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Effects of castration on uterus (A) and testes weight (C), 16 weeks after ovariectomy and orchiectomy, respectively, in comparison with sham-operated mice. Impacts of ovariectomy (B) and orchiectomy (D) on the body weight, 7 weeks after castration and before exercise and treatment onset. SHAM, sham-operated; OVX, ovariectomized; ORX, orchiectomized; Sed, sedentary; Exer, Exercise; Turk, Ajuga turkestanica; Long, Eurycoma longifolia; Urt, Urtica dioica; TLU, the association of the three extracts. Results are the mean ± SEM of 10 to 12 animals per group. a p < 0.05 significantly different compared to the sham-operated group (One-way ANOVA followed by Sidak post hoc test).
Source publication
Dry extracts from the Eurasian plants, Ajuga turkestanica, Eurycoma longifolia, and Urtica dioica have been used as anabolic supplements, despite the limited scientific data on these effects. To assess their actions on early sarcopenia signs, male and female castrated mice were supplemented with lyophilized extracts of the three plants, isolated or...
Citations
... ex Benth (accepted name Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham.), A. nipponensis Makino, A. ciliate Bunge, A. reptans L., A. turkestanica (Regel) Briq., and several other species. [2,7,17,58,[64][65][66][67][68] * Information is presented selectively for those species in which development of the cell cultures was reported: A. bracteosa, A. chia (synonym of A. chamaepitys), A. genevensis, A. lobata, A. multiflora, A. pyramidalis (synonym of A. genevensis), A. reptans. ** According to in vitro and in vivo studies. ...
The genus Ajuga (Lamiaceae) is rich in medicinally important species with biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic to antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects. Every species contains a unique and complex mixture of bioactive metabolites—phytoecdysteroids (PEs), iridoid glycosides, withanolides, neo-clerodane terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and other chemicals with high therapeutic potential. Phytoecdysteroids, the main compounds of interest, are natural anabolic and adaptogenic agents that are widely used as components of dietary supplements. Wild plants remain the main source of Ajuga bioactive metabolites, particularly PEs, which leads to frequent overexploitation of their natural resources. Cell culture biotechnologies offer a sustainable approach to the production of vegetative biomass and individual phytochemicals specific for Ajuga genus. Cell cultures developed from eight Ajuga taxa were capable of producing PEs, a variety of phenolics and flavonoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, phenyletanoid glycosides, iridoids, and fatty acids, and demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most abundant PEs in the cell cultures was 20-hydroxyecdysone, followed by turkesterone and cyasterone. The PE content in the cell cultures was comparable or higher than in wild or greenhouse plants, in vitro-grown shoots, and root cultures. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate (50–125 µM) or mevalonate and induced mutagenesis were the most effective strategies that stimulated cell culture biosynthetic capacity. This review summarizes the current progress in cell culture application for the production of pharmacologically important Ajuga metabolites, discusses various approaches to improve the compound yield, and highlights the potential directions for future interventions.
... ex Benth (accepted name Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham.), A. nipponensis Makino, A. ciliate Bunge, A. reptans L., A. turkestanica (Regel) Briq., and several other species. [2,7,17,58,[64][65][66][67][68] * Information is presented selectively for those species in which development of the cell cultures was reported: A. bracteosa, A. chia (synonym of A. chamaepitys), A. genevensis, A. lobata, A. multiflora, A. pyramidalis (synonym of A. genevensis), A. reptans. ** According to in vitro and in vivo studies. ...
... Xu et al. find an association between the plasma levels of oxylipins (i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6) on the fecal microbiota composition of young adults [1], which can have important implications for metabolic health [2]. Using a mouse model subjected to castration to accelerate sarcopenia features (e.g., loss of muscle mass and function), Martins et al. provide preliminary evidence on the effects that some phytoanabolic extracts obtained from Eurasian plants can have, particularly in combination with resistance training, on different indicators such as body composition, physical function, skeletal muscle/adipose tissue histology, and other biochemical indicators (e.g., cytokines, blood cholesterol) [3]. Moreover, Bellini et al. assessed the effect of postprandial walking on glycemic responses in healthy adults, finding that a 30-min postprandial brisk walking session improved the glycemic response after meals with different carbohydrate content and macronutrient composition [4]. ...
The important role of nutrition on both health and sports performance, and particularly its joint association with physical exercise, is becoming increasingly clear in recent years [...]
Objectives:
In adults, short and long sleep duration has been associated with sarcopenia risk. Studies have shown that various factors, including biological and psychological factors, could be the underlying cause of the association between aberrant sleep duration and sarcopenia risk. In this study, we have qualitatively and quantitatively summarized previously published studies on sleep duration to assess the relationship between sleep duration and sarcopenia risk in adults. This would aid in enhancing our understanding of recent advancements in this field and the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia risk.
Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Setting and participants:
In this review, we included studies evaluating the association between the duration of sleep and sarcopenia in adults in observational studies.
Methods:
Five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Web of Science) were searched to April 20, 2023, to identify studies related to sarcopenia and sleep duration. Next, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for sarcopenia prevalence based on the adjusted data from individual studies. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 11.0.
Results:
Sarcopenia prevalence was high (18%) in adults with long sleep duration. Our results showed a significant association between short duration of sleep and high sarcopenia prevalence in older adults (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02-1.41, I2 = 56.6%). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between all participants with long-duration sleep and high sarcopenia prevalence (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.34-1.75, I2 = 56.8%). We also observed significant heterogeneity in the adjusted ORs.
Conclusions and implications:
There was a correlation between sarcopenia and short or long sleep duration, especially in older adults. In adults with a long duration of sleep, sarcopenia prevalence was relatively high.
The genus Ajuga (Lamiaceae) is rich in medicinally important species with biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic to antibacte-rial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects. Every species contains a unique and complex mixture of bioactive metabolites-phytoecdysteroids (PEs), iridoid glycosides, withanolides, neo-cler-odane terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and other chemicals with high therapeutic potential. Phy-toecdysteroids, the main compounds of interest, are natural anabolic and adaptogenic agents that are widely used as components of dietary supplements. Wild plants remain the main source of Ajuga bioactive metabolites, particularly PEs, which leads to frequent overexploitation of their natural resources. Cell culture biotechnologies offer a sustainable approach to the production of vegetative biomass and individual phytochemicals specific for Ajuga genus. Cell cultures developed from eight Ajuga taxa were capable of producing PEs, a variety of phenolics and flavonoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, phenyletanoid glycosides, iridoids, and fatty acids, and demonstrated antiox-idant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most abundant PEs in the cell cultures was 20-hydroxyecdysone, followed by turkesterone and cyasterone. The PE content in the cell cultures was comparable or higher than in wild or greenhouse plants, in vitro-grown shoots, and root cultures. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate (50-125 µM) or mevalonate and induced mutagenesis were the most effective strategies that stimulated cell culture biosynthetic capacity. This review summarizes the current progress in cell culture application for the production of pharmacologically important Ajuga metabolites, discusses various approaches to improve the compound yield, and highlights the potential directions for future interventions.
