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Source publication
Objectives
To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and work on the mental health and wellbeing of pharmacists in Nigeria and investigate the risk of exhaustion, disengagement, burnout, and their associated factors.
Methods
This was an online cross-sectional study among pharmacists that involved the use of mental health and wellbeing questio...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... respondents were asked to rate their enjoyment of work on a scale of 'I really enjoy my work' to 'I really don't enjoy my work,' a wide range of responses were received, with the majority of respondents on the more positive end of the scale. More than two-thirds of respondents (78.2%) said they either enjoyed or really enjoyed their work, compared to 6.8% who reported that they did not enjoy or really enjoyed their work (Figure 1). The risk of burnout was highest among those who did not enjoy their jobs (96.0%, 24/25) compared to 62.4% (141/226) among those who did. ...
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Methods
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Citations
... Pharmacists experience significant mental burden while providing care to patients, which has a detrimental impact on their psychological health. The prevalence of burnout in the pharmacy industry has gained recognition, as numerous studies have demonstrated substantial impact of work-related burnouts and stress on pharmacists [4]. In the United States, a significant proportion of pharmacists face excessive workloads and job stress, with more than half experiencing high levels of workload burden and 61.2% pharmacists reporting burnout in the workplace. ...
... In this research project, a significant proportion of subjects (41.6%) reported experiencing financial difficulties, which was followed by concerns regarding contracting and transmitting COVID-19 to others. This finding aligns with the results of a study conducted among pharmacists in Nigeria [4]. The adverse effects of work on pharmacists result in dissatisfaction and potential turnover, ultimately impacting their mental health and potentially leading to the development of a negative attitude [24]. ...
... The experience of burnout has led nearly half of the pharmacists to have feelings of depression and or hopelessness, as well as a sense of dissatisfaction when things are not done perfectly or according to specific expectations. As a result, there is an urgent need for mental health support for pharmacists as well as other health professionals, particularly for those in developing countries where they are inadequate as burnout among pharmacists and loss in productivity [27], have been determined to be of a great propensity to leave one's current practice while still actively employed [4]. The present study differs from previous research piloted in Nepal as this study not only detected the impact of COVID-19 on mental health but also wellbeing. ...
Background: Due to COVID-19, pharmacists have been exposed to a variety of dangers that have an impact on their mental health. The study highlights that impact of COVID-19 and work led to burnout among them. Thus, it is necessary to offer mental health services.
Aims: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on the work of pharmacy professionals and ascertain the extent of the influence of burnout on mental health among pharmacists working as frontline health providers in Nepal.
Methods: Pharmacists from Province 2, 3, and 5 in Nepal participated in a self-administered questionnaire that assessed mental health and wellbeing and burnout using 16-item OLBI. Data was collected from January, 2023-March, 2023. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression were employed to identify any significant connections between burnout and mental health and wellbeing.
Results: Out of 243 participants, COVID-19 pandemic and work was found to have a negative impact on the mental health and wellbeing of a 33.7% of pharmacists. Participants reported having financial issues in 41.6% of cases and 9.5% considered leaving the profession and were concerned about the provision of service quality and making mistakes at work. A strong and meaningful positive relationship and linear regression were observed between exhaustion, disengagement, burnout, mental health and wellbeing. Pharmacists working part-time (p<.050) in hospital settings experienced burnout as a result of insufficient training, extended working hours, and stress both on and off the job.
Conclusions: Pharmacists are to prioritize a healthy work-life balance, which includes avoiding prolonged shifts >8hours, regular physical exercise and promote open communication among colleagues to address workplace concerns.
... Recently, a national study conducted in Nigeria showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health and well-being of pharmacists leading to fatigue and burnout. These symptoms are shown to be associated with work-related factors such as work environment and full-time employment (Hedima et al., 2022). A study on community pharmacists showed that 44.8% of respondents reported depression, 53.3% reported anxiety, and 25.4% reported stress during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (Samir AlKudsi et al., 2022). ...
As frontline workers, pharmacists often face significant work stress, especially in psychiatric settings. A multicenter cross-sectional design was conducted in 41 psychiatric hospitals. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) was used to measure the mental health of 636 pharmacists. We also collected demographic data and work-related variables. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 20.60%, 22.96% and 8.96%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that several common factors were associated with depression, anxiety and stress, including professional identity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.132, 0.381 and 0.352) and verbal violence (OR = 2.068, 2.615 and 2.490). Those who were satisfied with their job were less likely to develop depression (OR = 0.234) or anxiety (OR = 0.328). We found specific factors associated with mental health. Older age (OR = 1.038) and perceived negative impact (OR = 2.398) of COVID-19 on medical work were associated with anxiety, and those with frontline experience with COVID-19 patients (OR = 2.306) were more likely to experience stress. More than one-fifth of pharmacists in psychiatric hospitals experienced symptoms of depression or anxiety during the pandemic, highlighting the need for policy change to improve workplace conditions and psychological well-being for this professional group.
... 28 Survey results suggest general consistencies with previous surveys investigating burnout, both pre and post-pandemic, among unique and varied samples of the international pharmacist workforce including but not limited to: Canada, 29 the USA, 30,31 U.K, 32 Australia, 33 Japan 34 and Nigeria. 35 The taskforce's immediate focus was to develop strategies to support pharmacists' occupational psychological health and wellbeing, with the understanding that significant delays in the identification, dissemination and implementation of resources and/or interventions (R&I) could negatively impact on retention of professionals within the workforce. To expedite efforts, a working group from the taskforce comprised of four pharmacists with diverse professional experience, background and geographical location was formed to identify R&I geared toward occupational psychological health and wellbeing. ...
Background
Pharmacists have experienced declines in psychological health and wellbeing post-pandemic. The phenomena of moral distress, disengagement and burnout are associated with workforce attrition, unfitness to practice and inferior quality of patient care. A working group of the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPhA) was formed to identify resources and interventions (R&I) for occupational psychological health and wellbeing.
Objective
To characterize R&I from an evidence-based national health worker ‘burnout’ Toolkit with potential to support the pharmacy workforce.
Methods
All R&I included within a draft ‘burnout’ Toolkit from the Canadian Health Workforce Network (CHWN) were screened to determine relevancy and usefulness for the pharmacy workforce. R&I with higher grades were data-charted to capture information on topic and content delivery. Final R&I were determined through consensus meetings where ‘highly rated’ R&I were discussed and selected.
Results
Of 140 original CHWN Toolkit R&I, 53 (37.8%) were of potential relevance or usefulness to improve well-being for most in the pharmacy workforce. Of those 53 R&I, 28 (20% of original) were final selections. The majority of R&I at each stage were focused on ‘preventing burnout’ and ‘promoting mental health’ (>60%) rather than ‘addressing burnout’, ‘supporting recovery’ or managing specific issues in the workplace (i.e. stigma, discrimination, bullying, hostility, workload). No R&I were specifically developed or studied within the pharmacy workforce.
Conclusions
Health professions may benefit from the CHWN Toolkit and the knowledge translation activity described here. R&I relevant and useful to the pharmacy workforce generally require adaptation for dissemination and/or implementation. The set of final R&I form the basis for orchestrated plans to support the pharmacy workforce with respect to psychological health and wellbeing. There is a relative lack of R&I devoted to addressing and recovering from burnout and workload management issues.
... Collectively, the team decided on a broad term to collect as much detail about pharmacists' mental well-being. Additionally, both clinical and non-clinical constructs hold considerable implications on a pharmacist's well-being (e.g., sickness absence) and commitment to the profession (e.g., intention to leave) [13][14][15]. Furthermore, 'antecedents' are broadly defined as factors that could positively or negatively influence mental health. ...
... Most of the studies in this review were cross-sectional studies (n = 19) [3,14,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], including two that were mixed-methods [15,22]. Additionally, there was one prospective cohort study [35] and three qualitative studies [36][37][38]. ...
... Nine studies (39%) were conducted in Asia (China [20,30], Jordan [29], Lebanon [23,27], Pakistan [21], Qatar [38], and Saudi Arabia [22]) and six studies (26%) were from European countries (France [35], Portugal [32], Serbia [25,34], Spain [31], and the United Kingdom [15]). Four studies (17.4%) were conducted in North America (Puerto Rico [37] and the United States [19,24,26]), two studies (8.7%) were from Africa (Ethiopia [28] and Nigeria [14]), and two from Australia [33,36]. Almost 75% (n = 17) of the studies were conducted in 2020 [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]28,30,31,[33][34][35][36][37]. ...
Healthcare workers have been under a great deal of stress and have been experiencing burnout throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these, healthcare workers are pharmacists who have been instrumental in the fight against the pandemic. This scoping review examined the impact of the pandemic on pharmacists' mental health and their antecedents using three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO). Eligible studies included primary research articles that examined the mental health antecedents and outcomes among pharmacists during the first two years of the pandemic. We used the Social Ecological Model to categorize antecedents per outcome. The initial search yielded 4165 articles, and 23 met the criteria. The scoping review identified pharmacists experiencing poor mental health during the pandemic, including anxiety, burnout, depression, and job stress. In addition, several individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy-level antecedents were identified. As this review revealed a general decline in pharmacists' mental health during the pandemic, further research is required to understand the long-term impacts of the pandemic on pharmacists. Furthermore, we recommend practical mitigation strategies to improve pharmacists' mental health, such as implementing crisis/pandemic preparedness protocols and leadership training to foster a better workplace culture.
... Mental Health and Well-Being. We modified the Mental Health and Well-being Scale (Hedima et al., 2022) as a 10-item questionnaire. Respondents were asked to quantify the extent to which mental symptoms and distress problems during the COVID-19 pandemic included feeling upset, anxiety, depression, insomnia, meaningless, absent in work, feeling of physical uncomfortable, and crying at work, along with social dysfunction, among others. ...
... Compared to previous studies involving healthcare workers and pharmacists, our participants had a lower level of COVID-19-related concerns (Van Wert et al., 2022) and higher scores for mental health and well-being (Hedima et al., 2022). The school setting was an environment with a relatively low risk of contracting COVID-19. ...
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between job stressors, COVID-19-related concerns, burnout, and mental health and well-being among school nurses, and whether any of these associations are mediated by burnout. Based on stratified proportional sampling, data collection was conducted by an online questionnaire distributed to 600 school nurses in Taiwan. A total of 256 participants aged between 27 and 62 years (mean = 47.08; standard deviation = 7.28) returned questionnaires. Results showed that burnout was the main mediating variable that fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related concerns and mental health and well-being. The effects of job stressors on mental health and well-being included direct negative effects (β = −.29) and indirect negative effects (β = −.67) through mediating factors. School health managers should be more aware of burnout and mental health and well-being among school nurses under the impact of COVID-19.
A BSTRACT
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the frontline healthcare providers faced significant mental health stressors. Previous pandemics have revealed the need for psychosocial support and healthy coping mechanisms to mitigate mental health risks.
Aim
The study aimed to assess psychological impact and supportive mechanisms experienced by frontline healthcare workers treating COVID-19 patients in Kaduna State.
Methods
This study involved 38 frontline healthcare providers mainly from Kaduna State Infectious Disease Treatment Center. Participants’ mental health burden was captured through Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mental health facilitators were assessed through six tools: Ten-Item Values Inventory, healthy defense section of the Defense Style Questionnaire, Existential Anxiety Questionnaire, Brief Resilience Scale, Oslo Social Support Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index.
Results
The mean age of the study participants was 35.5 ± 6.6 years, with the majority being males (68.4%) and doctors (39.5%). More than a quarter of the participants showed appreciable symptoms of depression and anxiety. Psychosocial facilitators such as moral values, openness to change, self-transcendence, sublimation, anticipation, and humor scored above average for more than half of the participants. Most participants demonstrated moderate resilience and social support, with few experiencing sleep challenges. Comparisons of variables indicated “openness to change” was significantly higher among males, whereas symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with higher levels of existential concerns and sleep challenges.
Conclusion
Our study finds that Nigerian frontline health workers experienced significant mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. It identified specific facilitators linked to gender and psychological burdens, informing the need for tailored support interventions.
