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Representative images of the contour of atrium−ventricle with green fluorescence from ventral and lateral views in the control group (A) and the 8 μM 2,6-DCBQ treatment group (B) at 72 hpf and 120 hpf. V represents the ventricle; A represents the atrium.
Source publication
Epidemiological studies have observed the potential association of water disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure with cardiac defects. Aromatic DBPs represent a significant portion of total DBPs, but their effects on cardiovascular development are unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of an aromatic DBP, 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DCBQ), on...
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Context 1
... images showing the deformation of the cardiovascular system were obtained from the 8 μM groups. As shown in Figure 2, the contour of atrium (A)−ventricle (V) was visualized with green fluorescence from the ventral and lateral views. In the control group, the normal looping process placed the ventricle and atrium side by side, so the two chambers largely overlapped with each other in the lateral view. ...
Context 2
... sequencing data for all samples met quality assurance (QA) requirements, and the results are shown in the Supporting Information (Table S2). At 24 and 48 hpf, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 4 μM treatment group was 113 (50 upregulated and 63 downregulated) and 2123 (762 upregulated and 1361 downregulated), respectively, compared to the control group ( Figure S2). At 120 hpf, 61 (11 upregulated and 50 downregulated) and 1407 (647 upregulated and 760 downregulated) DEGs were identified in the 4 and 8 μM 2,6-DCBQ treatment groups ( Figure 5A,B), respectively, compared to the control group. ...
Context 3
... the cardiac muscle contraction pathway, nearly 13.5% DEGs were significantly changed (17 upregulated and 4 downregulated) (Table S7), and the regulation of DEGs in this signaling pathway is shown in the Supporting Information ( Figure S3). Furthermore, we found that 11 upregulated genes (cox2, cox5b2, cox6a1, cox6b2, cox6c, cox7a, cox7a2a, cox7c, cox8b, uqcrq, and uqcrh) enriched in these three signaling pathways (cardiac muscle contraction, metabolic pathways, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway) ( Figure 8A,C), are the cyclooxygenase (COX) subunits. A recent study reported that exposure to nitro-PAHs may increase oxidative stress, change the activity of the COX family, and adversely affect cardiovascular health. ...
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Citations
... Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a vital factor in DBPs-induced toxicities [36]. Thus, the levels of ROS were assessed after 2,6-DHNPs exposure. ...
Dihalogenated nitrophenols (2,6-DHNPs), an emerging group of aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) detected in drinking water, have limited available information regarding their persistence and toxicological risks. The present study found that 2,6-DHNPs are resistant to major drinking water treatment processes (sedimentation and filtration) and households methods (boiling, filtration, microwave irradiation, and ultrasonic cleaning). To further assess their health risks, we conducted a series of toxicology studies using zebrafish embryos as the model organism. Our findings reveal that these emerging 2,6-DHNPs showed lethal toxicity 248 times greater than that of the regulated DBP, dichloroacetic acid. Specifically, at sublethal concentrations, exposure to 2,6-DHNPs generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), caused apoptosis, inhibited cardiac looping, and induced cardiac failure in zebrafish. Remarkably, the use of a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, considerably mitigated these adverse effects, emphasizing ROS' essential role in 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity. Our findings highlight the cardiotoxic potential of 2,6-DHNPs in drinking water even at low concentrations of 19 μg/L and the beneficial effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in alleviating the 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity. This study underscores the urgent need for increased scrutiny of these emerging compounds in public health discussions.
... While we also assessed the total pigmented area in 96 hpf embryos, no significant changes were observed. Our results highlight the significant ecological risks posed by PFOS on aquatic organisms, as changes in hatchability, mortality, and deformity during embryonic development are potential indicators of developmental toxicity due to environmental contaminant stress, as previous studies have shown (Hill et al., 2005;Yang et al., 2022). Further research is needed to better understand the effects of PFOS exposure on embryonic development and identify potential interventions. ...
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a prevalent, persistent organic pollutant in environmental matrices, yet its precise mechanism of neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigated the developmental and neurobehavioral effects of PFOS exposure (0, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/L) on zebrafish. The findings indicated that PFOS exposure caused various developmental abnormalities, including increased mortality, delayed hatching, shortened body length, bent spine, and edema in the pericardial and yolk sac regions. Subsequently, larvae exhibited a significant decrease in spontaneous movement frequency, altered touch-evoked response, and locomotor behavior. In fact, aberrant cellular responses in the brain and cardiac regions were observed. Microglial activation is a critical component of the inflammatory immune responses related to neurotoxicity. Likewise, our findings indicate that PFOS-induced microglial activation might be responsible for neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, AChE activity and dopamine content at the neurotransmitter level were also disrupted after PFOS exposure. The gene expression of dopamine signaling pathways and neuroinflammation were also altered. Collectively, our findings highlight that PFOS exposure can induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation through microglial activation, thus ultimately affecting behavior. Taken together, this study will provide mechanistic effects underlying the pathophysiology of neurological disorders.
... Second, the high chlorine residual in wastewater is required to be dechlorinated, which involves the cost of a dechlorinating agent [8]. Third, the high chlorine residual in wastewater may react with organics in wastewater to form harmful halogenated disinfection byproducts, which may cause developmental toxicity and growth inhibition on the aquatic creatures in receiving water body [9,10]. In this study, we examined the effect of different concentrations of chlorine-containing disinfectants (500mg/L, 1000mg/ L, and 2000mg/L) on the ICU environment. ...
Background:
The hospital environment, particularly the intensive care unit (ICU), contributes to the transmission of several nosocomial pathogens, which can survive in this setting for a longer period of time and, in turn, contaminate the surfaces or the medical tools. Thus, appropriate disinfection of these areas and devices are crucial for controlling and preventing further infection. In this study, we examined the effect of different concentrations of chlorine-containing disinfectants (500mg/L, 1000mg/L, and 2000mg/L) on the ICU environment.
Methods:
This quasi-experimental study was based on a convenient sampling method. In this study, High-frequency objects were selected as subjects in ICU, with a total sample of 216.A hall including 6 beds was examined,selecting 4 high-frequency surfaces per bed unit:a bed gear, infusion system, bed end table, and monitor were disinfected with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/L of chlorine (as Cl2), respectively.The surface dissection was performed at 21:00 o'clock daily, after which ATP fluorescence monitoring and bacterial count detection were performed.
Results:
There was no significant difference in ATP bioluminescence (F = 2.03, P > 0.05) and bacterial counting (χ2 = 2.03, P > 0.05) when using different concentrations of chlorine-containing disinfectant in the ICU. Yet, compared with high concentration (2000mg/L), a low concentration disinfectant reduced the hospital cost.
Conclusion:
By reducing the concentration of ICU high-frequency contact table disinfectants, it is possible to reduce the risk of long-term contamination with chlorine-containing disinfectants and reduce the cost of using ICU chlorine-containing disinfectants.
