Figure 2 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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Representative somatic metaphases of diploid Arachis species of the sections Procumbentes and Erectoides after single GISH experiments using gDNA probe from A. glabrata (red) and DAPI staining (gray): (a, b) A. lignosa, (c, d) A. rigonii, (e, f) A. appressipila, (g, h) A. hermannii, (i, j) A. major, (k, l) A. paraguariensis subsp. capibarensis. The white arrows point to the satellites, which are attached with dotted lines to the proximal regions of their respective chromosomal arms. Scale bar = 3 µm.
Source publication
The rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth., section Rhizomatosae) is a tetraploid perennial legume. Although several A. glabrata cultivars have been developed as forage and ornamental turf, the origin and genomic constitution of this species are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the affinity between the genomes of A. glabrata and the prob...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the species of the sections Erectoides (E 2 subgenome) and Procumbentes (E 3 subgenome) showed a uniform hybridization pattern along all the chromosomes (Figure 2 (Figures 2c-l). ...
Citations
... The perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is an autotetraploid species, possibly formed by the diploid donor Arachis paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl. (Ortiz et al., 2017(Ortiz et al., , 2023 (Bertioli et al., 2011). In the United States, the perennial peanut is a high-quality tropical forage legume called "Florida's Alfalfa," fed to horses, cattle, and sheep (Perennial Peanut Producers Association http:// www.perennialpeanuthay.org/). ...
... In the United States, the perennial peanut is a high-quality tropical forage legume called "Florida's Alfalfa," fed to horses, cattle, and sheep (Perennial Peanut Producers Association http:// www.perennialpeanuthay.org/). In Southern United States, perennial peanuts are used to create mixed pastures with bermudagrass (Ortiz et al., 2023). Perennial peanut has a greater nitrogen and phosphorus balance capacity as livestock feed than the bermudagrass, Tifton 85 (Eckert et al., 2010). ...
Plants of the genus Arachis originated from South America and are cultivated worldwide. The genus Arachis contains 83 species and nine intrageneric taxonomic sections. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) belongs to the Arachis section, the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg.) belongs to the Caulorrhizae section, and the perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) belongs to the Rhizomatosae section. These three peanut species have been developed for use as fodder crops. This review summarizes the forage value of Arachis species. Forage and perennial peanuts can be intercropped with forage species to feed livestock. The cultivated peanut vines and peanut by-products, such as peanut skins and peanut meal, are also high-quality fodder used to feed sheep, cattle, and poultry. A major limiting factor in terms of adopting forage and perennial peanuts as forage crops is their limited resistance to frosts, resulting from their low winter hardiness. Therefore, the feeding value of cultivated peanuts is higher compared to forage and perennial peanuts. This review suggests that Arachis is a suitable forage crop, focusing on their nutritional properties and breeding to increase their performance under cultivation and feeding value.
Premise
Wild species are strategic sources of valuable traits to be introduced into crops through hybridization. For peanut, the 33 currently described wild species in the section Arachis are particularly important because of their sexual compatibility with the domesticated species, Arachis hypogaea . Although numerous wild accessions are carefully preserved in seed banks, their morphological similarities pose challenges to routine classification.
Methods
Using a high‐density array, we genotyped 272 accessions encompassing all diploid species in section Arachis . Detailed relationships between accessions and species were revealed through phylogenetic analyses and interpreted using the expertise of germplasm collectors and curators.
Results
Two main groups were identified: one with A genome species and the other with B, D, F, G, and K genomes. Species groupings generally showed clear boundaries. Structure within groups was informative, for instance, revealing the history of the proto‐domesticate A. stenosperma . However, some groupings suggested multiple sibling species. Others were polyphyletic, indicating the need for taxonomic revision. Annual species were better defined than perennial ones, revealing limitations in applying classical and phylogenetic species concepts to the genus . We suggest new species assignments for several accessions.
Conclusions
Curated by germplasm collectors and curators, this analysis of species relationships lays the foundation for future species descriptions, classification of unknown accessions, and germplasm use for peanut improvement. It supports the conservation and curation of current germplasm, both critical tasks considering the threats to the genus posed by habitat loss and the current restrictions on new collections and germplasm transfer.
