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Reproductive structures of Myrothecium: (A) and (B) growth patterns on PDA of M. roridum (Myr.01) e M. verrucaria (Myr.02); (C) conidia and conidiophores of M. roridum (400X) and (D) and (E) sporodochia of de M. roridum (Myr.01), (5 e and 50X).
Source publication
Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria are two plant pathogenic species causing foliar spots in a large number of cultivated plants. This paper aims to study the causal agents of foliar spots in vegetable crops (sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber), ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum wallisii, Solidago canadensis, Anthurium andreanum, Dieffenbachia amoe...
Context in source publication
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Asteraceae is a group of plants with high species diversity, with about 25.000 species become members of this family worldwide. This family has many potential uses such as medicinal plants, ornamental plants and weeds. Tawangmangu is an area with unspoiled environmental conditions, where Asteraceae plants are found either wildly or deliberately cul...
Citations
... M. roridum has been isolated from bottle gourd, Indian gourd, red gourd, sponge gourd, pumpkin, and melon seeds. M. roridum has purportedly been blamed for anthurium necrosis in Brazil [22]. When a host cell dies, this pathogen can still produce poisons and colonise the dead cell [23,24]. ...
This experiment was executed at College of Horticulture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during 2019-21. This experiment was conducted to estimate the variation present among the isolates of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot of bael against leaf spot of bael. The fungus produces branched aseptate and greenish mycelia, conidiophores & mycelium were branched, aseptate, greenish & conidia were hyaline. Conidiophores were branching twice or thrice, and each branch gave rise to almost two to five phialides in whorls. Among all the five isolates, isolate Mr2 (6.12 & 2.16m) had the smallest length and width & Mr5 (7.80 & 3.45m) had the longest, according to the mean.
... could benefical as various Myrothecium spp. are broad host range foliar plant pathogens (Quezado Duval et al., 2010) Decreased levels of Exserohilum spp., could also be favorable for banana as Exserohilum rostratum causes banana leaf spot in China (Lin et al., 2011). However decreased levels of Nigrospora spp. ...
Introduction
Natural weed cover and a legume cover crop were examined to determine if they could impact soil fungal diversity as an indicator of soil quality in banana production.
Methods
Banana in Yunnan Province, China, was grown under three treatments: conventional tillage (bare soil), natural weed cover (primarily goosegrass ( Eleusine indica (L.) Gaerth)), or a cover crop (Siratro ( Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb.)). Analysis of the soil fungal communities between 2017 and 2020 was done by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing.
Results
Most significant effects were in the intercropping area for the treatments, whereas it was rarely observed in the furrow planted with banana. Based on the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, soil fungal diversity in the intercropping area significantly decreased following planting banana in 2017 with all three treatments. However, both the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices showed that there were significant increases in fungal soil diversity in 2019 and 2020 with natural weed cover or Siratro compared to bare soil. At the end of the experiment, significant increases in fungal genera with Siratro compared to bare soil were observed with Mortierella , Acremonium , Plectophaerella , Metarhizium and Acrocalymma , and significant decreases were observed with Fusicolla , Myrothecium , Exserohilum , Micropsalliota and Nigrospora . Siratro resulted in higher stability of the soil fungal microbiome by increasing the modularity and the proportion of negative co-occurrences compared to bare soil. For fungal guilds, Siratro significantly increased saprotrophs_symbiotrophs in 2019 and 2020 and significantly decreased pathogens_saprotrophs in 2020 compared to bare soil.
Discussion
Using Siratro as a cover crop in the intercropping area of banana helped maintain soil fungal diversity, which would be beneficial for soil health with more symbiotrophs and less pathogens in the soil. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term impact of weed or Siratro cover crop on the fungal soil ecosystem and growth of banana.
... Ustilago species are ubiquitous pathogens that can cause dark brown to black linear sori of varying length in the leaves of grasses [45]; most species of Myrothecium are saprophytes but some are expressive plant pathogens hat can cause leaf spots [46]. Hymenoscyphus are pathogens of ash dieback [47]. ...
Fritillaria taipaiensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has experienced continuous decline over its cropping area. The present study aims to explore the reasons for the quality and growth decline. The fungal diversities and biochemical factors in its rhizospheric soils with cultivation duration from 1 up to 5 years were analyzed and compared. The results showed that rhizospheric fungi of F. taipaiensis belong to six phyla, including Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Thirteen genera (Pseudogymnoascus, Fusarium, Mortierella, Colletotrichum, Laetinaevia, Gibberella, Synchytrium, Lysurus, Trichocladium, Volutella, Monoblepharis, Aquamyces and Trichoderma) constituted the “core community” in the rhizosphere of F. taipaiensis. The dominant fungal genera varied significantly in rhizospheric soils with different cultivation years. The abundance of fungal species in the soil declined with the cultivation year generally. The pH, available P, organic matter and urease activity were the primary factors determining the fungal community composition in the rhizosphere. The content of organic matter, available N, P and K and the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase decreased with cultivation years. The soil pH increased with cultivation years and was unsuitable for F. taipaiensis growth. These features suggested that long-term single planting altered the fungal community structure, fertility conditions and soil enzyme activities in F. taipaiensis rhizospheric soils, which could be detrimental for plant growth and quality.
... Myrothecium roridum e M. verrucaria são fungos saprófitas, de solo e tecidos vegetais, tanto vivos quanto em decomposição (Duval et al., 2010). Em segundo plano, podem estar presentes na água, ar e em cereais, palhas, feno e silagem, predispondo à infecção fúngica, uma vez que os ruminantes se contaminam ao ingerir os materiais fermentados (Vedovatto et al., 2020). ...
... Em segundo plano, podem estar presentes na água, ar e em cereais, palhas, feno e silagem, predispondo à infecção fúngica, uma vez que os ruminantes se contaminam ao ingerir os materiais fermentados (Vedovatto et al., 2020). Ainda há possibilidade de contaminação por via aérea, levando em consideração a capacidade de disseminação do fungo juntamente com as estruturas reprodutivas e/ou sementes de plantas contaminadas permitindo sua inalação (Duval et al., 2010). ...
... Segundo informações do Sistema de Atenção Primária à Saúde o Trichothecium é um fungo mitospórico filamentoso que afeta principalmente a vegetação em decomposição e o solo. Assim como o Myrothecium spp., pode afetar plantas vivas e causar distúrbios gastrointestinais em animais que as ingerirem em grande quantidade (Duval et al., 2010). ...
As micotoxinas são metabólitos gerados por fungos filamentosos, encontrados no ambiente e em alimentos, como pastagem e cereais, destinados à alimentação bovina. A contaminação por micotoxinas é uma das grandes preocupações no que concerne aos rebanhos do mundo todo. A problemática se inicia durante a produção e armazenamento incorretos do alimento, quando há condições favoráveis à proliferação dos fungos causadores da contaminação. Essas micotoxicoses podem gerar diversos danos, entre eles, carcinogênicos, neurológicos e hepáticos. O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi discorrer a respeito das principais micotoxinas, os agentes etiológicos que as sintetizam, e as micotoxicoses que acometem os bovinos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as bases de busca Scielo, Pubmed e Portal Capes, além de sites oficiais, utilizando-se as palavras-chave “micotoxinas”, “micotoxicoses” e “intoxicação fúngica”, com enfoque em bovinos.
... Fujinawa et al. (2016), recently described Myrothecium leaf spot in begonias in Brazil. The causal agent is fungus Myrothecium roridum Tode: Fr, which also has a wide range of hosts, including ornamentals, such as gardenias, gloxinia, impatiens, sage, vriesea, peace lily, Canada golden-rod, flamingo lily, dumb cane, and petunia (Chase, 1992;Mangandi et al., 2007;Quezado-Duval et al., 2010;Ben et al., 2017). The symptoms in begonias are leaf spots that are initially small and circular and evolve into irregular shapes with light brown color; in these lesions, there are dark-green colored sporodochia with irregular shapes (Daughtrey et al., 1995;Fujinawa et al., 2016). ...
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antagonism of Clonostachys rosea LQC62 and Trichoderma asperellum LQC96 for Botrytis cinerea and Myrothecium roridum, which are begonia leaf pathogens, and to evaluate the application of these antagonists in the management of the disease in commercial cultivation. Under controlled in vitro conditions, the production of soluble and volatile compounds was evaluated along with parasitism in paired cultures, competition by colonization in begonia leaf discs, and the effect of the application of the antagonists in the control of gray mold and Myrothecium leaf spot in the commercial cultivation of begonia. Both LQC62 and LQC96 produced soluble compounds in a culture medium that were capable of inhibiting the development of B. cinerea, which was not observed for M. roridum. Both antagonists produced volatile compounds that led to a reduction in the development of the pathogens. There was an overlap of the colonies of the antagonists with those of the pathogens, indicating hyper-parasitic activity. The antagonists colonized the begonia leaf discs, and the application of these antagonists prior to inoculation promoted a reduction in the sporulation of the pathogens of up to 100%. Weekly foliar sprays of LQC62 reduced the incidence of gray mold and of Myrothecium leaf spot.
... Similarly, some Alternaria species can cause leaf-spot disease of soybean, sunflower, Withania somnifera, and Pelargonium (Furukawa and Kishi, 2001;Oliveira et al., 2004;Pati et al., 2008;Kumar and Kumar, 2017). Plant-pathogenic Myrothecium species cause foliar spots in soybean, cotton, Anthurium, Nicandra physaloides, tomato, and cucumber (Quezado Duval et al., 2010;Kwon et al., 2014;Dewangan et al., 2017). However, the relative abundances of other microbial taxa that include some plant pathogens, such as Mycosphaerella, were enhanced in R soils ( Figure 7G). ...
Returning straw to soil is an effective way to sustain or improve soil quality and crop yields. However, a robust understanding of the impact of straw return on the composition of the soil microbial communities under field conditions has remained elusive. In this study, we characterized the effects of wheat straw return on soil bacterial and fungal communities in a wheat–soybean rotation system over a 3-year period, using Illumina-based 16S rRNA, and internal transcribed region (ITS) amplicon sequencing. Wheat straw return significantly affected the α-diversity of the soil bacterial, but not fungal, community. It enhanced the relative abundance of the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria and the fungal phylum Zygomycota, but reduced that of the bacterial phylum Acidobacteria, and the fungal phylum Ascomycota. Notably, it enriched the relative abundance of nitrogen-cycling bacterial genera such as Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium. Preliminary analysis of soil chemical properties indicated that straw return soils had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN) contents than no straw return soils. In addition, the relative abundance of fungal genera containing pathogens was significantly lower in straw return soils relative to control soils, such as Fusarium, Alternaria, and Myrothecium. These results suggested a selection effect from the 3-year continuous straw return treatment and the soil bacterial and fungal communities were moderately changed.
... Myrothecium roridum is a soil borne fungus which continues its life cycle as a saprophyte in dead and decaying plant tissues (Souza-Motta et al., 2003;Castlebury et al., 2004;Costa et al., 2006;Domsch et al., 2007;Quezado et al., 2010). Despite the saprophytic character, M. roridum can cause diseases, mainly in the aerial parts of number of plant hosts, including vegetable crops, fruit plants and ornamentals (Murakami and Shirata, 2005;Domsch et al., 2007). ...
... Despite the saprophytic character, M. roridum can cause diseases, mainly in the aerial parts of number of plant hosts, including vegetable crops, fruit plants and ornamentals (Murakami and Shirata, 2005;Domsch et al., 2007). M. roridum has been reported as a pathogen of more than two hundred plant species belonging to distinct botanical families (Quezado et al., 2010). Bitter gourd leaf spot caused by Myrothecium roridum Tode is a serious threat to bitter gourd production in the Punjab province of Pakistan because it has caused considerable losses to farmer community. ...
The fungus Myrothecium roridum is the chief hazard to crops including cucurbits inhabit in soil as saprophyte, on diseased plant debris and also as facultative parasite on vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants. Keeping in view the damage caused by M. roridum to bitter gourd, screening of nine bitter gourd varieties (BG34F1, Manika 7004, CBT 36, BSS 616, KHBG 037, Leena 7005, Raja, Tipu and CO2NO3) was done in Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad under field conditions. All the varieties showed moderately susceptible to highly susceptible reaction ranging between 25-75% infections on leaves. Significant disease severity was recorded in the genotype Tipu while the lowest disease severity was recorded in the genotype BG34F1. Maximum numbers of flowers were recorded in the variety Tipu (24.33) followed by Raja (17.33) and CO2NO3 (15.33). Maximum number of fruits were recorded in the variety Tipu (40.00) followed by BSS 616 (11.00) and CO2NO3 (10.33). M. roridum from the diseased samples was isolated and identified morphologically as white cylindrical conidia with rounded ends under the microscope. In vitro management of the fungus M. roridum was done with fungicides having novel mode of action including Antracol® (Propineb), Cabrio Top® (Pyraclostrobin + Metriam Complex), Nativo®(Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin), Topsin M® (Thiophenate Methyl) and Score® (Difenoconazole) at concentrations of 50,100,150,200,250 µg/mL to inhibit the mycelial growth. Among all the fungicides tested, Score significantly reduced the mycelial growth of M. roridum with a value of 49% decrease over control followed by Nativo and Topsin M with a value of 48% and 47% respectively. Antracol was found to be the least effective in reducing the mycelial growth of M. roridm with a value of 22% decrease over control.
... The teleomorphic stage of Glomerella cingulata has not been reported on Dieffenbachia in Brazil in field conditions, but its anamorph was found causing leaf spot on D. maculata Sweet in the State of Pernambuco (Mendes and Urbem, 2011). Mendes and Urbem (2011) and Quezado-Duval et al. (2010) listed several fungi occurring on D. maculata and D. amoena Hort. ex Gentil, but not on D. seguine. ...
Leaves of Dieffenbachia seguine showing necrotic spots were collected and studied at the Universidade
Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia. After isolation in Potato Dextrose Agar medium, microscopic characterization and pathogenicity proof were done. Glomerella cingulata (anamorph: Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides) was considered the causal agent of the disease in this host. This is the first report of this fungus causing anthracnose in D. seguine in Brazil.
Biofiltration, activated carbon and chemical scrubbing are technologies used for odor control in wastewater treatment plants. These systems may also influence the airborne microbial load in treated air. The study objectives were to 1) evaluate the capacity of three odor control system technologies to reduce the airborne concentration of total bacteria, Legionella, L. pneumophila, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Cladosporium in winter and summer seasons and 2) to describe the microbial ecology of the biofiltration system and evaluate its impact on treated air microbial diversity. A reduction of the total bacterial concentration up to 25 times was observed after odor treatment. Quantification by qPCR revealed the presence of Legionella spp. in all air samples ranging between 26 and 1140 GC/m3, while L. pneumophila was not detected except for three samples below the limit of quantification. A significant increase of up to 25-fold of Legionella spp. was noticed at the outlet of two of the three treatment systems. NTM were ubiquitously detected before air treatment (up to 2500 GC/m3) and were significantly reduced by all 3 systems (up to 13-fold). Cladosporium was measured at low concentrations for each system (< 190 GC/m3), with 68 % of the air samples below the limit of detection. Biodiversity results revealed that biofiltration system is an active process that adapts to air pollutants over time. Legionella spp. were detected in significant abundance in the air once treated in winter (up to 27 %). Nevertheless, the abundance of protozoan hosts is low and does not explain the multiplication of Legionella spp. The season remains the most influential factor shaping biodiversity. In summer only, air biofiltration caused a significant enrichment of the biodiversity. Although odor control technologies are not designed for bacterial mitigation, findings from this study suggest their potential to reduce the abundance of some genera harboring pathogenic species.
Black spore masses were found attached to the seeds of rice variety PR 126 in Punjab state of North India. The fungus was morphologically identified as Myrothecium sp. Molecular identification confirmed the fungus to be Albifimbria terrestris. The pathogenicity of A. terrestris was proved underfield conditions.
