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Resistivity measurement principles with a four-electrode configuration

Resistivity measurement principles with a four-electrode configuration

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... current is sent by means of two grounded electrode, called current electrodes "A" and "B" placed at two selected points, electrons start to flow through the earth's subsurface from the negative to the positive terminals of the current source. The potential differences are measured by another two potential electrodes called "M" and "N" (see Fig. 2). If the ground is heterogeneous, the resulting resistivity obtained using Eq. (2) for any of the different types of configurations is called apparent resistivity (ρ a ) that constitutes a weighted average of the true resistivity. Geoelectrical data are commonly expressed as apparent ...

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Приведены результаты комплексных исследований впервые выявленных в продуктах современного вулканизма частиц абиогенных конденсированных органических соединений (органоидов), трактующихся как предбиологические формы, эволюция которых в геологическом прошлом могла привести к возникновению жизни на Земле. Охарактеризованы морфология, окраска, внутренн...

Citations

... This allows for a more flexible and accurate description of the loaded region with respect to the existing formulations in which nonuniform surface loads are approximated by means of discs (Elósegui et al., 2003) or rectangles (Becker and Bevis, 2004;Mojzeš et al., 2012). ...
... Our aim is to further generalize the solution contributed by Becker and Bevis (2004) by considering loaded regions of arbitrary polygonal shape since this case is very useful in practical applications (Elósegui et al., 2003;Bevis et al., 2005;Steckler et al., 2010;Mojzeš et al., 2012). ...