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Research methodology: Prototype model.

Research methodology: Prototype model.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of life, one of which is education. In some certain areas, at this time the government has issued an interim policy that education provider institutions such as college, schools and its kind to conduct learning activities from home. The existence of this policy makes a change in learning patterns t...

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... result are made to satisfy and understand needs better. The process of prototype mode illustrated in Figure 1. ...

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... Other studies have offered some generalizable solutions to online learning problems in a way that designs online learning systems for use across contexts. For instance, Ardimansyah & Widianto (2021) designed an online learning media on the basis of a Telegram chatbot. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, Ploj-Virtič et al. (2021) in their study sought to develop an online learning model named Forced Distance Online Learning Preferences. ...
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The offline-to-online transformation of learning in the new normal era leaves complexity for English teachers. Hence, this qualitative study aimed to uncover the complexity of English online learning in terms of implementation, English teachers’ perspectives, technological tools, problems, causes of the problems, and related solutions. English teacher participants were observed and interviewed, and the data were analyzed interactively. This study revealed that the English teachers executed online learning from planning, and implementation, to evaluation. They perceived English online learning as positive because of its convenience during the condition of Covid-19 outbreak, but they also considered it negative due to their insufficient technical knowledge and experiences. They utilized WhatsApp, email, Google Forms, zoom, Ruang Guru platform, and Instagram as the media. However, they had some problems, such as difficulty in delivering English materials online, difficulty in managing their online classes, and weak internet connections. These problems were caused by the lack of supporting facilities and technological competencies. As solutions, they dynamically chose ideal locations for learning with good internet connections, asked for help from fellow teachers, and metacognitively learned about learning technology from the Internet. Further studies are expected to involve more participants and be conducted with a mixed-method design.
... While in study by Tsidylo et al. (2020) reported that the students can learn independently while the lecturer can supervise their students' progress through the bot during COVID-19 lockdown in Ukraine. As for the use of Telegram bot in supporting teaching and learning of programming course, the study by Ardimansyah & Widianto, (2021) reported that it was shown beneficial for students who do not focus on online learning with synchronous mode. ...
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