Fig 1 - uploaded by Atilano Contreras-Ramos
Content may be subject to copyright.
Representative habitus illustrations of megalopteran families and subfamilies. A-C. Adults. A. Acantha-corydalis orientalis (McLachlan, 1899) (Corydalidae: Corydalinae). B. Neochauliodes fraternus (McLachlan, 1869) (Corydalidae: Chauliodinae). C. Sialis sibirica McLachlan, 1872 (Sialidae: Sialinae). D-G. Larvae. D. Corydalus luteus (Hagen, 1861) (Corydalidae: Corydalinae). E. Orohermes crepusculus (Chandler, 1954) (Corydalidae: Chauliodinae). F. Sialis sp. (Sialidae: Sialinae). G. †Sharasialis fusiformis Ponomarenko, 2012 (Sialidae: †Sharasialinae) (after Ponomarenko 2012). Scale bars = 1 mm. Photos A-C by © Xingyue Liu; D-F by © Caleb C. Martins.
Source publication
A global synonymical checklist of the species and higher taxa of the insect order Megaloptera is provided. The checklist includes both extant and extinct taxa, and recognizes 2 families, 4 subfamilies, 48 genera, 425 species, and 6 subspecies. Both families (Corydalidae and Sialidae), and three of the four subfamilies (Corydalinae, Chauliodinae, an...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Journal of Taxonomy 812: 1-93 (2022) 4 Megalopterans ( Fig. 1) belong to an ancient neuropteroid lineage of the holometabolous insects (Theischinger 1991), with its oldest known fossils dating back to the Early Jurassic of Europe, †Dobbertinia reticulata Handlirsch in Schröder, 1920 (Sialidae: Sialinae) and †Nematophlebia plicata Cockerell, 1915 (Family incertae sedis). Recent time-calibrated ...
Context 2
... the current work, we recognize a total of 425 megalopteran species (400 extant, 25 extinct; also 6 extant subspecies) and 47 genera (28 extant only, 13 extinct only, and 6 with both extant and extinct species), which are placed in two families and four subfamilies (Corydalidae: Corydalinae and Chauliodinae; Sialidae: Sialinae and †Sharasialinae) (Fig. 1). Relatively recent reviews of the general biology and/or higher-level systematics of the Megaloptera on a global scale are available in New & Theischinger (1993), Cover & Resh (2008), Liu et al. (2012b, , Liu (2019a) and Jiang et al. (2021). Much of the remaining literatures on the group focused on the systematics of more restricted ...
Context 3
... work follows the terminology of for terminalic structures, i.e., for males: tergite 9, sternite 9, gonocoxites 9, gonostyli 9, ectoproct, gonocoxites 10, gonostyli 10, and gonocoxites 11; and for females: gonocoxites 8, gonapophyses 8, gonocoxites 9, gonostyli 9, and ectoproct. fig. 8g-i 10. Male abdomen: gonostylus 9 absent ( Liu et al. 2015d: fig. 14c-d); female abdomen: gonocoxite 8 without longitudinal median incision ( Liu et al. 2015d: fig. 15d) ...................................................11 -Male abdomen: gonostylus 9 present (Ardila-Camacho et al. 2021: figs 3-5); female abdomen: gonocoxite 8 with longitudinal median incision (Ardila-Camacho et al. 2021: fig. 6c-d) ...
Context 4
... gonocoxites 9, gonostyli 9, ectoproct, gonocoxites 10, gonostyli 10, and gonocoxites 11; and for females: gonocoxites 8, gonapophyses 8, gonocoxites 9, gonostyli 9, and ectoproct. fig. 8g-i 10. Male abdomen: gonostylus 9 absent ( Liu et al. 2015d: fig. 14c-d); female abdomen: gonocoxite 8 without longitudinal median incision ( Liu et al. 2015d: fig. 15d) ...................................................11 -Male abdomen: gonostylus 9 present (Ardila-Camacho et al. 2021: figs 3-5); female abdomen: gonocoxite 8 with longitudinal median incision (Ardila-Camacho et al. 2021: fig. 6c-d) ...
Similar publications
We present a data set reporting the checklist of the species of the order Mecoptera for Italy, updating the one previously published in the series ‘Checklist delle Specie della Fauna d'Italia’ in 1995. The updated checklist comprises 11 taxa at the species and subspecies level, currently known from national Italian territories (7 Panorpidae, 2 Bitt...
Citations
... Studies aimed at understanding trophic relationships in insects focus mainly on species of economically important Orders, such as Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera and Diptera (ZARBIN et al., 2009;BARROS et al., 2022). On the other hand, there are those with less available information such as Megaloptera, which includes, until the present study, approximately 400 species known worldwide, distributed in two families, Sialidae and Corydalidae (CONTRERAS-RAMOS, 2007, 2011AZEVÊDO, 2012;MARTINS et al., 2022). The latter family allocates the genus Corydalus Latreille, 1802, with 38 species occurring in the New World, 37 in the Neotropical region and 14 in Brazil (NETO;PASSOS, 2018;MARTINS et al., 2022). ...
... On the other hand, there are those with less available information such as Megaloptera, which includes, until the present study, approximately 400 species known worldwide, distributed in two families, Sialidae and Corydalidae (CONTRERAS-RAMOS, 2007, 2011AZEVÊDO, 2012;MARTINS et al., 2022). The latter family allocates the genus Corydalus Latreille, 1802, with 38 species occurring in the New World, 37 in the Neotropical region and 14 in Brazil (NETO;PASSOS, 2018;MARTINS et al., 2022). ...
RESUMO Há poucas informações sobre predadores de Megaloptera nos biomas brasileiros, não havendo relatos de formigas como inimigas naturais. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a predação de ovos de Corydalus sp. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) por Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em área de Cerrado no Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, região norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O registro ocorreu no dia 30 de janeiro de 2023 na área de ambiente lótico, Cachoeira do Mato Grande. Uma postura de Corydalus sp. com aproximadamente 1570 ovos intactos, dispostos em três camadas, envoltas por uma capa protetora, foi registrado servindo de alimento para cerca de 18 indivíduos de Crematogaster sp. presente na folha de um espécime arbóreo. O fato de Crematogaster spp. possuir hábitos arbóreos talvez otimize a frequência de encontros com ovos de Megaloptera, comumente alocados em plantas, o que sugere que essa relação seja possivelmente comum. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para melhor compreender a relação entre este gênero de Megaloptera e Crematogaster spp. Palavras-chave: Insetos aquáticos, Insetos sociais, Oofagia, Relação interespecífica. RECORD OF PREDATION OF Corydalus Latreille, 1802 (MEGALOPTERA) EGGS BY Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (HYMENOPTERA) ABSTRACT There is little information on Megaloptera predators in Brazil's biomes, with no reports on ants as a natural enemy, therefore, this study aims to report the predation of Corydalus sp eggs. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) by Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a cerrado area in the Grande Sertão Veredas National Park, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The registration was carried out on January 30, 2023 in the lotic environment area, Mato Grande Waterfall. A laying of Corydalus sp. with approximately 1,570 intact eggs, arranged in three layers wrapped by a protective cover, was recorded serving as food for about 18 individuals of Crematogaster sp. present in an arboreal specimen's leaf. The fact that Crematogaster spp. have arboreal habits perhaps optimizes the frequency of encounters with Megaloptera eggs, commonly allocated in plants, which suggests that this relationship is possibly common; however, more studies are needed to better understand the relationship between this genus of Dobsonfly and Crematogaster spp.
... Image postprocessing was performed with Adobe Photoshop CS2. The systematics of †Permithonidae as proposed by Martins et al. (2022) was adopted. ...
The Triassic is considered a crucial period for the establishment of the modern insect fauna and fossil records from this period are fundamental for understanding the real impact that the end Permian Mass Extinction events had on these animals. Here, we review the insect fossils from one of the main deposits of this period in the world, Monte San Giorgio, which is considered one of the nine main insect Fossillagerstätten. In this Lagerstätte, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy, a total of 273 fossil insects have been collected in five localities. The fossils found in Val Mara site D, one of the two richest insect fossils sites of Monte San Giorgio, present peculiar features, such as extraordinary sizes and phosphatisation of internal tissues revealing fine internal details. In contrast, the Val Mara site VM 12 fossil record (248 specimens) is dominated by small to medium size insects, usually almost intact, preserving details such as setae on wings and compound eyes. Besides these exceptional features, these fossil insects are of extreme evolutionary importance, since they represent the first or the last occurrence for their lineage. In this regard, their use to calibrate nodes in a phylogenomic dating analysis led to backdating the origin of many insect lineages, including Diptera and Heteroptera. Up to now, a total of five species from Monte San Giorgio have been formally described, belonging to the orders Archaeognatha (†Monura and Machilidae), Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera (Tingidae) and Coleoptera (Adephaga). A further species, Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov., whose fossil is included among the recent findings in Val Mara site VM 12, is described in the present work.
... The genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 is the most species-rich genus of the family Sialidae in Megaloptera, with 60 extant species worldwide (Martins et al. 2022). The genus is the most widespread group of Megaloptera, ranging from North America to Asia and Europe (Liu et al. 2015a;Martins et al. 2022). ...
... The genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 is the most species-rich genus of the family Sialidae in Megaloptera, with 60 extant species worldwide (Martins et al. 2022). The genus is the most widespread group of Megaloptera, ranging from North America to Asia and Europe (Liu et al. 2015a;Martins et al. 2022). Adults of this genus are rather smallsized compared with Corydalidae, and may be diagnosed by the following characters: presence of the inner fossae on the male mandibles; forewing RP veins with more than two branches; male tergum 9 almost as wide as long; male gonocoxites 9 close to each other; proximal plate of male gonocoxites 11 with trace of median fusion; female sternum 7 with truncate posterior margin (Liu et al. 2015a(Liu et al. , 2016. ...
... East Asia is one of the major ranges of Sialis, with 23 species, and ca. 96% of them being endemic to this region (Liu et al. 2015b;Martins et al. 2022). Previously, three species of Sialis were placed in another genus, namely Nipponosialis Kuwayama, 1962, which was established based on Sialis jezoensis Okamoto, 1910 from Hokkaido (Japan) and Russia Far East (Kuwayama 1962). ...
Here we describe a new species of the alderfly genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 from southeastern China, namely S. kouwenkaii sp. nov. The new species appears to be related to a group of Sialis species once placed in Nipponosialis Kuwayama, 1962. Morphological differences between the new species and its closely related species are discussed.
... There are two extant families in the order including the Corydalidae (dobsonflies and fishflies) and the Sialidae (alderflies). About 400 species of Megaloptera are recognized worldwide, including 85 named species of Sialidae in 9 genera, with the genus Sialis having 60 named species worldwide (Martins et al. 2022). Megalopterans are found worldwide (Jiang et al. 2022), with new species being described regularly, especially in the Neotropics and southeastern Asia Resh 2008, Martins et al. 2022). ...
... 425 species in total (ca. 400 extant and 25 extinct) from 47 genera (28 extant, 13 extinct, and six with both extant and extinct species) placed in two families, each divided into two subfamilies: Corydalidae, with Corydalinae (dobsonflies) and Chauliodinae (fishflies); and Sialidae, or alderflies (with Sialinae and †Sharasialinae) (Martins et al., 2022). All known species of Megaloptera have true aquatic larvae that are generalist predators of other aquatic invertebrates, occurring globally in a wide range of lotic and lentic freshwater habitats. ...
... The fossil record of the Megaloptera is scarce, but includes both adults and larvae. With the exclusion of the questionable Permian families Parasialidae and Nanosialidae (now treated as the possible stem-group Raphidioptera + Megaloptera or stem-group Raphidioptera: Martins et al., 2022), the oldest genuine Megaloptera known so far is the Early Jurassic Dobbertinia reticulata Handlirsch in Schröder, 1920 (Sialidae: Sialinae), known from an incomplete forewing (Ansorge, 2001). Another, doubtful Early Jurassic species, Nematophlebia plicata Cockerell, 1915, is known only from a small fragment of wing and was treated as Megaloptera familia incertae sedis by Martins et al. (2022), considering that the preserved characters are insufficient to further specify its correct systematic position. ...
... With the exclusion of the questionable Permian families Parasialidae and Nanosialidae (now treated as the possible stem-group Raphidioptera + Megaloptera or stem-group Raphidioptera: Martins et al., 2022), the oldest genuine Megaloptera known so far is the Early Jurassic Dobbertinia reticulata Handlirsch in Schröder, 1920 (Sialidae: Sialinae), known from an incomplete forewing (Ansorge, 2001). Another, doubtful Early Jurassic species, Nematophlebia plicata Cockerell, 1915, is known only from a small fragment of wing and was treated as Megaloptera familia incertae sedis by Martins et al. (2022), considering that the preserved characters are insufficient to further specify its correct systematic position. ...
The oldest unquestionable fishfly, Izyumochauliodes aristovi gen. et sp. nov. (Corydalidae, Chauliodinae), is described based on several larval fossils from the Upper Triassic Garazhovka locality in eastern Ukraine (Seversky Donets River basin, Kharkiv Region). The new genus with a typical Chauliodinae structure of the abdomen is distinguished from all other genera of the subfamily by having the occipital suture ventrally directed forward along the gula and reaching the submentum, and by the shape of mandibula with evenly curved inner margin, both characters similar to Sialidae. Another, poorly preserved larva, found in the same locality, is attributed to Sialidae incertae sedis and also represents the oldest record of the family. The co-occurrence of fossil larvae of both known families in the same locality is the palaeontological evidence for the Triassic divergence of the extant megalopteran lineages.
... Corydalidae is one of the two families of Megaloptera. It currently comprises 315 extant species worldwide, belonging to two subfamilies: Corydalinae (commonly known as "dobsonflies") and Chauliodinae ("fishflies") (Rivera-Gasperín et al. 2019;Martins et al. 2022). Dobsonflies and fishflies are holometabolous, with aquatic larval and terrestrial adult stages. ...
... The larvae ("hellgrammites") are generalist predators, preying on small invertebrates such as mayfly and stonefly nymphs (Anderson 2009 Here, we report the adults of P. grandis and the Amami dobsonfly Protohermes immaculatus Kuwayama foraging on flowers at night. Both of these species belong to the Protohermes xanthodes species group (Liu et al. 2006), but the former is a temperate Palearctic and the latter is a subtropical Oriental species (Martins et al. 2022). Although the results presented here are not necessarily comprehensive or quantitative, they will improve our understanding of the ecology and natural history of adult dobsonflies. ...
... Adult corydalids are large, impressive insects (Grimaldi & Engel 2005), inhabiting all major biogeographical regions of the world (Martins et al. 2022). Nonetheless, until very recently (Sugiura & Miyazaki 2021), anthophilous species were totally unknown in their natural habitats. ...
As in other megalopterans, the life of adult dobsonflies in the natural habitats remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the foraging habits of the nocturnal dobsonflies Protohermes grandis and Protohermes immaculatus. Our field observations from a close distance revealed that adult P. grandis feeds on the floral nectar of the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata (Fagaceae). Moreover, based on strong circumstantial evidence (the finding of a dozen pollen‐bearing adults and their pollen‐containing excrement), we concluded that adult P. immaculatus routinely visit the flowers of Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae (Theaceae). The present study is the first one to document floral resource utilization by adult dobsonflies in their natural habitats, and provides further evidence for anthophilous corydalids. We have briefly discussed why the flower‐visiting habits of corydalids have been missed so far. We report the foraging habits of the nocturnal dobsonflies Protohermes grandis and Protohermes immaculatus. Our field observations from a close distance revealed that adult P. grandis feeds on the floral nectar of the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata (Fagaceae) and also, strong circumstantial evidence (the finding of a dozen pollen‐bearing adults and their pollen‐containing excrement) supports the interpretation that adult P. immaculatus routinely visit the flowers of Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae (Theaceae). The present study is the first one to document floral resource utilization by adult dobsonflies in their natural habitats, and provides further evidence for anthophilous corydalids.
... The dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) is the most species-rich group in the order Megaloptera with 89 species of the genus being known. The genus is mainly distributed in the Oriental region (87 spp.), and two species are distributed in the Palaearctic region (Martins et al. 2022). Adult Protohermes are morphologically characterized by the forewing with anterior branch of A2 vein partly fused with stem of A1 vein, and the presence of yellow or white round markings on wings in most species (Yang & Liu 2010). ...
Protohermes stigmosus Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2007 was previously known only from the type locality by a single male. The species was classified into the Protohermes costalis species group because it has widely separated ocelli and a subcylindrical male ectoproct bearing a ventral tuft. Our recent survey of Megaloptera from Bo Kluea District, Nan Province in northern Thailand found an interesting species of Protohermes. Having carefully compared the specimens of this species with the type material of closely related species, we concluded that this species is P. stigmosus, a new species record from Thailand. We used the standard DNA
barcode from the mitochondrial COI gene to associate the male and female of this species successfully. The barcoding regions of related species with P. stigmosus i.e. P. triangulatus and P. furcatus were also sequenced to construct the tree. In the present paper, the adult male is redescribed based on Thai specimen, and female of the species is described for the first time.
The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.
The dobsonfly species Corydalus diasi Navás, 1915 is recorded from Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, for the first time, increasing its distribution to eight Brazilian states plus Federal District. Diagnostic characters, habitus photographs, and an informative distributional map of C. diasi are provided.
