.
La azadirachtina aplicada en la dosis subletal no afecta la capacidad de búsqueda de E. formosa sobre T. vaporariorum.
... El uso de la tecnología de compuestos volátiles vegetales como una herramienta adicional en los programas de manejo integrado de plagas, ofrece un enfoque nuevo y ambientalmente racional para la protección de cultivos. Esta técnica implica el desarrollo de cebos que atraen organismos benéficos y la manipulación de procesos bioquímicos que inducen y regulan las defensas de las plantas, factores clave en la mejora de los programas de control contra plagas económicamente importantes (Arab y Bento, 2006). Los volátiles de plantas también se pueden usar para protegerlas contra patógenos e insectos plaga. ...
Las plantas producen y emiten compuestos orgánicos volátiles, generalmente son mezclas que están compuestas por terpenos, derivados de ácidos grasos y compuestos aromáticos. Los compuestos orgánicos volátiles sirven a las plantas para: reproducción, atraer polinizadores o dispersores de semillas, como defensa para repeler insectos o detener la colonización por bacterias y hongos fitopatógenos, para atraer enemigos naturales de herbívoros y como mensajeros intraespecíficos e interespecíficos. Las plantas emiten algunos volátiles especialmente cuando las partes vegetativas se exponen a estimulo abiótico o biótico. Considerando lo antes expuesto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, siendo el objetivo del presente trabajo dar a conocer la clasificación de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles de las plantas, describir y señalar las características de las técnicas de extracción e identificación de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles, presentar los avances reportados en la literatura científica acerca de estos compuestos inducidos por insectos y su situación actual en México.
... Gramineous plants are known to produce secondary metabolites that recruit stem borer parasitoids (Potting et al., 1995;Arab and Bento, 2006). Indeed, this is the case for maize and sorghum plants infested with B. fusca and C. partellus (Mutyambai et al., 2015). ...
... Indeed, this is the case for maize and sorghum plants infested with B. fusca and C. partellus (Mutyambai et al., 2015). Isolated volatiles from these plants are effective in recruiting the braconid parasitoids Cotesia sesamiae Cameron and Cotesia flavipes Cameron, and the ichneumonid Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Arab and Bento, 2006). ...
... These compounds may possess antimicrobial and antiherbivore activity, also repelling microorganisms and animals or attracting natural predators, protecting the plant through tritrophic interactions (Hammer, Carson, & Riley, 2003;Arab & Bento, 2006;Lucas-Barbosa, Loon, & Dicke, 2011), which also suggests their involvement in the protection of the reproductive parts of plants during flowering (Kessler, Halitschke, & Poveda, 2011;Parra-Garcés, Caroprese-Araque, Arrieta-Prieto, & Stashenko, 2010). On the other hand, like all inheritable characters, chemical compounds that make up scents may also reflect the taxonomic affinities of a species. ...
Volatile compounds play a vital role in the life cycle of plants, possessing antimicrobial and anti-her-bivore activities, and with a significant importance in the food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to identify the volatile compounds emitted by flowers of thirteen species belonging to four gen-era of Bromeliaceae, using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction and detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 71 volatile compounds belonging to nine chemical groups were identified. The compounds identified represented more than 97 % of the major components in Aechmea bicolor, Ae. bromeliifolia, Ae. distichantha, Ae. fasciata, and Vriesea friburgensis. In the Ananas varieties, over 99 % of the components were identified, and around 90 % in V. simplex. V. friburgensis presented the largest diversity of volatiles with 31 compounds, while Alcantarea nahoumii presented only 14. All three Ananas varieties presented the same 28 compounds in relatively similar abundance, which has been confirmed by principal component analysis. Current taxonomy and pollination syndrome studies available can adequately explain the variation in volatile compounds among species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 1101-1116. Epub 2016 September 01.
... Plant volatiles are derived from a complex of biochemical processes and some of these compounds appear to be common in different plant species (Arab and Bento, 2006). ...
The coccinelid predators (Coccinella undecimpunctata and Coccinella sptempunctata) were more abundant species on the tested host plants than Chrysoperla carnea and Eupeodes corolla (F) .The coccinelid predators greatly preferred white bean over cowpea and squash. However, the chrysopid predator, Chry. carnea greatly preferred white bean over squash and cowpea plants. E. corolla (F) showed more preferability to cowpea than white bean or squash plants. In respect to the preference of predators for their prey, Chrysoperla Carnea and E. corolla (F) greatly preferred aphids and whitefly over leafhopper. On contrary, coccinelid predators showed highest degrees of preference to leafhoppers and aphids than whitefly.
... host, depending not only on the quantity of these compounds but also on the quality of these compounds (Hoballah et al. 2002). Using these plant volatiles is one of the new and environmentally safe approaches for pest management (Arab and Bento 2006 ), including the management of stored-product insects. These approaches are used when problems are associated with the indiscriminate use of chemical control, such as insect resistance, toxic residues in food, environmental contamination, and toxicity on non-target organisms (Hamacher et al. 2002; Saber et al. 2004; Pimentel et al. 2007). ...
The flight behavioral responses of males and females of Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to corn kernel volatiles, in a wind tunnel, and the determination and identification of the active compounds of corn kernel volatiles were investigated. A wind tunnel bioassay was carried out to test the response of males and females to 15, 30, 60, and 120 g equivalents of corn kernel volatiles. Gas chromatography-electroantennography was used to determine which components in corn kernel volatiles elicited an EAD response using male and female antennae. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was used to identify the active compounds of corn kernel volatiles. A 60-g equivalent of corn kernel volatiles elicited attractant behavior of unmated males to landing near the source. Mated males and virgin females were not attracted to corn kernel volatiles. The number of mated females landing was significantly higher in 60- and 120-g equivalents of corn kernel volatiles, compared to the other concentrations and the control. The antennae of males and females responded to four active compounds of corn kernel volatiles. Three of these compounds were identified, namely nonanal, decanal, and geranyl acetone. It is suggested that host finding and selection by S. cerealella is associated with its host volatiles.
... A agricultura tem promovido a transformação dos ecossistemas naturais estáveis em ecossistemas artificiais instáveis, também chamado de agroecossistemas, nos quais as características de auto-regulação inerentes às comunidades naturais são perdidas em função das perturbações também inerentes ao processo produtivo, e assim, requerendo intervenção humana constante (AGUIAR-MENEZES & MENEZES, 2005). Estes agroecossistemas consistem em complexas relações tróficas entre plantas hospedeiras, herbívoros e seus inimigos naturais (ARAB & BENTO, 2006). Assim, o estudo das relações tritróficas é de grande importância para o entendimento e conhecimento básico da biodiversidade, permitindo as tomadas de decisões sobre o emprego de inimigos naturais para o controle mais eficiente das pragas (ANDORNO et al., 2007). ...
... A identificação e manipulação de compostos químicos que mediam atividades entre plantas, herbívoros e inimigos naturais oferecem uma gama de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle de pragas que sejam menos agressivas ao meio ambiente. A utilização de voláteis de plantas no manejo integrado de pragas é uma estratégia adicional e ecologicamente sustentável no controle de pragas (ARAB & BENTO, 2006). Entretanto, é necessário um conhecimento profundo dos diferentes voláteis induzidos e como eles são regulados. ...
... Essa técnica envolve a possibilidade de utilização de iscas como atraentes de organismos benéficos, e a manipulação dos processos bioquímicos que induzem e regulam as defesas em plantas. A determinação dos mecanismos responsáveis pela defesa indireta de plantas resultará em avanços significativos no controle biológico de pragas (ARAB & BENTO, 2006). ...
The success of life on Earth represents the success of biotic interactions among organisms existing. The ecological interactions can be variable, both in the types of organisms that are related in some way, as the results of these interactions. The relationships among three trophic levels are called tritrophic interactions and occur within a physical and chemical environment spatially diverse and dynamic, which include all the various interactions of the attack and defense between trophic levels, as well as inter and intra-specific interactions within each trophic level. In tritrophic systems, the interactions are complex and are mediated form of physical, chemical or semiochemical. The understanding of tritrophic interactions should be used as a tool for the improvement of programs integrated pest management in the pursuit of conservation of relationships between organisms belonging to the trophic system, giving greater impetus to agroecosystem. To maintain the health of crops in agroecosystems, it is necessary to promote the natural balance of the populations directly involved in this process. The dynamic interactions between plants, herbivores, natural enemies, and physical environment must be known and understood, these relations are morphological, physiological or behavioral, to improve crop yields, since the activities of agents of control in crops is a challenge for the future of biocontrol. The study of tritrophic relations should be among the first steps in pest control programs. However, the potential benefits of these interactions and their application in agricultural systems remain mostly unknown. The understanding of tritrophic interactions allows favoring predators and parasitoids strategies in integrated pest management and should be used as an important tool for the improvement of programs for integrated pest management.
... or new perspectives generated for the management of insects in agriculture (Karban and Baldwin 1997;Arab and Bento 2006;Turlings and Ton 2006;Cook et al. 2007). ...
... Additionally, the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of plant volatiles has indicated the possibility of developing varieties with a greater defensive potential, which can express such characteristic either constantly or inductively (Agelopoulos 1999;Turlings and Ton 2006). However, there is a consensus that many studies are still necessary for establishing an effective field strategy (Karban and Baldwin 1997;Turlings and Ton 2006;Arab and Bento 2006;Cook et al. 2007). ...
