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Resonance Raman spectroscopy of H. lacustris cells incubated with mixture of ¹³CO2 and ¹²CO2. (a) Incubation timeline of H. lacustris cells with ¹³CO2 and ¹²CO2 gases mixed at various ratios. (b) Resonance Raman spectra of H. lacustris cells incubated at various ¹³CO2 ratios. (c) Raman shifts of the peaks (ν2a, ν2b, ν1) against the ratio of ¹³CO2 in the incubation atmosphere
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Cellular metabolites are valuable in a diverse range of applications. For example, the unicellular green alga Haematococcus lacustris produces as a secondary metabolite the carotenoid pigment astaxanthin (AXT), which is widely used in nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries due to its strong antioxidant activity. In order to enhance the produc...
Citations
... The culture conditions were the same as in the preconditioning stage. After that, standard air with 12 CO 2 and 13 CO 2 was filtered and injected every day, with a flow rate of about 0.6 L/min and a ventilation time of 30 mins (Yonamine et al., 2020). Samples were taken for analysis after 1 (initial), 6, and 12 days of culture. ...
Metabolic fluxes (MF) serve as the functional phenotypes of biochemical processes and are crucial to describe the distribution of precursors within metabolic networks. There is a lack of experimental observations for carbon flux towards lipids, which is important for biodiesel generation. Here, the accumulation of lipid, and MF in Tetradesmus obliquus under nitrogen deficiency stress (NF) using a 13C isotope tracer at different time intervals was investigated. The 13C based MF showed enhanced de novo synthesis of G3P and PEP, indicating increased carbon flux from CO2 into lipid synthesis. An increase in palmitic acid (3500 μmol/mg), linoleic acid (2100 μmol/mg), and oleic acid (2000 μmol/mg) was observed. The accumulation of C16:0 under NF was mainly related to de novo synthesis while C18:3 was accumulated through a non de novo pathway. Under NF stress, T. obliquus had higher flux in PPP and glycolysis pathway, together, it might provide more NADPH and substrate acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis.
... Indeed, metabolic fluxes respond to changes in environmental conditions and nutrients during the life cycle. Therefore, cell engineering is the major strategy to manage cellular mechanisms (Yonamine et al. 2020). Genetic modifications on both mechanisms of utilization of nutrients and accumulating metabolites is a promising direction to enhance astaxanthin production efficiency (Ren et al. 2021;Villaro et al. 2021). ...
... In this regard, stable isotopes are promising probes to label a substrate and follow its changes. As microalgae use CO 2 , labeling C atoms in CO 2 is a promising strategy to understand the formation of carbon sources to astaxanthin (Yonamine et al. 2020). In order to achieve maximum productivity, each parameter that affects biomass accumulation and target product synthesis needs to be considered. ...
Haematococcus species are considered as the natural sources for biologically active compounds. These algae can survive under different environmental conditions and have the ability to change their metabolite contents according to the changing factors. Furthermore, their biomass and specific metabolite production capacities can be controlled by modifying the genetics or by manipulating the cultivation parameters such as medium composition, temperature, light intensity, etc. Today, these microalgal cells present suitable platforms to produce polymers, proteins, pigments, and lipids. Thus, they have an important place in food/beverage, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. In this context, each step of the manufacturing process has noticeable effects to ensure successful top-ranked production. Therefore, in order to reach more suitable production systems, the investigation of these microalgae and their metabolites should be carried out from eco-friendly approach. Recently, there is a significant increase in the number of studies in this topic, especially between the years 2010–2022. In this chapter, Haematococcus algae are considered with a special emphasis on future applications.Keywords
Haematococcus
AstaxanthinNatural sourceMicroalgal productionAlgal product
... Indeed, metabolic fluxes respond to changes in environmental conditions and nutrients during the life cycle. Therefore, cell engineering is the major strategy to manage cellular mechanisms (Yonamine et al. 2020). Genetic modifications on both mechanisms of utilization of nutrients and accumulating metabolites is a promising direction to enhance astaxanthin production efficiency Villaro et al. 2021). ...
... In this regard, stable isotopes are promising probes to label a substrate and follow its changes. As microalgae use CO 2 , labeling C atoms in CO 2 is a promising strategy to understand the formation of carbon sources to astaxanthin (Yonamine et al. 2020). In order to achieve maximum productivity, each parameter that affects biomass accumulation and target product synthesis needs to be considered. ...
Haematococcus is a genus of green microalgae widely distributed in freshwater and seawater and well known for their ability to produce astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant with diverse applications. Eight species have been assigned to this genus based on a recent genetic classification and among them Haematococcus lacustris (previously named Haematococcus pluvialis) is the most studied. This species is regarded as the most promising microalgae for the production of natural astaxanthin. It is also known for its ability to synthesize other interesting bioactive compounds with a wide range of biological activities. The present work highlights the diverse therapeutic applications of Haematococcus bioactive molecules such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, skin protection, treatment and prevention of cancer, treatment of eye and neurodegenerative diseases, and immune stimulation.KeywordsAstaxanthinAntioxidantAnti-inflammationCancer preventionNeurodegenerative diseases
... Indeed, metabolic fluxes respond to changes in environmental conditions and nutrients during the life cycle. Therefore, cell engineering is the major strategy to manage cellular mechanisms (Yonamine et al. 2020). Genetic modifications on both mechanisms of utilization of nutrients and accumulating metabolites is a promising direction to enhance astaxanthin production efficiency Villaro et al. 2021). ...
... In this regard, stable isotopes are promising probes to label a substrate and follow its changes. As microalgae use CO 2 , labeling C atoms in CO 2 is a promising strategy to understand the formation of carbon sources to astaxanthin (Yonamine et al. 2020). In order to achieve maximum productivity, each parameter that affects biomass accumulation and target product synthesis needs to be considered. ...
Covers recent topics of algae from bionanopesticides to genetic engineering
Presents algal biotechnology, updated food processing techniques and Biochemistry of Haematococcus
Offers information on the less explored areas of in silico therapeutic and clinical applications
Ninety-two years have passed since the discovery of the Raman effect, and there are currently more than 25 different types of Raman-based techniques. The past two decades have witnessed the blossoming of Raman spectroscopy as a powerful physicochemical technique with broad applications within the life sciences. In this review, we critique the use of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for quantitative metabolomics. We overview recent developments of Raman spectroscopy for identification and quantification of disease biomarkers in liquid biopsy, with a focus on the recent advances within surface-enhanced Raman scattering–based methods. Ultimately, we discuss the applications of imaging modalities based on Raman scattering as label-free methods to study the abundance and distribution of biomolecules in cells and tissues, including mammalian, algal, and bacterial cells.
Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 14 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
