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Representative images of adventitia at 28 days after injury (Sirius Red staining ×400). Type I collagen closely spaced and showed strong double refraction, yellow or red fibers. Type III collagen showed weak double refraction, greenish fine fibers. (a) Sham group, (b) model group, (c) Captopril group, and (d) Yiqihuoxuejiedu group.
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Vascular remodeling occurs in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Adventitial remodeling may be a potential therapeutic target. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula uses therapeutic principles from Chinese medicine to supplement Qi, activate blood circulation, and resolve toxin and it has been shown to inhibit...
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Maladaptive remodelling of the arterial wall after mechanical injury (e. g. angioplasty) is characterised by inflammation, neointima formation and media hypertrophy, resulting in narrowing of the affected artery. Moreover, mechanical injury of the arterial wall causes loss of the vessel protecting endothelial cell monolayer. Mitogen-activated prote...
Background:
Systemic treatment with sirolimus, as used for immunosuppression in transplant patients, results in markedly low rates of in-stent restenosis. Since the underlying mechanisms remain obscure, we aimed to determine the molecular and cellular effects of systemic sirolimus treatment on vascular remodeling processes.
Methods and results:...
Citations
... So far, few studies have reported on the effect of certain drugs and restenosis [7,8]. Moreover, some traditional medicines, such as Camellia japonica [9], docetaxel [10], Alpinia officinarum Hance [11], Salvia miltiorrhiza [12], and Panax notoginseng [13], which can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, have an inhibitory effect on VSMC proliferation. ...
... * P < 0:05 and * * P < 0:01 compared with control (15% FBS alone). 8 BioMed Research International cardiovascular protection effect and can be used as a good candidate to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. ...
The aim of the study is to examine the mechanism of Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem (AAS) in improving intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in rats. Rats with femoral artery injury were randomly divided into three groups: the model group, AAS low-dose group (40 mg/kg), and AAS high-dose group (80 mg/kg). The sham operation group was used as a control group. HE staining was used to observe the changes in femoral artery vessels. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect α-SMA, PCNA, GSK-3β, and β-catenin proteins in femoral artery tissue. The CCK-8 test and wound healing assay were employed to analyze the effect of AAS on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in vitro. Western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to evaluate the molecular mechanism. AAS reduced the stenosis of blood vessels and the protein expressions of α-SMA, PCNA, GSK-3β, and β-catenin compared to the model group. In addition, AAS (0-15 μg/mL) effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, the results of WB and PCR showed that AAS could inhibit the activation of β-catenin induced by 15% FBS and significantly decrease the expression levels of Wnt3α, Dvl-1, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 in the upstream and downstream of the pathway. AAS could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of neointima after vascular injury in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
... The prescription is composed of astragalus, salvia, honeysuckle, and other components. Previous researches have shown that the prescription can reduce vessel stenosis, lower blood lipids [24], inhibit the activation and proliferation of the adventitial fibroblasts, and decrease collagen content and type I/III collagen ratio in the adventitia [25]. ...
... Next, rats were anesthetized with 40 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. As showed in the past study [25], a Fogarty 2 F balloon catheter (diameter of balloon 2 mm, length 20 mm, Medtronic Company, USA) was introduced through the left external carotid artery and advanced 4-4.5 cm into the thoracic aorta while the internal carotid artery was blocked. The balloon was inflated with normal saline at 0.5 atm to 0.7 atm to distend the artery. ...
... In the early remodeling, adventitial fibroblasts play principal roles, although VSMCs also contribute to the pathological change. In this activation and proliferation of the adventitial fibroblasts [25]. C-reactive protein (CRP) not only serves as one of the most widely known biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and underlying inflammation but also promotes activation of endothelial cells and monocytes, leading to vascular remodeling [27,28]. ...
Vascular remodeling is closely related to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in vessel injury. The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing inflammation reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent vascular remodeling. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after intimal injury. To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on inflammation and connexins, we established a carotid artery injury model. In model rats, hyperplasia in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of MCP-1, CD68, and Cx43 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal hyperplasia and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of CD68 and Cx43 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower MCP-1. These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited vascular remodeling especially adventitial hyperplasia by reducing the inflammation reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of vascular remodeling.
Vascular remodeling is a significant pathological characteristic of hypertension, which is regulated by complex regulatory networks. The vascular remodeling may be adaptive initially, however it becomes maladaptive and decompensation eventually and further compromises target organ function, leading to hypertensive cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the role and mechanisms of vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis and progression of hypertension and its complications. Moreover, the strategies of syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine application provide clinical and theoretical evidences for hypertensive vascular remodeling therapy. A better understanding of underlying signaling pathways, therapeutic targets in vascular remodeling, as well as screening of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine may be able to provide some effective approaches for vascular protection in hypertensive diseases.
The rat carotid artery balloon injury model was used to prove the activation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts. We found that at day 7 after injury, adventitial fibroblasts proliferated, transformed into myofibroblasts under transmission electron microscopy in the model group. Simultaneously, we proved that the adventitial cells migrated to the media and intima on 7th day after injury by directly labeled the adventitial cells by the in vivo gene transfer technique. Moreover, we captured the precise moment when the adventitial fibroblasts migrated from the adventitia to the media through the external elastic plate under transmission electron microscope. This study provides direct evidences that adventitial fibroblasts activate and migrate to the media and intima, then actively take part in revascularization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
